Implementation Of Such Innovations Research Articles

Understanding cross-sectoral innovations for urban water management through the lens of organizational ambidexterity

ABSTRACT Urban water systems worldwide need integrated, cross-sectoral innovations to anticipate developments like climate change and population growth. Development and implementation of such innovations is challenging due to the operational and sectoral mindset of organizations in which these innovations take place. This study uses the concept of ambidexterity to get a better understanding of how organizations responsible for urban water management deal with the tension between operation and the need for innovation. We focused on Amsterdam and Rotterdam, two Dutch cities that are global frontrunners in urban water management. Combining a desk study with 25 semi-structured interviews, we found four mechanisms to manage innovation and operation tensions: network, hierarchical, process and human-resource mechnanisms. Different from the literature on ambidexterity, our empirical findings show that the connection between operation and innovation is dominated by networks rather than by executives. Hierarchical mechanisms could be used to complement this, catalyzing innovation or formalizing it.

АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ВИРОБНИЦТВІ

The article examines the economic essence of innovations in production and their structure. The role of economic resources in the process of implementing innovations in production is determined. Implementation of such innovations is carried out through the implementation of relevant innovation and investment projects in all spheres and branches of the national economy. The process of systematic, planned and effective implementation of the mentioned projects will ensure the innovative recovery of the Ukrainian economy, which determines the relevance of the topic of the article. Innovation in production is the replacement of one or more economic resources by another, more efficient economic resource. The result of this kind of innovation is a reduction in production costs. The economic structure of innovation in production is formed by its two components. The component of innovation in production of the first type is aimed at replacing one traditional resource with another traditional resource. This refers to the replacement of labor resources with capital or the replacement of capital resources with other (cheaper) capital resources. The component of innovation in production of the second type is the replacement of both traditional production resources (both labor and capital) with a new economic resource – innovative. An innovative resource is a qualitatively new production factor. It is formed through the transformation of intellectual and informational resources (which are not economic resources due to their limited nature). This transformation takes place under the influence of entrepreneurial resources in the process of commercialization of innovations. Innovations in the production of a high specific gravity component of the second type are new or improved technologies. It is with the component of innovation in production of the second type that the prospect of social development based on innovation is primarily connected. Like all other factors of production, the innovation resource forms a factor income – innovation rent. The process of formation of innovative rent is associated with significant risks. However, in case of success, the amount of innovative rent per invested resource can significantly exceed traditional factor income (rent, interest, business income). It is this circumstance that drives the activation of innovative activities of business entities.

ANTI-PATTERNS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDING: DOES JUDICIAL PROCEEDING IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS NEED A STAGE «PREPARATORY PROCEEDING»

«Preparatory proceeding» as a stage of judicial proceeding, must reflect their role, which cannot be an imposition on the overall judicial proceeding. Each stage of the process has its own tasks and goals. It is impossible to identify the stages of the process, as their semantic load is different and aimed at achieving a different goal. Obviously, all of the court’s preparatory actions must be aimed at organizing future trial. The rights of the parties and participants of criminal proceedings must be taken into account, who could file their petitions and statements before the beginning of the trial, regarding the measures to ensure the criminal process, provision of evidence and notification of the line of defense and prosecution in the trial. Such actions can obviously be accomplished without any separate stages of proceeding, since most court cases do not need the separate attention of the court to achieve the purposes of organizing the trial. In its current legislative meaning, «Preparatory proceeding» accordingly is an obvious anti-pattern of the criminal process, because it has lost all its necessary elements and procedures, which should have contributed to the proceeding. The mechanical administration of justice at this stage of the process merely fulfills a procedural rite of passage. In fact, this stage of the process has become a rudiment that delays criminal proceedings. In the article the author proposes eliminating such stage of the trial as «Preparatory proceeding» or transforming it into an optional stage (at the discretion of the court) to provide judicial proceedings with more effective means. Additionally European legislation, in which even if the stage of proceedings such as «Preparatory proceeding» is inherent, is also being analyzed, it is effective and necessary only where it is seen by the judge as reasonable. It is common sense and reasonable independence in decision-making that Ukrainian criminal procedure lacks. The implementation of such innovations is bound to affect both the efficiency of the court proceedings and to improve the procedure of the court proceedings itself. In addition, such changes will not affect the scope of rights of the parties to criminal proceedings; on the contrary, the parties to criminal proceedings and its participants may exercise their rights regarding the organization of the process and its course either in a free form before or at the first court hearing, by filing petitions, applications and relevant evidence or at the first court session. It is possible to create normative mechanisms based on the example of the European legislation, which would allow the presiding judge at his discretion, depending on the circumstances of criminal proceedings, to conduct preparatory proceedings or immediately move to the stage of trial. Key words: criminal procedure, criminal proceeding, preparatory proceeding, judicial proceeding, effective judicial proceeding, anti-pattern.

ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПІДХОДІВ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ ГОТЕЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ В УМОВАХ ЗОВНІШНІХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article mentions that in today's difficult conditions, approaches to personnel management should be changed. It is described that each innovation is aimed at facilitating the work of employees, improving the provision of services and attracting new guests. The driving force behind the implementation of such innovations is the personnel and their personnel potential. However, in the context of changes in society's demands for the quality and range of hotel services and a highly competitive business environment, hotel managers and HR specialists are faced with an additional difficulty: they have to form teams of employees belonging to different generations with different expectations and work methods. This greatly complicates the selection of personnel, team formation, selection of training and motivation programs for employees, which became the main task investigated in this article. The article states that the sphere of the hotel industry is primarily the sphere of services, the quality of which directly depends on the efficiency of the company's personnel. In such conditions, in our opinion, one of the effective tools that help to understand the fundamental values of people of different ages is the Theory of Generations. The article examines the concept of "quarantine hotels", which were reoriented for temporary accommodation of persons forced to stay in quarantine. These and other studies show that negative changes in the external environment of the hotel business have brought new trends in the system of managing the motivation of personnel potential. In particular, a new norm has appeared - social responsibility in the conditions of quarantine restrictions. This led to an increase in prestige and respect for hotel workers. In other words, the image of the hospitality sector has improved somewhat in terms of the professional identity of the industry, which has become more socially significant in today's society, given the high-risk work environment. In order to ensure the efficiency and coherence of the work of any company of the XXI century. and the development of a new motivation system that takes into account the unstable external environment, the theory of generations should be taken into account and used to obtain a positive result of the hotel business enterprise.

Standardization and Standard Essential Patents for Public Good: Application in Automotive Industry

The majority of patents related to automotive safety systems are owned by a limited number of companies. Absorption and implementation of such innovations in large markets require solutions that would go beyond what is protected through exclusive means viz. patents. Taking learnings from the field of communication, wherein by implementing what is known as standard-essential patents, a horizontal deployment of a similar concept is required in other areas, most notably, automotive safety systems is necessitated. This study aims to explore the need for a practical approach to a broader technological, commercial, and social cause.

Uptake Rates of Novel Therapies and Survival Among Privately Insured Versus Publicly Insured Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Germany

Background: In the era of personalized medicine, cancer care is subject to major changes and innovations. It is unclear, however, to what extent implementation of such innovations and their impact on patient outcomes differ by health insurance type. This study compared provision of treatment and survival outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who had statutory health insurance (SHI) versus private health insurance (PHI) in Germany. Methods: We analyzed patterns of CRC treatment (surgery, chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and targeted therapy) and survival in a large cohort of patients who were diagnosed with CRC in 2003 through 2014 and were observed for an average of 6 years. Associations of type of health insurance with treatment administration and with overall, CRC-specific, and recurrence-free survival were investigated using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Results: Of 3,977 patients with CRC, 427 (11%) had PHI. Although type of health insurance was not associated with treatment administration in patients with stage I–III disease, those with stage IV disease with PHI more often received targeted therapy (65% vs 40%; odds ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.20–4.91), with differences decreasing over time because of catch-up of uptake rates in patients with SHI. Median overall survival was longer in patients with PHI than in those with SHI (137.0 vs 114.9 months; P=.010), but survival advantages were explained to a large extent by differences in sociodemographic factors. In patients with stage IV disease, survival advantages of PHI were nonsignificant and were restricted to the early years after diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed major differences in uptake of targeted therapy between patients with PHI and those with SHI but no differences in patient survival after adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics. Further studies are needed on factors associated with the uptake of therapeutic innovations and their impact on patient survival by health insurance type.

