Implementation Of State Policy Research Articles

Injustice and poverty as a threat to the national security of Ukraine

Injustice, poverty, socio-economic inequality are analyzed from the point of view of factors that threaten the national security of Ukraine. The sources of injustice lie in the nature of man, his natural selfishness, the desire to satisfy his needs at the expense of other people. Social injustice manifests itself in conflicts between society and the government, and individuals. Economic manifestations of injustice are noticeable when the principle of equivalence of remuneration for an individual’s work is violated in social relations or there is non-equivalent punishment for the damage caused. Injustice in the sphere of political relations manifests itself as a violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by current legislation. Injustice in legal relations appears as a violation of the principle of equality of all citizens before the law. Achieving socio-economic equality is hindered by corruption, which is a huge threat to national security. The consequence of injustice is the stratification of society into rich and poor, the destruction of the middle class. Injustice has a specific effect on political relations, the implementation of state policy at all levels, and makes the formation of civil society impossible. The result of this form of people’s life is marginalization and socio-economic degradation of society, which leads to crises, conflicts, anomie, tensions and social explosions. Injustice, poverty, and socioeconomic inequality are significant threats to national security. Modern science should investigate the main factors of the reproduction of social injustice, find ways to overcome poverty and introduce an effective mechanism for the elimination of social and economic inequality. In view of the spread of corruption in Ukraine, failure to bring corrupt officials to justice, which is provided for by the current legislation, and other violations of the law, we can also talk about legal inequality, which is unacceptable in a civilized state and is the greatest threat to the national security of Ukraine.

Principles and norms of law in the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children – representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine

The article focuses attention on the fact that the principles and norms of law are one of the effective components of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the quality of legal norms as a necessary condition for the effectiveness of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. It has been established that due to the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the UN Charter, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - Krymchaks, Karaites, Crimean Tatars - are the people of Ukraine, its component; indigenous peoples of Ukraine have the right to carry out their cultural and social development; the right to education of children - representatives of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - is a guarantee of the realization of the right to cultural and social development of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine and the subjective rights of each child a representative of the indigenous people of Ukraine; the right to self-determination belongs to the Ukrainian people, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine are its component, not a separate and isolated component, but a component that is inseparable from the people of Ukraine; every state of the world must respect the right of the Ukrainian people and its integral component - the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - to realize their economic, social and cultural development. The principles of the state's internal policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine are singled out: 1) the principle of state care; 2) the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of the state; 3) the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples. The analysis of the above­mentioned international act made it possible to establish the role of these principles in the formation (planning) and implementation of state policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine: the principle of state care and the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of implementation should be combined with the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples. The purpose of the state's activity - it consists in maximally ensuring respect, preservation and development of the identity of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine. The toolkit used for this can also be identified based on the analysis of the Convention of the International Labor Organization on indigenous peoples and peoples leading a tribal way of life in independent countries: 1) correlation of the duties of the state and the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 2) stimulation of such an entity as the state by such an entity as the international community to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 3) the use of treaties by the international community to stimulate the establishment of partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 4) application by the international community of forcing the state to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine in the event that the state violates the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine, or does not establish partnership forms of interaction.

International legal mechanism for the development of urbanized territories: causes, evolution, consequences (conclusion)

This publication identifies the consequences of urbanization and substantiates their impact on the safety of urbanized territories and the life safety of residents of such territories. It is also determined that the consequences of urbanization pose a threat to the national security system, the security of the urbanized territory and the life safety of residents of such territories. In turn, the security of the urbanized territory is a component of national security, and the safety of life of citizens is a key element of both the security system of the urbanized territory and the national security system as a whole. The system of public administration in general and the processes of forming and implementing state policy in particular, focusing on the needs, interests, rights and freedoms of citizens, their health and life as the highest social value, in the context of developing a strategy to overcome the negative consequences of urbanization, ensuring the development and security of urbanized territories, it is necessary to take into account the features of the constituent elements of the national security system and the security of the urbanized territory.

