Implementation Of Such Mechanisms Research Articles

Criminalistic support of combating iatrogenic criminal offenses: Information system prospects

The research relevance is stipulated by the negative dynamics of the increase in the number of iatrogenic offences in Ukraine and the need to update the criminalistic support tools to effectively counteract these types of acts. Given this, the study aims to explore the prospects for developing an information system for recording cases of defects in the provision of medical care in Ukraine to promptly detect and investigate criminal offences in the field of medical practice. Various research methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, structural and functional, statistical, formal, and legal, and deduction. The study identifies the factors that necessitate the development of an information system for registering and studying cases of inadequate medical care to patients. In addition, the author examines the experience of Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, France, and other European countries in ensuring the operation of mechanisms for recording and reporting on adverse effects caused by defects in the provision of medical care. The advantages of information systems in the context of combating iatrogenic criminal offences are also revealed and proposals for the implementation of such mechanisms in Ukraine are developed. The study pays special attention to establishing the essence of iatrogenic criminal offences and identifying their specific features which create difficulties for the investigation of criminal offences in the field of medical activity since they are latent. The results obtained in the course of the study should be used to improve the competence of criminal justice officials whose activities are aimed at conducting pre-trial investigations of iatrogenic criminal offences through the use of innovative criminalistic tools

Теоретико-методологические основы взаимодействия сотрудников органов внутренних дел в условиях провокационного поведения граждан

Difficult interpersonal situations arise in any professional activity. This is especially true for law enforcement. Employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as internal affairs officers) in the process of fulfilling their tasks have a pronounced determining influence on the socio-psychological processes of interaction with citizens, producing the implementation of such mechanisms and phenomena that do not unfold in everyday or comfortable situations. The subject of this article is the consideration of the psychological foundations of the interaction of police officers with citizens in the context of their provocative behavior. These can include: the essence of interaction, its genesis, structure, typology, mechanisms, dynamics, functions, conditions and factors, effects and results of interaction, as well as ways and principles for optimizing the interaction of employees with citizens in complex interpersonal situations. The unpredictability and uniqueness of negotiations, the peculiarities of the interaction of subjects in professionally significant situations, crisis situations, the need for interpersonal confrontation requires knowledge, stable skills, flexibility in the course of dialogue, and all this is the result of serious targeted professional, psychological training. The result of the preparation is the formation and development of a negotiation culture, which is formed as a result of negotiations of various degrees of complexity, which allows modeling various crisis situations of interaction between subjects.

ІNNOVATIVE MODEL OF HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT REGULATION

It is proposed to consider the cluster policy in the field of health care development as an informal entity that unites leading companies, various research and educational organizations and other unanimous institutions on a voluntary basis. The peculiarities of the implementation of the cluster policy of the state are that it combines industrial, socio-economic and regional policies. In methodological terms, the study of the formation and implementation of state cluster policy in the field of health care development should take place in the following areas: identification of mechanisms for managing the development of health care; analysis of the implementation of such mechanisms; conducting research on current problems that arise in the implementation of state health development policy; various strategic directions for the development of health care and improving its quality to the required level of world standards. In particular, the state's cluster policy pursues goals that intersect closely with society, government, and business to promote the health of the entire population, manage the development of health care, develop appropriate infrastructure both directly in the health care sector and in some of its specific parts, open access to innovations and technologies and more. The peculiarity of the organization of the cluster is its members, who are not part of it in absolute terms, but only its part, designed to achieve the goal (this is its difference from the general system approach). The organizational structure of the system of state cluster policy in the field of health care development is presented, which allows to regulate the issues of balanced socio-economic development of the country, assessment of its investment attractiveness, level of economic independence, and stability of cluster institutions and other tasks. Keywords: cluster policy, health, management, mechanisms, development.

