Implementation Of Social Protection Programmes Research Articles

CILJEVI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA I KORIŠTENJE PRISTUPA ŽIVOTNOG CIKLUSA U PROVEDBI SOCIJALNE ZAŠTITE OBITELJI U KRIZNIM SITUACIJAMA

The Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter: SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to end poverty, ensure social inclusion, and protect the environment. Leading social protection programs anchored in Croatia’s policy framework represent an important strategy that has the potential to reduce poverty and inequality and protect people from the risks they face. In addition, social protection aims to promote the development of human capital and support economic growth, which are important measures of the SDGs. However, a narrow conceptualization of poverty without taking into account the dynamics of poverty across the life course and local forces poses a challenge for implementation. The presented case study from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the literature, provide support for examining the challenges in the implementation of social protection programs and their impact on the Sustainable Development Goals in crisis situations in society, especially in the domain of family protection. This concept and life cycle approach are important for the formulation, design, and implementation of social protection in achieving the SDGs. The approach is based on an understanding of the life cycle that recognizes the specific challenges, risks, and shocks that individuals face throughout their lives. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the need to build and prepare social protection systems to deal with shocks and vulnerabilities relevant to the SDGs, using a life cycle approach as a guiding framework.

ECONOMIC METHODS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH PERSISTENT HEALTH DISORDERS

The purpose of the article is to study the nature of various economic methods of public administration of social protection of persons with persistent health disorders. For this purpose, by means of the dialectical method, methods of analysis, documentary analysis, systematisation, explanation, comparison, induction and specification, legislative and theoretical-practical aspects of the relevant economic methods of public administration of the researched area were studied. As a result, the conceptual apparatus of the problem declared in the article was analysed, namely the existing definitions of the categories "disabled person", "social protection of persons with persistent health disorders", "public administration method" and "economic management methods". The authors' understanding of the concepts of "public administration of social protection of persons with persistent health disorders" and "economic methods of public administration of social protection of persons with persistent health disorders" is presented. Categories of persons who, in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, are equated in social protection matters with persons with persistent health disorders, in particular: disabled persons; combatants; victims; the elderly; children with musculoskeletal disorders. Types of economic methods identified in the scientific literature (long-, medium- and short-term planning, licensing, quotas, commercial calculation, taxation, credit, budget system, economic regulators, incentives, setting minimum levels of social standards and benefits, pricing, responsibility). Given the specifics of the listed economic methods, it is proposed to classify them into five types according to the purpose of application. The study identified various economic methods of public administration in the researched area. These methods involve planning expenditures in state and local budgets focused on social protection for disabled individuals and financing for the same. The development, approval and implementation of social protection programs for disabled individuals and the elderly also fall under the purview of these methods. Additionally, financial aid is provided to support public movements in the field of social and legal protection for disabled individuals. Establishing minimum social standards, setting maximum prices for goods, works, and services, determining employment standards for disabled individuals, implementing measures to promote their employment, enforcing responsibility for non-compliance with legislation related to social protection of disabled persons, licensing specific types of economic activity, and implementing taxation regulations. Each of the economic methods is analysed in a distinct section of the article, with reference to the legislative norms that regulate their implementation, coupled with empirical evidence. The article's value lies in its intricate portrayal of the authors' perspective on the economic techniques employed, public administration methods for ensuring social protection of individuals with chronic health disorders, and their efficacy in safeguarding the rights of the socially vulnerable population.

Reducing Delay in Payments in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from an Information Dissemination Intervention

Abstract This paper assesses the impact of an information dissemination intervention on the local-level implementation of the rural public works program in India. One key feature of the intervention is to provide information to workers once their wages get credited into their accounts. Using administrative and survey data, its impact on delays in wage payments and days of work along with the awareness levels of the entitlements is evaluated. The findings indicate a substantial reduction in payment delays and in trips made for wage withdrawal, in addition to improvements in awareness. The decrease in the payment delays in the treated villages persists even beyond the intervention period. While a limited impact on work days is observed during the intervention, a significant increase in the post-intervention period is found. The findings substantiated through qualitative evidence provide a platform for an innovative and cost-effective intervention to improve the implementation of social protection programs.

Impact of social protection on gender equality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews.

Impact of social protection on gender equality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews.

Process evaluation of the Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives

AbstractLimited evidence on the design and implementation of social protection programmes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries constrains understanding of how their impacts could be improved. The Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives is a non means‐tested, monthly cash transfer targeting people with disabilities. Using qualitative methods, process evaluation was used to examine the intervention design, implementation, and likelihood of achieving its intended objectives. There were important strengths of the programme, including the broad definition of disability. We find that delivery could be strengthened through providing greater clarity on eligibility criteria and strengthening human resources to widen the programme’s reach. Intervention fidelity was challenged by inconsistent practice among implementers and lack of established protocols. Most importantly, the absence of linkages with the Medical Welfare scheme that provides assistive devices potentially limits the likelihood of the programme achieving intended objectives.