State regulation in the law enforcement system sphere as a tool for resolution of a conflict of interest in society

Motivation: The law enforcement system of the state is a special component of ensuring the performance of state functions related to the security of society. The study of the law enforcement system is impossible without studying the interests intertwined in its tasks, principles and functions. Aim: The purpose of the research was to study the key areas of the state policy implementation in law enforcement, ensuring public order and combating crime. Results: Based on the results of the study, the development of the doctrine of state policy in the field of transformation of the law enforcement system in the context of the theory of interest is substantiated. The origins of interest in the public administration system are established and the order of their formalization in law is justified. The substantive characteristics of private, public and community interests are determined, which serve as the basis for forming a law enforcement system to ensure their satisfaction. A hypothesis has been put forward and proved that the satisfaction of interests through their formalization in law and protection in the law enforcement system depends on the current political regime in a particular country. The conducted analysis of dictatorial regimes testifies to the replacement of the concepts of public interest with the private interest of the dictator, which as a result leads to threats to society in a particular country. The manifestation of the law enforcement system in the context of the theory of interests is determined, including: 1) an instrument for the protection and settlement of all interests; 2) a system of intersection of agents' interests; 3) an instrument for narrowing private interests.

Coordinating school improvement: Understanding the impact of state implementation approach on coordination in multilevel governance systems

AbstractMultilevel governance is theorized to facilitate effective policy implementation by encouraging the use of local knowledge and expertise, enabling the participation of non‐government actors, and capitalizing on the coordinating and sanctioning authority of centralized governments. Whether a particular multilevel governance arrangement achieves this, however, depends in part on the degree to which it enables coordination among governmental and non‐governmental actors representing different levels and jurisdictions. Using a comparative case study of education governance reform in the United States, this study investigates how differences in state policy implementation approach impact the structure and mode of coordination in multilevel governance systems and considers the effects this has on policy implementation processes. The results indicate that a state's implementation approach impacts coordination by structuring how different levels of government interact, share information, and influence policy. Specifically, variation in the structure of the central governing agency directly enables or restricts the influence of bottom‐up coordination from lower levels of government. The results also highlight the theoretical limitations of current binary structure models of multilevel governance (i.e., centralized vs. decentralized, top‐down vs. bottom‐up, hierarchy vs. network) for capturing important nuances in policy coordination. These findings advance the understanding of policy coordination in multilevel governance systems and inform the design of institutional arrangements that balance trade‐offs in centralization and the delegation of authority across governance systems during policy implementation.

(Doing) belonging as technology of power: how the principle of ‘gender equality’ governs membership in Swiss society

ABSTRACT This paper analyses how the principle of gender equality informs politics of belonging in Switzerland. We propose to conceptualize ‘doing belonging’ as a technology of power and we examine how actors in (non-)institutional settings employ it as part of professional and personal action. The paper draws on two case studies: an ethnography of institutions in charge of Swiss naturalization procedures and a series of qualitative interviews with migrant descendants. It unpacks how individuals negotiate belonging in different social contexts that are marked by specific power relations. First, we reveal how ideas of gender equality shape the implementation of state policies in naturalization procedures by selectively assessing the candidates according to their national and assumed cultural background. Second, we show how naturalized individuals are doing belonging when confronting external ascriptions as being ‘gender unequal’. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the role the principle of gender equality plays in politics of belonging enacted at a micro-sociological and individual level, thus illuminating the gendered underpinnings of migration politics.

Pembatasan Usia Minimal Perkawinan dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Studi Komparasi Indonesia dan Yordania

The minimum age limit for marriage in Islamic Family Law is a provision that regulates the minimum age limit that must be met by individuals before legally entering into a marriage according to the principles of Islamic law. This is intended to protect the parties involved and ensure the physical, mental and emotional maturity of prospective partners before entering into marriage. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using literature study methods to investigate differences in minimum age restrictions for marriage between Islamic law and state policy. Data collection was carried out through direct surveys and literature searches from trusted sources, including international journals, books and e-books. The literature study method involves three essential steps: Literature Inventory, Literature Description, and Literature Comparison. The research focus is focused on analyzing laws regarding minimum age limits for marriage in various countries, with an emphasis on comparisons between Islamic legal views and implementation of state policies. The research findings produced several conclusions, including: 1) Differences in approach between Islamic law which does not set a minimum age limit and state policies such as Indonesia (19 years) and Jordan (18 years); 2) Limiting the age of marriage as an effort to protect and mature individuals in living a married life; 3) Rearranged minimum standardization divergence to prevent misuse; 4) Marriage as an institution with noble purposes, interpreted by Islamic law and adopted by the state taking into account local, social and cultural aspects.

SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MANAGING STAFF OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The article addresses the topical issue of public administration of professional training for higher medical education management personnel in Ukraine. It explores the current state and development prospects of the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, and identifies priority areas for its improvement. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to provide the Ukrainian healthcare system with highly qualified managers capable of effectively managing higher medical education institutions in the context of dynamic changes and integration into the European and world educational and scientific space. The article defines the main approaches and mechanisms for implementing state policy in the field of healthcare and higher medical education. It identifies the directions for improving the organizational, legal, and economic mechanisms of state regulation of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions in Ukraine in terms of clarifying the content of the key research concepts "management personnel of higher medical education institutions" and "state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions". It is determined that the reforming and development of the healthcare and higher medical education sector of Ukraine in the context of integration into the European and world educational and scientific space requires the preparation of a new generation of managers - healthcare managers. It is determined that this category of managers includes vice-rectors and heads of relevant scientific, educational-methodological and educational commissions, deans and vice-deans of faculties, heads of departments and other structural units. The formation of a comprehensive mechanism of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions should be carried out on the basis of such principles as scientific justification, legality, common interests and values, consistency, comprehensiveness, systematicity, subsidiarity, transparency, innovation, adequacy, efficiency, and responsibility. The article analyzes the features of the system of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions in Ukraine and abroad. Based on a comparative analysis of management training systems in 6 developed countries of the world, it is proved that the system of professional training and advanced training of management personnel of higher medical education institutions should function in accordance with the current trends in the healthcare sector and the field of higher medical education, comply with the implementation of state policy principles, and be systematic. Statistical analysis of the dynamic changes in the indicators of provision with higher medical education institutions and medical institutions over the years of Ukraine's independence demonstrates the need for joint coordination and cooperation to coordinate the efficiency of the healthcare system. Thus, the article reveals the essence and features of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions, analyzes the regulatory framework governing this area, and identifies the main areas for improving the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, namely: Updating the content and forms of training; Introduction of innovative teaching methods; Improvement of teachers' qualification; Strengthening the practical focus of training; Development of international cooperation.

Strategic directions for improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense

Introduction. Law enforcement agencies as subjects of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense must have an appropriate organizational and legal framework for carrying out their activities. This involves two separate important directions of optimization of the current process of administrative and legal regulation of their activities, which is collectively objectified by the need to review scientific and normative discourses regarding the place and role of law enforcement agencies in the mechanism of ensuring national security of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the strategic directions of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense. Results. Since law enforcement agencies in the researched area are generally divided into those that are independent or structural within the representative body - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, we believe that the formation of a separate independent authority in the proposed context is generally inappropriate, as well as the granting of such powers to already existing ones. Conclusions. Law enforcement agencies should be provided with the ability to effectively influence various aspects of the country's security from the position of functional unity, which will allow them to strategically and functionally solve issues of national security and defense of Ukraine. We have proposed an author's variation of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense with emphasis on the need to create a specialized state entity - the Center for Coordination and Interaction of Law Enforcement Activities under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which will represent the institute of law enforcement activities in Ukraine.

Methodological Approach to Comprehensive Assessment of Living Standards in Russian Regions

Introduction. Improving the living standards of the population is the most important task facing public authorities. However, its solution is impossible without a clear understanding of what is meant by this definition and how this indicator should be assessed. Despite the wide representation of studies on this issue, there is actually no unified position and, consequently, no generally accepted assessment. The use of private indicators gives contradictory results. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop a methodology for the comprehensive assessment of living standards in Russian regions. Materials and Methods. The methods of grouping, dynamic and structural analysis, correlation analysis and others were applied in the framework of the task. The information base of the study was formed by the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, as well as the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field under consideration. The research proposed an approach to the formation of an integral assessment of the standard of living of the population of Russian regions, based on a two-stage convolution of 22 private indicators divided into five groups, taking into account the weighting coefficients. Further the methodology was tested on the data on the regions of the Russian Federation. Results. According to the results of the approbation, the ratings of regions by standard of living for 2017‒2021 were formed, which allowed us to consider its dynamics. It was revealed that, in general, the positions of leaders and outsiders remain stable; the differentiation between regions does not decrease. At the same time, while outsiders have weak positions in the overwhelming number of indicators, leadership can be due to different components of the integral indicator. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results can be used by the authorities responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of regional development, social security and other related areas. Forecast assessments allow us to identify threats to the realization of the task of improving living standards in Russian regions.