Psychosocial peer mediation as sustainable method for conflict prevention and management among refugee communities in Germany

AbstractFollowing the arrival of over 1.2 million refugees and asylum seekers since the 2015 European refugee crisis, Germany has faced enormous humanitarian and societal challenges, with direct implications for participatory peace‐building efforts at the local community level. A multitude of postmigration stressors and high prevalence of mental health conditions among refugees contribute to the substantial burden of daily conflicts in refugee shelters and communities. Ongoing exposure to a conflict‐prone environment, psychological distress and stigmatization among community members can severely impair the quality of life and aggravate existing health‐related, socio‐economic and integrational challenges. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of individual alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and mental health literacy (MHL) interventions in refugee settings. As interpersonal conflict and psychological well‐being constitute mutually interdependent phenomena, integrated methodologies combining ADR with MHL may offer unique value to affected vulnerable populations. However, systemic implementation of such mechanisms in refugee shelters has remained largely unexplored. In recognition of this unmet need and as part of the nonprofit organization R3SOLUTE, we have developed a tailored educational curriculum directed at equipping refugees in shelters and their local neighbor citizens with peer mediation‐based ADR and MHL skills. In this multidisciplinary bottom‐up approach, termed psychosocial peer mediation (PPM), participants learn to effectively manage and prevent conflicts in their own communities. Based on our field experience with implementing PPM in numerous refugee shelters across Germany between 2018 and 2021, we here provide relevant practical insights and discuss best practices, with a focus on addressing existing challenges and opportunities in the field.

STATE CLUSTER POLICY IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT

It is proposed to consider the cluster policy in the field of health care development as an informal entity that unites leading companies, various research and educational organizations and other unanimous institutions on a voluntary basis. The peculiarities of the implementation of the cluster policy of the state are that it combines industrial, socio-economic and regional policies. In methodological terms, the study of the formation and implementation of state cluster policy in the field of health care development should take place in the following areas: identification of mechanisms for managing the development of health care; analysis of the implementation of such mechanisms; conducting research on current problems that arise in the implementation of state health development policy; various strategic directions for the development of health care and improving its quality to the required level of world standards. In particular, the state's cluster policy pursues goals that intersect closely with society, government and business to promote the health of the entire population, manage the development of health care, develop appropriate infrastructure both directly in the health care sector and in some of its specific parts, open access to innovations and technologies and more. The peculiarity of the organization of the cluster is its members, who are not part of it in absolute terms, but only its part, designed to achieve the goal (this is its difference from the general system approach). The organizational structure of the system of state cluster policy in the field of health care development is presented, which allows to regulate the issues of balanced socio-economic development of the country, assessment of its investment attractiveness, level of economic independence and stability of cluster institutions and other tasks. Key words: cluster policy, health, management, mechanisms, development.

Patent Box Regime: possibilities of implementation in the Russian practice of profit taxation

The subject of this research is the foreign experience of stimulating innovation activity of the companies via introduction of Patent Box Regime. The author underlines the importance of this mechanism as a measure for supporting the actors of the innovation economy on the stages of introducing innovations into production, and making profit from the efficient use of intellectual capital. The author analyzes the international statistics of acquisition of patents and key elements of preferential taxation of their income. Based on the collected material, the author examines the possibilities of implementation of such mechanism in the Russian practice. Special attention is given to the potential consequences of granting new incentives from the perspective of formation of the revenue part of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The main result of this research consists in the development of a specific taxation regime for income from the use of intellectual property objects to be implemented in the Russian Federation. The author believes that the optimal mechanism is a deduction of up to 40% of qualified incomes from the corporate income tax base; at the same time, the incentive should not lead to the decrease of federal budget receipts. As sources of covering the shortfall in budget revenues of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the author considers the abolition of reduced tax rates for certain categories of taxpayers, as well as the extension of the limit on the transfer of loss, The conclusion is made on feasibility of implementation of Patent Box Regime in Russia considering foreign experience and domestic specificity of the country.

Patients' Perceptions of Different Information Exchange Mechanisms: An Exploratory Study in the United States.