Application of standard essential patents in automotive industry: An analytical perspective

AbstractA limited number of companies own the majority of patents related to automotive safety systems. Absorption and implementation of such innovations in large markets require solutions that would go beyond what is protected through exclusive means namely, patents. Taking learnings from the field of communication, wherein by implementing what is known as standard‐essential patents, a horizontal deployment of a similar concept is required in other areas, most notably, automotive safety systems are necessitated. This study aims to explore the need for a practical approach to a broader technological, commercial, and social cause.

Monitoring and auditing the local socio-economic and environmental impacts of the early stage construction of Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station, UK

ABSTRACT Major projects, in sectors such as transport, energy, minerals and water, have long life cycles and can have significant local and regional environmental and socio-economic impacts. The impacts of the construction stage can be particularly damaging, if not managed well. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) seeks to anticipate such impacts, mitigate adverse and enhance positive impacts through design innovations and associated conditions. However, the approach is only as good as the implementation of such innovations and conditions. The issue of monitoring and auditing of actual, as against predicted, impacts is an Achilles heel in the planning and assessment process. Hinkley Point C (HPC) nuclear power station in the UK is currently one of the largest construction projects in Europe. A recent study of the live project provides a unique insight into the actual local impacts of the early construction years, and appropriate methods of assessment. It identifies KPIs, examines monitoring data, and audits findings against the predictions. The results show varying performance across key impact sectors. Explanations of differences are set out, together with recommendations for improving monitoring and auditing practice.

Towardprecision health: applying artificial intelligence analytics to digital health biometric datasets.

The rapid development of digital health devices has enabled patients to engage in their care to an unprecedented degree and holds the possibility of significantly improving the diagnosis, treatmentand monitoring of many medical conditions. Combined with the emergence of artificial intelligence algorithms, biometric datasets produced from these digital health devices present new opportunities to create precision-based, personalized approaches for healthcare delivery. For effective implementation of such innovations to patient care, clinicians will require an understanding of the types of datasets produced from digital health technologies; the types of analytic methods including feature selection, convolution neural networking, and deep learning that can be used to analyze digital data; and how the interpretation of these findings are best translated to patient care. In this perspective, we aim to provide the groundwork for clinicians to be able to apply artificial intelligence to this transformation of healthcare.

Identifying System-Related Barriers for the Development and Implementation of Eco-Innovation in the German Horticultural Sector

The implementation of eco-innovations can be a strategy to combine economic benefit and reduce negative environmental impact. German greenhouse production is highly energy intensive, as heating and energy account for the second largest cost factor. Thus, the sector wants to develop and implement eco-innovations to speed up the process towards increased sustainability. In this paper, a sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) analysis is presented to identify and describe interrelated systemic barriers for developing and implementing such innovations into the sector. The SSI was used as an analytical framework, which enabled covering different system levels and components in the research in order to draw a comprehensive picture of this specific innovation environment. A mixed-methods, explorative approach was used: a literature analysis, followed by an expert workshop and semi-structured expert interviews, was conducted to understand the barriers for development and implementation of such innovations. A SWOT workshop assisted in generalizing results from selected innovation examples. A complementary two-wave Delphi study was used to identify innovation activity, important actors, policies and drivers within horticulture. Based on these data, we were able to identify different barrier-types, showing how they are interconnected and affect innovation processes increasing ecological modernization of the sector.