The politics of implementation: The role of traditional authorities in delivering social policies to poor people in Kenya

The article contributes to understanding the political economy of implementation of social protection programmes at local level. Current debates are dominated by technocratic arguments, emphasizing the lack of financial resources, technology or skills as major barriers for effective implementation. Describing how chiefs, assistant-chiefs and community elders are routinely at the centre stage of core implementation processes, including targeting, enrolment, delivery, monitoring, awareness and information, data collection or grievance and redress, this study on Kenya argues for the need to look more closely into the local political economy as an important mediating arena for implementing social policies. Implementation is heavily contingent upon the local social, political and institutional context that influences and shapes its outcomes. These processes are ambivalent involving multiple forms of interactions between ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ institutional structures, which may support initial policy objectives or induce policy outcomes substantially diverging from intended policy objectives.

The Relationship between Policy Design and Poverty Reduction: How the Design of Social Protection Programmes Address the Needs of the Poor in Ghana

The implementation of social protection programmes has seen some significant success in poverty reduction among nations. This notwithstanding, there are some challenges in the designing of these programmes that sometimes defeat their intended purposes. For this reason, there is the need for a further consideration on the design of social protection programmes in reaching the poor. This paper assesses how the design of social protection programmes in Ghana takes into consideration the needs of the poor and other intended beneficiaries. The study adopts the concepts of social protection designs by Norton, et al (2001) and the beneficiary-targeting approaches by Rama and Dean (2016) to compare and assess how Ghana’s programmes are designed. This is purely a qualitative study that interviewed 20 respondents with adequate knowledge on the design of the social protection programmes. The study revealed that generally, in Ghana, the design processes of social protection programmes adopt more institutional-consultation approach than beneficiary/community-level consultation. On the part of selecting beneficiaries for social protection however, programmes like LEAP, School Feeding and the Capitation Grants were community based, that allow representatives of communities to select beneficiaries for the programme. The design of social protection programmes should be responsive to the needs of their intended beneficiaries, there is therefore, the need for broader consultations with the targeted beneficiaries. Consultations should, hence, not just be limited at the institutional levels.

Chasing Rights in Delhi: Social Movements and the National Food Security Act

In the 2000s, “rights-based approaches” to development acquired prominence in national level social policy in India. From 2005 to 2013, the Indian parliament passed several laws that effectively created new legal “rights.” This included a national legislation on the “right to work” under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) enacted in 2005 and a National Food Security Act (NFSA) on the “right to food” enacted in 2013. In text, rights created under these legislations expanded the idea of citizenship by defining justiciable claims that could be made against the state. The enactment of these legislations drew on a history of collective action and litigation centered on constitutional law and created the possibility of a new, progressive politics. Yet this positive expansion of citizenship rights has in recent years encountered a backlash and a de facto reigning in of rights. Part of this erosion of rights has been due to the Aadhaar based digital technologies using biometrics that were introduced as a key tool of implementation of social protection programs implemented under laws such as the NREGA and NFSA. Despite the present context of Aadhaar based erosion of citizenship rights, and the specter of coded and precarious citizenship, this paper argues that challenges to implementation of social policy need to be viewed in perspective. The role of social movements has been fundamental to the emergence of the aforementioned policies and legislations. Moving forward, the role of civil society actors in demanding probity in implementation of social policy, and in the reclaiming of citizenship, is critical for ensuring that new rights legislations retain their progressive potential.

Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Worldwide, the social protection programs have become a key tool for policymakers. These programs are executed to achieve multiple objectives such as fighting poverty and hunger, and increasing the resilience of the poor and vulnerable groups towards various shocks. Recently, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries started to implement social protection programs to eliminate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and enhance community resilience. This study aims to explore the current implementation of social protection programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the most affected countries as well as to provide learned lessons from countries that had not previously considered implementing social protection programs up until the COVID-19 crisis. This review was carried out by searching through WOS, Google Scholar, ILO, World Bank reports, and Aljazeera Television. The search was conducted over literature and systematic reviews on the implementation of social protection programs during previous pandemic crises and especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that social protection programs become a flexible and strategic tool to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategy amongst the countries in executing the social protection programs to respond to COVID-19. Finally, the study concluded with some learned lessons and implications for the practitioners and policymakers in managing future pandemics.