Patients may seek health care services from various providers during treatment. These providers could serve in a network (affiliated) or practice separately (unaffiliated). Thus, using secure and reliable health information exchange (HIE) mechanisms would be critical to transfer sensitive personal health information (PHI) across distances. Studying patients' perceptions and opinions about exchange mechanisms could help health care providers build more complete HIEs' databases and develop robust privacy policies, consent processes, and patient education programs. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, we aim to shed more light on public perspectives (benefits, concerns, and risks) associated with the four data exchange practices in the health care sector. In this study, we compared public perceptions and expectations regarding four common types of exchange mechanisms used in the United States (i.e., traditional, direct, query-based, patient-mediated exchange mechanisms). Traditional is an exchange through fax, paper mailing, or phone calls, direct is a provider-to-provider exchange, query-based is sharing patient data with a central repository, and patient-mediated is an exchange mechanism in which patients can access data and monitor sharing. Data were collected from 1,624 subjects using an online survey to examine the benefits, risks, and concerns associated with the four exchange mechanisms from patients' perspectives. Findings indicate that several concerns and risks such as privacy concerns, security risks, trust issues, and psychological risks are raised. Besides, multiple benefits such as access to complete information, communication improvement, timely and convenient information sharing, cost-saving, and medical error reduction are highlighted by respondents. Through consideration of all risks and benefits associated with the four exchange mechanisms, the direct HIE mechanism was selected by respondents as the most preferred mechanism of information exchange among providers. More than half of the respondents (56.18%) stated that overall they favored direct exchange over the other mechanisms. 42.70% of respondents expected to be more likely to share their PHI with health care providers who implemented and utilized a direct exchange mechanism. 43.26% of respondents believed that they would support health care providers to leverage a direct HIE mechanism for sharing their PHI with other providers. The results exhibit that individuals expect greater benefits and fewer adverse effects from direct HIE among health care providers. Overall, the general public sentiment is more in favor of direct data transfer. Our results highlight that greater public trust in exchange mechanisms is required, and information privacy and security risks must be addressed before the widespread implementation of such mechanisms. This exploratory study's findings could be interesting for health care providers and HIE policymakers to analyze how consumers perceive the current exchange mechanisms, what concerns should be addressed, and how the exchange mechanisms could be modified to meet consumers' needs.

Asimetría del conflicto y mecanismos alternos de diálogo y negociación en Venezuela (2002-2019)

Durante los últimos veinte años, la conflictividad política en Venezuela ha conllevado la implementación de al menos cinco mecanismos alternos de diálogo y negociación con participación internacional. Sus resultados han sido limitados y no han logrado la transformación positiva y sostenible de la conflictividad. En este artículo se argumenta que la asimetría presente entre las coaliciones enfrentadas ha sido un factor determinante en el conflicto y por lo general subestimado al implementar dichos mecanismos.

NEW DISCOVERIES IN THE MECHANISMS OF INTERFERON-DEPENDENT CONTROL OF LATENT ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS IN SENSORY GANGLIA. REVIEW

Relevance. The study of the mechanisms of immune surveillance over latent alpha herpesvirus in the sensory nerve ganglia is an important task of clinical immunology, since the data obtained during such studies may help to develop effective approaches to immunotherapy of recurrent and/or severe forms of herpes infections by restoring lost immune control over latent pathogens. Objective: to conduct a systematic review of the results of studies devoted to the study of mechanisms of intraganglionar and intraneuronal protection over latent alpha herpesvirus in sensory nerve ganglia, to develop a modern concept of immune surveillance in human alpha herpesvirus infections. Methods. Review of scientific publications in the international electronic science databases PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted on the keywords «alpha herpesviruses», «Toll-like receptor type 3», «natural killers», «natural killer T-cells», «intraganglionar immunity», «intraneuronal immunity» for the full time available (1972-2014). Results. The article presents modern data on interferon-dependent mechanisms of control of latent alpha herpesvirus in sensory nerve ganglia. The system of the intraganglionar control presented by resident natural killers, natural killer T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells that are part of the satellite cells of the nerve node, and the system of intraneuronal defense contained in the centripetal fibers and presented by cascade system TLR-3 , the activation of which promote the production of interferons type I. Genetic or acquired abnormalities in intraganglionar and intraneuronal immunity systems are the cause of the development of recurrent and/or severe forms of infections caused by alpha herpesviruses in humans. Preparations of natural and recombinant alpha interferons and interferonogens are potentially useful agents in the target immunotherapy of disorders in intraganglionar and intraneuronal immunity in immunocompromised patients with severe forms of alpha herpesvirus infections. Conclusions. In the human body there are highly organized intraganglionar and intraneirononal immune control systems for latent alpha herpesviruses. The activity of these systems ensures the long stay of the virus in a latent state in the sensory nerve ganglia, and the disturbanses of the implementation of such mechanisms is responsible for reactivation of the virus from the latent state with subsequent damage to the skin, mucous membranes and/or the central nervous system.