On the level of literacy of the population Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces in the late 19th – early 20th centuries

The reforms carried out in Russia in the 1860-70s contributed to the industrial development of the country, but along with the changes in the economy changes in the socio-cultural sphere were no less large-scale. Due to the mass mobility of the population after the abolition of serfdom, representatives of different estates were involved in the general socio-cultural movement. One of the important indicators of the social modernisation of Russian society included the changed level of literacy of the population, caused by the need for competent personnel for the growing industry, transport, communications and management. Using the example of Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces, the article shows the dynamics of changes in the literacy rate of the population in the late 19th – early 20th centuries which exceeded all-Russian indicators, both for urban and rural populations and was associated with the successful implementation of state policy in the field of education, the consequences of the introduction of the new Military Charter as of 1874 and the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the provinces associated with the developed craftsmen’s internal migration.

Justice in the Practice of International Criminal Tribunals, in the Context of the Tasks of Contemporary International Humanitarian Law

Transitional justice, which today has become a widespread and very useful concept, which allows the transition from an authoritarian system to the rule of law, which aims to establish a democratic regime that respects human rights - and what is important not at the level of declarations and applicable methods, but, first of all, this must become the philosophical basis of his daily life. The purpose of transitional justice is to restore the dignity of the victims, to establish mutual trust between the antagonistic groups, to favor the institutional exchange necessary for a new relationship within the population that will allow the establishment of a state of law, including through an effective control of the practice of total or partial impunity. The various constitutive elements of transitional justice generally combine reparative measures of restorative justice (Truth and Reconciliation Commissions), meanwhile establishing parallel mechanisms of punitive justice (especially in relation to the main responsible or direct executors of the most serious crimes).2 On the other hand, transitional justice claims to reform the institutional system, restoring the primacy of law and ensuring the functioning of judicial institutions for the future, fighting in the meantime against impunity for the crimes committed during the previous period. In this sense, transitional justice pursues a multiple goal within the framework of an end to a conflict, in which other imperatives are imposed on government officials - the disarmament of combatant forces, the restoration of citizens' security, the compensation of victims and the restoration of the economy of devastated societies. After being neglected for a long time, the victim is at the center of current political concerns and is the object of a constantly growing interest, mainly in the criminal field and not in social discourses.3 But this phenomenon, positive from some aspects, is not without problems and arouses controversial debates among researchers and actors of the criminal world. This imposition of the victim seems to exist not only in the criminal system, but also in the current socio-political terrain. This predominance is observed in many Western states, lately becoming dominant to some extent both in international criminal law and in international humanitarian law, being taken into consideration the burden of victims in the status granted to them in armed conflicts. The participation of victims in the criminal procedure is generally a recent phenomenon, which seems to be far from being accepted. Victims played and play a secondary role in the tribunals previously established by the International Criminal Court (ICC).4 They were considered only as a means in the de facto absence of a participation or compensation system. Under the influence of strong pressures, the tendency to take into account the opinions and concerns of the victims, including admission in the criminal procedure, became visible in national and international law, and with the involvement of non-governmental organizations and states, the basis of a system was laid that provides for a relatively broad participation of victims in ICC trials. Even if its modalities are still the subject of harsh discussions, it is generally recognized that it is an important and useful tool that would allow victims of serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law to be heard and to hope for possible reconciliation.5 The evolution of the process of increasing interest in victims is the result of political, social and legal tensions that started in the 1960s, with the implementation of state policies regarding victim compensation and the development of victim defense associations, being influenced by the social movement that opted for civil and women's rights. We find that taking the victim into consideration in social and penal policies has progressed in a meteorological manner. National and international investigations allowed taking into account the victims' dissatisfaction with the criminal system, which led to a genuine experience of secondary victimization, which has as a general consequence the tendency of a weak denunciation of the criminal acts to which they were subjected. They also emphasized the diversity and extent of trauma suffered by some victims, especially after going through interpersonal violence, such as rape or family violence. In addition, towards 1950, a new discipline had developed, a component of criminology, but which very quickly became autonomous - victimology. This field of research focuses on the study of the victim, on his psychological and physical reactions to the sustained achievement, but also on his experience of relying on the act of justice and society in general. These various findings gave rise to state structures to help victims, which have spread throughout the world. The victim thus became a political stake.