Innovation and typicality in localised agri-food systems: the case of PDO Parmigiano Reggiano

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants and the impact of some of the more significant innovations applied to the localised agri-food systems (LAFSs) bearing a (Geographical indication) GI product, considering the multi-faceted aspects of innovation and how the producers have managed the implementation of such innovations.Design/methodology/approachParmigiano Reggiano (PR) system is considered as a representative GI product, with the system showing the features of an LAFS in terms of governance, territorial reputation and quality perceived by consumers. PR innovations from 1860 to 2015 are analyszed and classified as technological and organisational. Three determinants of innovations are identified in the PR LAFS: consumer needs; value chain (VC) strategies; and governance. Finally, the innovation impact on the VC, product quality and rural development are studied.FindingsThe analysis shows the positive and negative impacts of innovations. The main finding is that governance action is crucial to pursuing quality strategies and maintaining economic value at production level.Research limitations/implicationsThe research analyses some of the more significant innovations applied to the PR VC. Despite a large number of innovations were introduced from 1860, the authors had to choose just some of them, considering also the availability of dates.Practical implicationsThe research gives some recommendation to the PR Consortium, in specific, or governance institutions in LAFS context in general, to achieve rural development goals. The research shows that governance action is crucial to pursuing quality strategy and to maintaining economic value at production level. This implies that instead of simply raising yield per cow, the VC should aim at increasing (or maintaining) the value of production by the way of marketing strategies. Organisational, marketing and technological innovations adopted in synergy and in joint agreement among the chain actors would bring mutual benefit for the VC and for the territory.Social implicationsThe research shows the trade-off between VC competiveness and rural development. In fact, the increase of VC competiveness involves a growth of cost of production and the decrease of labour force. Thus, it creates a loss of employee and increases the distance between dairies with high amount of capital and familiar/smaller dairies which have low amount of capital to invert, that obstructs rural development especially in disadvantage area.Originality/valueThe paper analyses the determinants and the impact of some of the more significant innovations applied to LAFS which are home to a GI product, considering the multi-faceted aspects of innovation and how producers have managed the implementation of such innovations. It underlines implication on territory and sustainability.

INNOVATIVE VECTORS OF BANKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. In a context of increasing competition in the banking sector, the systematic introduction of advanced products and technologies is a key to successful implementation of business models and the effective conquest and maintenance of relevant segments of the financial market. Therefore, the necessary condition for the effective operation of banks is the development and implementation of an appropriate innovation strategy aimed primarily at optimizing management of resource potential, better meeting existing customer needs, as well as the development and technical improvement of services for an adequate response to all new market demands in accordance with economic changes in the globalized environment. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to substantiate and systematize theoretical views on understanding the essence and main directions of development of the banking system on an innovative basis. The formation of an effective management system for innovation activities should become the most important condition for ensuring the efficiency of the work of commercial banks and achieving their competitive advantage both in the domestic market and in the globalized financial space. Results. The basic theoretical approaches to the assessment of the essence of innovation activity of banks are analyzed and systematized, and the necessity of its consideration from institutional positions for assessing the effectiveness of innovations is determined. The main vectors of activation of the innovation process in commercial banks are substantiated: 1) introduction of innovative banking products and improvement of existing services capable of satisfying the broadest possible range of consumers’ needs in the financial market; 2) change of the concept of advancement of banking services to the users, introduction of innovative methods of their sales and the latest marketing strategies; 3) modernization of organizational structures of the bank and its structural subdivisions in order to increase the efficiency of the operation and speed of implementation of management decisions. Conclusions. Banking institutions, when formulating their own strategy, should consider the innovative vector of development as the most important means of ensuring the stability of its functioning, economic growth and competitiveness, since the efficiency of the bank depends on its ability to meet certain customer’ needs. The results of implementation of such innovations may be reflected in expansion of the client base of the bank, optimization of its branch network and organizational structure, increase of the share of the financial market, reduction of transaction costs of banking operations, and also in ensuring the stability of the bank’s functioning in the long run.

STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY DEGREE OF THE ALGINATE-CALCIUM TUNIC OF CAPSULES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE USE OF MIXED IONOTROPIC THERMOTROPIC GELATION

Today scientific base of technologies of capsulated products by methods of ionotropic structuring allows to create a new segment of food industry of the Ukrainian food market. Implementation of such innovations creates preconditions for developing principles of food raw materials processing, constructing the new equipment and successful competition at the world food market. The article studies the influence of agar and low-etherified pectin in the composition of capsules, based on gel Alg2Са on the mass-transfer of substances at the expanse of thermotropic gelation. Obtained results testify to the possibility to create systems with different permeability for high- and low-molecular substances on this base. Studied systems are characterized with different speeds of releasing active substances that may be used for providing their prolonged effect on the human organism. Modification of alginate-calcium tunics of capsules with the internal fatty raw material content by using the method of mixed gelation allows to correct structural-mechanical and, as a result, organoleptic and quality parameters of capsulated products. Determination of the active acidity influence on texture parameters allows to correct a speed and regulations of releasing internal contents in zones of the gastrointestinal tract at homeostasis that allows to control physiological ability of innovative products.

Interactivity innovations, competitive intensity, customer demand and performance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify dimensions of interactivity service innovations and examine the moderating effect of external factors, i.e. customer demand and competitive intensity, on the relationship between such service innovations and service firm performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected at two levels; the first for validation; and the second for confirmatory and relationship analyses. Structural equation modeling was used in analyzing the relationship between interactivity innovation and service firm performance and environmental moderating effects. Findings The study found that high levels of interactivity innovations, in combination, drive superior performance. It was also found that deployment of high levels of interactivity innovations in high-demand periods is significantly related to high performance. The paper also found that the relationship between high interactivity innovation and financial performance is dampened by intense competition. Originality/value Unlike previous studies, this study found that it is rather high levels of service innovations that maximize performance in service firms operating in emerging economies and not just the implementation of such innovations, and that the implementation must be aligned to the prevailing environmental conditions.

Innovations in food preservation in pastoral zones.

Food preservation makes a significant contribution to food security and food safety in pastoral communities with limited access to external food sources. Raw materials are preserved by heating, drying, smoking, pickling, salting, curing or fermentation with microorganisms. This article describes preservation techniques in the pastoral context, targeting the major dietary components of milk, meat and cereals; related health risks; and potential innovations for food preservation. Sustainable elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, preventing re-contamination, sporulation and the growth of zoonotic and foodborne microorganisms, is necessary to enhance food safety and ensure food security by reducing post-harvest losses and food waste. However, modern preservation procedures are difficult to adapt to the lifestyles of pastoralists and so are rarely implemented or accepted. Innovations should therefore focus on improving existing accepted procedures by promoting synergistic combinations to compensate for the disadvantages of these traditional techniques and ensure the quality of the raw material right up until consumption. Drying and spontaneous fermentation are key preservation techniques among pastoralists that serve as opportunities for innovation and can be shared across pastoral communities. Further potential for innovation lies in the unique, largely uncharacterised, microflora biodiversity of fermented products. The characterisation, safety assessment and conservation of these microorganisms are needed to develop locally adapted starter cultures that retain or improve on the desired characteristics of the finished product. Careful sensitisation of stakeholders, the study of social acceptance and capacitybuilding at all levels are required to achieve the sustainable implementation of such innovations, which will contribute to enhanced food security and safety.

Faculty attitude and use of ICT in instructional delivery in tertiary institutions in a developing nation

This study is a survey aimed at ascertaining the attitude of academic staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State Nigeria towards the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching. It also examines their level of use of ICT for teaching and learning purposes. The paper also compares the attitude of the faculty by gender and type of the institution they teach in, i.e. college of education, polytechnic and universities. The paper tried to ascertain if attitude of faculty to ICT correlates to actual usage in the classroom. 300 academic staff members were randomly selected from lecturers in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. A set of instrument tagged ICT attitude questionnaire and ICT use questionnaire was administered to the respondents. Data collected was analysed using descriptive, inferential and correlational statistics. Findings reveal that although academic staff have positive attitude about ICT use in instruction, they however reported low level use of ICT for instructional purposes. There is no significant difference in attitude according to gender; similarly, significant differences in attitude does not exist by type of institution among the three types of tertiary institutions. Faculty attitude was found to be positively correlated with use of ICT in curriculum. The paper concludes that academic staff should embrace innovative techniques by a favourable disposition towards them which will help boost classroom implementation of such innovations.