NEW DISCOVERIES IN THE MECHANISMS OF INTERFERON-DEPENDENT CONTROL OF LATENT ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS IN SENSORY GANGLIA. REVIEW

Relevance. The study of the mechanisms of immune surveillance over latent alpha herpesvirus in the sensory nerve ganglia is an important task of clinical immunology, since the data obtained during such studies may help to develop effective approaches to immunotherapy of recurrent and/or severe forms of herpes infections by restoring lost immune control over latent pathogens.
 Objective: to conduct a systematic review of the results of studies devoted to the study of mechanisms of intraganglionar and intraneuronal protection over latent alpha herpesvirus in sensory nerve ganglia, to develop a modern concept of immune surveillance in human alpha herpesvirus infections.
 Methods. Review of scientific publications in the international electronic science databases PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted on the keywords «alpha herpesviruses», «Toll-like receptor type 3», «natural killers», «natural killer T-cells», «intraganglionar immunity», «intraneuronal immunity» for the full time available (1972-2014).
 Results. The article presents modern data on interferon-dependent mechanisms of control of latent alpha herpesvirus in sensory nerve ganglia. The system of the intraganglionar control presented by resident natural killers, natural killer T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells that are part of the satellite cells of the nerve node, and the system of intraneuronal defense contained in the centripetal fibers and presented by cascade system TLR-3 , the activation of which promote the production of interferons type I. Genetic or acquired abnormalities in intraganglionar and intraneuronal immunity systems are the cause of the development of recurrent and/or severe forms of infections caused by alpha herpesviruses in humans. Preparations of natural and recombinant alpha interferons and interferonogens are potentially useful agents in the target immunotherapy of disorders in intraganglionar and intraneuronal immunity in immunocompromised patients with severe forms of alpha herpesvirus infections.
 Conclusions. In the human body there are highly organized intraganglionar and intraneirononal immune control systems for latent alpha herpesviruses. The activity of these systems ensures the long stay of the virus in a latent state in the sensory nerve ganglia, and the disturbanses of the implementation of such mechanisms is responsible for reactivation of the virus from the latent state with subsequent damage to the skin, mucous membranes and/or the central nervous system.

A Framework for Evaluating the Resilience of Dynamic Real-Time Market Mechanisms

Fluctuations in renewable generation motivate a need for real-time coordination of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as demand response resources. Dynamic real-time market mechanisms are a promising approach to facilitate coordination of DERs. However, the implementation of such mechanisms over a large geographic region requires communication across networks which can introduce non-negligible latency, congestion, and packet loss. Such network disruptions raise questions regarding grid resilience, especially, when combined with physical outages. In this paper, we propose a framework for evaluating the resilience of dynamic real-time market mechanisms under a variety of network scenarios that are indicative of real-time implementation challenges. We develop a non-dimensional metric, which takes into account the impact of a physical contingency, and can be used to evaluate the ability of a dynamic market mechanism to adapt to and recover from this contingency. We evaluate the resilience of a recently proposed dynamic real-time market mechanism on the IEEE 118-bus system following a single generator outage in the presence of communication outages.

Detección y diagnóstico de fallas mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial, un estado del arte

Este artículo presenta el estado actual de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y su aplicación al campo de la detección y diagnóstico de fallas en sistemas dinámicos. Inicialmente, se hace una breve descripción de lo que se considera un mecanismo de detección y diagnóstico de fallas, y se explican los enfoques actuales de estudio y aplicación de tales mecanismos. Posteriormente, se presentan los resultados más importantes de las diferentes técnicas de inteligencia artificial aplicadas a la detección y diagnóstico de fallas. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis comparativo con base en las características deseables de los mecanismos de detección y diagnóstico de fallas. El artículo concluye mencionando los beneficios de la clasificación de las técnicas presentadas y enumerando las posibles vías hacia donde debe ir la investigación en este campo.