Principles and norms of law in the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine

The article focuses attention on the fact that the principles and norms of law are one of the effective components of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the quality of legal norms as a necessary condition for the effectiveness of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. It has been established that due to the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the UN Charter, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - Krymchaks, Karaites, Crimean Tatars - are the people of Ukraine, its component; indigenous peoples of Ukraine have the right to carry out their cultural and social development; the right to education of children - representatives of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - is a guarantee of the realization of the right to cultural and social development of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine and the subjective rights of each child - a representative of the indigenous people of Ukraine; the right to self-determination belongs to the Ukrainian people, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine are its component, not a separate and isolated component, but a component that is inseparable from the people of Ukraine; every state of the world must respect the right of the Ukrainian people and its integral component - the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - to realize their economic, social and cultural development.
 The principles of the state's internal policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine are singled out: 1) the principle of state care; 2) the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of the state; 3) the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples. The analysis of the above­mentioned international act made it possible to establish the role of these principles in the formation (planning) and implementation of state policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine: the principle of state care and the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of implementation should be combined with the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples .
 The purpose of the state's activity - it consists in maximally ensuring respect, preservation and development of the identity of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine. The toolkit used for this can also be identified based on the analysis of the Convention of the International Labor Organization on indigenous peoples and peoples leading a tribal way of life in independent countries: 1) correlation of the duties of the state and the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 2) stimulation of such an entity as the state by such an entity as the international community to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 3) the use of treaties by the international community to stimulate the establishment of partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine;
 4) application by the international community of forcing the state to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine in the event that the state violates the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine, or does not establish partnership forms of interaction.

The state in the mechanism of law-formation as a subject of theoretical and legal knowledge

In the content of the article, the author revealed the relevance of scientific knowledge of state issues in the system of subjects of modern law-formation. It is noted that the state in the modern conditions of the development of society acquires a new multifaceted meaning, since its role is significantly changing, namely the state faces new challenges associated with the resolution of hybrid wars, a significant increase in the number of armed conflicts on the political map of the world, a significant increase level of their aggressiveness, pandemic threats. It is emphasized that today the issue of both the scientific rethinking of the state's regulatory and protective capabilities, and the expansion of scientific ideas about the practical limits of the state's influence in improving regulation and protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of legal subjects is becoming particularly relevant. The most significant character today is the state's influence on law-formation, ensuring a balance of interests in the formation of law, its formalization, interpretation and further socialization. However, the role of the state in the law-formation mechanism is currently in a state of significant transformation, which is accompanied by the strengthening of the state's influence on law-formation, in particular in terms of ensuring the effective implementation of state policy, especially in the areas of national security and defense, European integration, ensuring social standards, etc.
 The author substantiates that the scientific understanding of the state as a subject of law­formation has an ambiguous character. This is due to the discussion in the understanding of the phenomenon itself - law-formation, its properties, which are laid by scientists as the basis for understanding the mentioned concept, including such a property as subjectivity. From a cognitive point of view, the state in the mechanism of law-formation: firstly, it is characterized by the multifaceted nature of its manifestation and functioning, providing influence and determining the content of law-formation; secondly, it is a polystructural phenomenon, exerting an influence on law-formation through the system of state­authority subjects, ensuring legal regulation of social relations of an international, national, state-wide and regional nature; thirdly, it is an instrumental means that ensures not only the formalization of the law, but also its use, execution, compliance and application; fourthly, it is a functional phenomenon, providing a comprehensive impact on both the formation of the legal framework and legal regulation as a whole; fifth, it is a political phenomenon that ensures the implementation of its own law-formation policy and helps to balance the law-formation interests of other law-formation subjects.

Regulatory and legal regulation of the healtcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary: general and special

This article conducts a comparative analysis of the current state of legal regulation in the healthcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary. The significance of healthcare issues has elevated them to the level of one of the most important state tasks and an internal function of the modern state. This necessitates not only the execution of effective state governance but also the formation and implementation of state policy in this sphere. The article is dedicated to the formation and implementation of state policy concerning the legal regulation of the healthcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary, which underscores its relevance.
 During the writing process, the author researched the system of legal relations and state bodies responsible for performing relevant functions and tasks in the formation and implementation of healthcare policy. It analyzes the legislative system regulating these areas and the practice of its application in both countries. The article identifies the roles and places of the Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council) of Ukraine and the Hungarian National Assembly, as well as the Cabinets of Ministers and the executive branch systems in both countries in the realization of healthcare policy.
 Like most contemporary scientific developments in this field, the article covers problems of three scientific disciplines – medicine, management, and law. In preparing this article, the author reviewed a considerable amount of medical literature, particularly in social medicine and healthcare organization, thoroughly exploring their scientific issues in both Ukraine and Hungary. However, it aims to illuminate the issues and problems arising in this context, specifically from the legal standpoint, particularly administrative law. Therefore, the focus of this work is primarily on legal categories and concepts – the legal mechanisms for implementing state medical and health improvement programs, ensuring the constitutionally guaranteed right of individuals in Ukraine and the Fundamental Law of Hungary to medical care, healthcare, and medical insurance, particularly the guaranteed level of free qualified medical aid.