Implementation of computer-assisted therapy for substance misuse: a qualitative study of Breaking Free Online using Roger's diffusion of innovation theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption and implementation of computer-assisted therapy (CAT) using Breaking Free Online (BFO) in a social care and health charity working with people affected by drugs and alcohol dependence, Crime Reduction Initiatives (CRI). Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with service managers, practitioners, peer mentors and service users. Data were thematically analysed and themes conceptualised using Roger's Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 1995, 2002, 2004). Findings – A number of perceived barriers to adoption of BFO throughout CRI were identified within the social system, including a lack of IT resources and skills. However, there were numerous perceived benefits of adoption of BFO throughout CRI, including broadening access to effective interventions to support recovery from substance dependence, and promoting digital inclusion. Along with the solutions that were found to the identified barriers to implementation, intentions around longer-term continuation of adoption of the programme were reported, with this process being supported through changes to both the social system and the individuals within it. Research limitations/implications – The introduction of innovations such as BFO within large organisations like CRI can be perceived as being disruptive, even when individuals within the organisation recognise its benefits. For successful adoption and implementation of such innovations, changes in the social system are required, at organisational and individual levels. Practical implications – The learning points from this study may be relevant to the substance misuse sector, and more widely to criminal justice, health and social care organisations. Originality/value – This study is the first of its kind to use a qualitative approach to examine processes of implementation of CAT for substance misuse within a large treatment and recovery organisation.

Social and Task Interdependencies in the Street-Level Implementation of Innovation

Organizations often adopt, though do not always successfully implement, innovations that require widespread frontline participation to realize their full benefits. To better understand the mechanisms that support or inhibit the implementation of such innovations, we apply constructs from organizational learning theory to the case of implementing innovation in schools, and operationalize those constructs in a computational, agent-based model. Model analysis reveals how the misalignment between an organization’s social network and the task structure of its target innovation can impede frontline implementation, even when the individuals inside the organization have the skill and willingness to implement the innovation’s constituent activities. We find that individual-level improvement before the decision to adopt the innovation can exacerbate this problem by reducing the utilization of tasks needed to support future implementation. We also translate our insights into specific propositions about how the work required by the target innovation and an organization’s social network relate to the level of frontline implementation in organizations.

Public ICT Innovations: A Strategic Ambiguity Perspective

Public Information and Communications Technology (ICT) innovations are seen as having the potential to usher in a new era of technology-enabled models of governance in emerging economies. While it may be desirable for the implementation of such innovations to be underpinned by precise planning, structure and clarity, policy implementers in emerging economies are confronted instead by situations where ambiguous goals and means are standard. This paper considers high levels of ambiguity as a relatively enduring and intrinsic aspect of public ICT innovations in emerging economies. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Bangalore one, an innovative public ICT project implemented in Bangalore, India, the paper examines how strategic ambiguity is deployed by key public actors to chart the course of the implementation process and to steer it towards reasonable outcomes. Theoretically, the paper suggests that although strategic ambiguity is a precarious and unsettling condition in general, it can work effectively in contexts that are reasonably tolerant of ambiguous norms. The findings of the study also present arguments for why evaluation mechanisms need to be fundamentally reframed in order to assess the extent of implementation success of public ICT innovations in emerging economies.

Health networks: actors, professional relationships, and controversies.

In recent years international policies have aimed to stimulate the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of health care. Belgium has also been affected by these developments and, for example, health electronic regional networks ("HNs") are established. Thanks to a qualitative case study we have explored the implementation of such innovations (HN) to better understand how health professionals collaborate through the HN and how the HN affect their relationships. Within the HNs studied a common good unites the actors: the continuity of care for a better quality of care. However behind this objective of continuity of care other individual motivations emerge. Some controversies need also to be resolved in order to achieve cooperative relationships. HNs have notably to take national developments into account. These developments raise the question of the control of medical knowledge and medical practice. Professional issues, and not only practical changes, are involved in these innovations.