THE RISE OF “INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS” WITHIN THE GREEN ECONOMY

The flexibility mechanisms introduced by the Kyoto Protocol on climate change promote the realization of climate change related investment projects which aim to contribute both to the fight against climate change as well as to foster sustainable development patterns in host countries. At first glance, the flexibility mechanisms seem to represent paradigmatic examples of green economy instruments which have numerous potential benefits. However, the implementation of such mechanisms may give rise to some negative environmental externalities which have the consequence of creating a new type of investment versus environment conflict, characterized by a new form of conflict with an internal environmental dimension. This “internal environmental conflict” seems to represent an evolution of the traditional investment versus environment conflict in which the presence of climate change related interests has the potential to paradoxically reinforce the investment side of the controversy and reduce the strength of the opposed environmental side. These new internal environmental conflicts cannot be properly managed by the traditional criteria and instruments that have so far been used to deal with traditional investment versus environment conflicts. Therefore, it seems that in order to efficiently manage and solve such new types of conflicts, a new interpretative paradigm must be adopted which consists of the concept of ecological sustainability. The use of such a new interpretative paradigm should ensure the ecological sustainability of climate change related investments by making sure that they can promote global climate change related goals while, at the same time, not endangering the local environment where the relevant projects are located.

Methodology for geospatial data source discovery in ontology-driven geo-information integration architectures

Due to advances in information, communication and sensing technologies, the amount of generated geospatial information is constantly growing. Since geospatial information is generated and made available over the Internet by different stakeholders, heterogeneity of geospatial data and geospatial data sources becomes inevitable. This heterogeneity of globally available geospatial data sources introduces great challenges for individuals who are trying to discover and assemble geospatial data from distributed geospatial data sources. From the standpoint of individuals who do not belong to Geo-Information System (GIS) realm but belong to a group of geoportal users group, the process of discovering and accessing heterogeneous geospatial data has proven to be a difficult one to govern. Since geoportals are foreseen as single points of discovery and access to geo-information, geoportal users expect geoportal to provide them with a mechanism to easily find (discover) what they are searching for, using their own language. Such mechanism would significantly improve the usability of a geoportal and user satisfaction. The implementation of such mechanism highly depends on the infrastructure a geoportal relies on—an interoperable geo-information dissemination environment.To enhance discoverability of geospatial data and lay the knowledge foundation that can be used for geoportal usability improvement, scientists and engineers have developed interoperable geoinformation dissemination environments based on the following approaches: syntactic standardization and semantic annotation of Web-accessible geo-information sources, and ontology-driven geoinformation integration. Despite these approaches enhance discovery of heterogeneous and distributed geospatial data sources, there are still some issues which should be addressed to make geospatial data sources fully discoverable. As an example, in most cases geoportal users are not provided with an explicit description of the meaning of geospatial resources or may not know what keywords they should use to discover appropriate geo-information.Given these challenges, we have defined a novel methodology used for geoportal usability improvement. Our methodology is foreseen to be used within geoportals relying on ontology-driven geo-information integration architectures. An approach implemented within this methodology utilizes terms extracted from a natural language description of geo-information, defined by the end users. User-defined description is disambiguated through means of a combination of unsupervised word sense disambiguation methods. Once disambiguated, this description is matched with the sense of the (domain/local) ontology concept names. The matching process is performed through semantic similarity measurement between disambiguated user-defined description and the sense of the (domain/local) ontology concepts.Our methodology simplifies geospatial data discovery and can be easily implemented because it uses ontological components of the underlying architectures in their original form. The methodology we describe in this paper will be discussed in the context of similar prominent solutions. Also, this paper will present a prototype which will demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The implemented prototype is a stand-alone desktop application, which uses two resources as input: userdefined geo-information description and (domain/local) ontologies developed using Web Ontology Language (OWL). We will provide an overview of benefits over approaches that have been previously used for geospatial data discovery and offer guidelines for future improvement and development.