A comparative analysis of public-private partnership models in the field of higher education

Subject. This article discusses the issues of cooperation between higher educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy in Russia and foreign countries. Objectives. The article aims to identify institutional opportunities and constraints for the formation and implementation of projects based on the public-private partnership principles in the field of higher education in Russia. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of institutional, comparative, and content analyses. Results. The article highlights the main tasks related to the development of the system of public-private partnership in the field of higher education. Relevance. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing mechanisms for the implementation of State policy in the field of higher education.

Административно-правовое регулирование миграционных отношений в сфере внешней трудовой миграции

The globalisation of factors of economic development, the development of world economic relations is manifested, in particular, in the formation of the international labour market, stimulating the growth of external labour migration. These processes fully affect Russia and sharply actualise the need to improve legal regulation, a new level of institutional interaction of public administration bodies at the federal and regional levels on the regulation of external labour migration flows. The necessity of developing the concept of external labour migration is proved, which requires a systematic approach based on the “reverse” dichotomous analysis, which makes it possible to consider external labour migration as a single socio-legal phenomenon consisting of relatively autonomous, but organically connected outbound and inbound labour migration flows. Ensuring the national interests of Russia involves the search for an effective administrative and legal mechanism for the implementation of state policy in the field of external labour migration, developing in the unity of closely related outbound and inbound labour migration flows. The imperfection of migration legislation in the field of external labour migration requires its codification, development and adoption of a separate federal law “On external labour migration”.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES: FINANCIAL ASPECT

The main purpose of the article is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the optimal choice of a modern strategy for implementing state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The object of the study is the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The subject of the study is the state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The scientific task posed in the article involves demonstrating a new approach to choosing the optimal strategy for implementing the state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The research methodology involves the use of various methods, including the expert analysis method, the paired comparison method, the Delphi method, the integral assessment method, the regression analysis method and a number of general theoretical methods, such as synthesis, deduction, abstract logical, etc. As a result of our research, we presented two models of optimal financial support for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The calculation made it possible to select one that is most significant for modern conditions. An approach is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the development of small and medium-sized businesses through the calculation of an integral indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The study has limitations and does not take into account statistics for the last year in the calculation due to the lack of a number of indicators due to martial law. Prospects for further research are to focus on solving the problems of effectively countering modern financial threats and risks in the context of implementing state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses under martial law.

Dynamics of Islamic Politics in the Early Period of the New Order

This article aims to review the relationship between proponents of Islamic politics and the New Order government. This article uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that the emergence of the New Order government cannot be separated from the support of military groups and Islamic political forces. The Islamic group's support for the New Order government was related to this group's desire to be involved in implementing state policies, especially in the field of government politics. This desire turned out not to be as expected, because the struggle of Islamic groups in political channels received restrictions and pressure from the government because it was considered to threaten national integration and development

State Level Policies on First Responder Mental Health in the U.S.: A Scoping Review.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates potential adverse mental health outcomes associated with exposure to occupational trauma among first responders. In response, policymakers nationwide are eager to work on these issues as evidenced by the number of states covering or considering laws for mental health conditions for first responders. Yet, little information exists to facilitate understanding of the impact of mental health-related policies in the United States on this important population. This study aims to identify and synthesize relevant state-level policies and related research on first responder mental health in the United States. Using a scoping review framework, authors searched the empirical and policy literature. State level policies were identified and grouped into two categories: (1) Workers' Compensation-related policies and (2) non-Workers' Compensation (WC) related policies. While benefits levels and other specifics vary greatly by state, 28 states cover certain first responder mental health claims under WC statutes. In addition, at the time of this study, 28 states have policies governing first responder mental health outside of WC. Policies include requiring mental health assessments, provisions for counseling and critical incident management, requiring education and training, providing funding to localities for program development, bolstering peer support initiatives and confidentiality measures, and establishing statewide offices of responder wellness, among others. Authors found a dearth of outcomes research on the impact of state level policies on first responder mental health. Consequently, more research is needed to learn about the direct impact of legislation and establish best practice guidelines for implementing state policy on first responder mental health. By conducting systematic evaluations, researchers can lay the foundation for an evidence-based approach to develop more integrated systems that effectively deliver and finance mental health care for first responders who experience work-related trauma. Such evaluations are crucial for building an understanding of the impact of policies and facilitating improvements in the support provided to first responders in managing mental health challenges arising from their work.