Determining Parameters for Images Amplification by Pulses Interpolation

This paper presents the implementation of a method for image samples interpolation based on a physical scanning model. It uses the theory to take digital image samples and to perform an implementation of such mechanism through software. This allows us to get the appropriate parameters for the images amplification using a truncated sampler arrangement. The shown process copies the physical model of image acquisition in order to incorporate the required samples for the amplification. This process is useful in the reconstruction of details in low resolution images and for images compression. The proposed method studies the conservation of high frequency in the high resolution plane for the generation of the amplification kernel. A new way of direct application of the physical model for scanning images in analytic mode is presented.

Methodology for Geospatial Data Source Discovery in Ontology-Driven Geo-Information Integration Architectures

Due to advances in information, communication and sensing technologies, the amount of generated geospatial information is constantly growing. Since geospatial information is generated and made available over the Internet by different stakeholders, heterogeneity of geospatial data and geospatial data sources becomes inevitable. This heterogeneity of globally available geospatial data sources introduces great challenges for individuals who are trying to discover and assemble geospatial data from distributed geospatial data sources. From the standpoint of individuals who do not belong to Geo-Information System (GIS) realm but belong to a group of geoportal users group, the process of discovering and accessing heterogeneous geospatial data has proven to be a difficult one to govern. Since geoportals are foreseen as single points of discovery and access to geo-information, geoportal users expect geoportal to provide them with a mechanism to easily find (discover) what they are searching for, using their own language. Such mechanism would significantly improve the usability of a geoportal and user satisfaction. The implementation of such mechanism highly depends on the infrastructure a geoportal relies on—an interoperable geo-information dissemination environment. To enhance discoverability of geospatial data and lay the knowledge foundation that can be used for geoportal usability improvement, scientists and engineers have developed interoperable geoinformation dissemination environments based on the following approaches: syntactic standardization and semantic annotation of Web-accessible geo-information sources, and ontology-driven geoinformation integration. Despite these approaches enhance discovery of heterogeneous and distributed geospatial data sources, there are still some issues which should be addressed to make geospatial data sources fully discoverable. As an example, in most cases geoportal users are not provided with an explicit description of the meaning of geospatial resources or may not know what keywords they should use to discover appropriate geo-information. Given these challenges, we have defined a novel methodology used for geoportal usability improvement. Our methodology is foreseen to be used within geoportals relying on ontology-driven geo-information integration architectures. An approach implemented within this methodology utilizes terms extracted from a natural language description of geo-information, defined by the end users. User-defined description is disambiguated through means of a combination of unsupervised word sense disambiguation methods. Once disambiguated, this description is matched with the sense of the (domain/local) ontology concept names. The matching process is performed through semantic similarity measurement between disambiguated user-defined description and the sense of the (domain/local) ontology concepts. Our methodology simplifies geospatial data discovery and can be easily implemented because it uses ontological components of the underlying architectures in their original form. The methodology we describe in this paper will be discussed in the context of similar prominent solutions. Also, this paper will present a prototype which will demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The implemented prototype is a stand-alone desktop application, which uses two resources as input: userdefined geo-information description and (domain/local) ontologies developed using Web Ontology Language (OWL). We will provide an overview of benefits over approaches that have been previously used for geospatial data discovery and offer guidelines for future improvement and development.

Risk Assessment of Investments in Energy-only and Capacity Markets

This paper addresses the long term challenges of electricity markets. First, the economic theory of the missing money problem is outlined. Additionally, a risk assessment of different market designs is pursued. Finally, we will conclude that both market and regulatory risks are important issues of the discussion. Due to the relatively high complexity of capacity markets it can be expected that there will be changes to the market design and to relevant parameters - in particular shortly after the first implementation of such mechanisms. This might increase the uncertainty perceived by investors. However, if the period of validity is long enough, i.e. the investors can calculate with a relatively stable revenue stream, a capacity market might be an instrument for reducing the risks perceived by investors and hence for facilitating the financing of investments in new energy generation capacity.

Nanoparticle-Filled Complex Colloidosomes for Tunable Cargo Release

Capsules with a shell made out of nanoparticles, so-called colloidosomes, are very interesting for controlled encapsulation and release because of their selectively permeable shell, their mechanical stability, and the possibility to make them from many materials. Here, we report the creation of complex colloidosomes that can release encapsulated cargo on-demand in single or multiple release events. Unprecedented on-demand, multiple release is achieved by incorporating functional nanoparticles within the colloidosome hollow core. The entrapped nanoparticles enable pH-triggered release by either swelling to rupture the capsule shell in one single event or desorbing on-demand cargo molecules initially adsorbed on their surface. Implementation of such mechanisms in capsules with magnetically responsive shells enabled the creation of colloidosomes exhibiting unique spatiotemporal control of cargo release.

Water, resilience and the law: From general concepts and governance design principles to actionable mechanisms

• Reviews literature on law and resilience, adaptive governance and management. • Discusses practical examples of legal mechanisms for adaptive water resources management. • Assesses aptness of different measures according to different levels of uncertainty. • General design principles are operationalised in legislative frameworks. • Monitoring, data sharing, financial and technical capacity are pre-requisites. Climate change has significant ramifications for water law and governance, yet, there is strong evidence that legal regulations have often failed to protect environments or promote sustainable development. Scholars have increasingly suggested that the preservation and restoration paradigms of legislation and regulation are no longer adequate for climate change related challenges in complex and cross-scale social-ecological systems. This is namely due to past assumptions of stationarity, uniformitarianism and the perception of ecosystem change as predictable and reversible. This paper reviews the literature on law and resilience and then presents and discusses a set of practical examples of legal mechanisms from the water resources management sector, identified according to a set of guiding principles from the literature on adaptive capacity, adaptive governance as well as adaptive and integrated water resources management. It then assesses the aptness of these different measures according to scientific evidence of increased uncertainty and changing ecological baselines. A review of the best practice examples demonstrates that there are a number of best practice examples attempting to integrate adaptive elements of flexibility, iterativity, connectivity and subsidiarity into a variety of legislative mechanisms, suggesting that there is not as significant a tension between resilience and the law as many scholars have suggested. However, while many of the mechanisms may indeed be suitable for addressing challenges relating to current levels of change and uncertainty, analysis across a broader range of uncertainty highlights challenges relating to more irreversible changes associated with greater levels of warming. Furthermore the paper identifies a set of pre-requisites that are fundamental to the successful implementation of such mechanisms, namely monitoring and data sharing, financial and technical capacity, particularly in nations that are most at risk with the least data infrastructure. The article aims to contribute to both theory and practice, enabling policy makers to translate resilience based terminology and adaptive governance principles into clear instructions for incorporating uncertainty into legislation and policy design.

Organizational Communication Practices of a Multinational Company

Abstract - The modern business landscape can be characterized as complex, dynamic and evolving. Successful companies in their respective industries, are able to adapt internally to their external environment with the help of an effective organizational communication framework. The implementation of such mechanism is a tangible tool organizations can use in order to gain competitive advantage in this new era of constant innovation and reinvention of products and services. This study examines the effectiveness of the organizational communication practices of a multinational corporation and how the various components of the firm benefit significantly from the utilization of effective organizational practices. The organizational communication practices are clustered as: source of information, preferred mode of communication and delivery of information. The quantitative method of research specifically the descriptive normative survey was used. A researcher made questionnaire validated by a panel of experts was utilized as the primary source of information. Unstructured interviews were likewise conducted to support the data generated from the survey instruments. The findings revealed that the organizational communication practices of the company were generally viewed to be effective in cultivating an environment of mutual respect and high productivity. However, there were certain aspects of the said practices that needed to be reinforced so as to improve goodwill among the employees leading to excellent organizational performance. Keywords - Organizational Communication, Source of Information, Mode of Communication, Delivery of Information, multinational company, communication practices, excellent organizational performance.