Harmonising data systems for cash transfer programming in emergencies in Somalia

Quality data and information are fundamental for effective implementation of cash transfer programmes in emergency contexts. Establishing a robust information system can facilitate the equitable and responsive distribution of humanitarian cash-based assistance, while enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of its delivery. This study presents findings on how various humanitarian agencies are collecting and using registration and identification data in cash transfer programmes in Somalia and identifies opportunities, risks and barriers to establishing an effective integrated data system. The study is based on a systematic review of published and grey literature, as well as on key informant interviews with representatives of humanitarian agencies, donors and government officials in Somalia. The study finds that the collection of registration and identification data is largely based on individual agencies’ policies, guidelines and standard operating procedures, resulting in multiple non-interoperable data systems. Progress is being made to harmonise/integrate data systems, including using harmonised registration forms, a common database and data sharing agreements in various consortia; bilateral agreements to share registration platforms; and initiatives by donors and the government to enhance interoperability. Despite this progress, the harmonisation of data systems is still constrained by a number of technical, political, financial and organisational factors, as well as legal, fiduciary, reputational and data protection risks. The study concludes that harmonising data systems presents both long-term opportunities and short-term risks for developing a robust integrated data system for providing cash-based assistance in humanitarian contexts and supporting implementation of social protection programmes.

Механізм забезпечення ефективності виконання програм соціального захисту населення регіону

Досліджено сучасні підходи до реалізації регіональної соціальної політики. Акцентовано увагу на важливості програм соціального захисту населення при реалізації регіональної політики у соціальній сфері. Розроблено механізм забезпечення ефективності виконання програм соціального захисту населення, який охоплює основні напрями соціального захисту населення в регіоні.

The Political Economy of Social Protection in Mozambique

In the view of international donors, multilateral organisations and government officials, social protection in Mozambique benefits from strong government commitment to it. Their argument is that, in contrast to many African countries, the government has demonstrated a level of commitment and support to social protection that is quite unprecedented. This view relies on the fact that more than 90 percent of the budget allocated to the implementation of social protection programmes comes from the state budget and that, even within the complex context of the financial crisis that has devastated the economy since 2013, social protection has continued to receive special attention from the government in its budget allocations. Based on a political economy analysis, this paper challenges the common narrative of social protection in Mozambique, by arguing that social protection has been used as a means to mobilise resources from international agencies, in order to ensure the political survival of the Frelimo government. The paper argues that government support of social protection emerged as a reaction to the poor performance of poverty-reduction initiatives, becoming also a mechanism to overcome social protests after the 2008 and 2010 riots in Mozambique, which threatened to jeopardise the stability of the regime and its reproduction of power.

Social Protection Programmes, Agricultural Production and Youth Employment Nexus in Nigeria: A Qualitative Discus from LSMS-ISA

This study examined how effective implantation of social protection programmes in the agricultural sector will induce youth participation, thereby creating employment for the youths and reduce the incidence of households’ poverty in Nigeria. The study engaged a qualitative discuss methodology from the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Households Panel Survey on agriculture for two farming seasons (post-planting and post-harvest seasons). Results showed that, out of the three main activities (agricultural, non-farm enterprise and wage employment) engaged by the Nigerian households, for the post-planting interview, agriculture remains the most engaged activity, this is because; about 38.5% of the rural households engaged in agriculture; 17.9% engaged in nonfarm enterprise, while 7.8% engaged in wage employment. It was also noted that; more of the women engaged in a household-nonfarm activities (25%) than men; however, fewer youths engaged in both agriculture (21.8%) in the post-planting visit. The farmers revealed that, one of the reasons for less youth participation in the agricultural activities is due to the low attractiveness of the sector to the youths. Therefore, the study recommended that the agricultural activities should be made attractive through the implementation of social protection programmes to induce youth participation as this will boost rural opportunities and reduce the rural-urban migration and its attendant challenges.

A REVIEW OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMMES IN ZIMBABWE: LESSONS LEARNT

This article makes an entrée into the social protection arena by exploring the political, technical, social, economic, legal and environmental dimensions of social protection using the ecology of human development as a foundation. As a point of departure, it argues that a clear understanding of the ‘total environment’ is critical in the design, formulation and implementation of social protection programmes. The method used for purposes of compiling this article is a desk study in which documents on social protection interventions used in Zimbabwe were reviewed. The key contribution of the article is a framework which may assist countries in the global south to understand social protection in general and to guide policy implementation and practice in particular. Some of the key lessons learnt from the Zimbabwean experience include the need to interrogate all interventions for feasibility, efficiency, effectiveness, dependency-reduction, appropriateness, sustain-ability, gender-sensitivity, incorruptibility, provision of exit mechanisms, administrative costs and adequacy of resources.

The Effective Implementation of Social Protection Programmes Can Reduce Household and Community Poverty in Uganda

With the introduction and implementation of social protection programmes in Uganda and Katakwi district being one of the beneficiary districts. This paper presents and discusses the role social protection initiatives in the context of transforming and empowering vulnerable households to poverty and explores the opportunities they present for promoting a gender-equality agenda and women’s empowerment. The paper begins with a brief introduction on the emergence of social protection (SP) and how it is linked to economic and social policy. Next, it reviews the context, concepts, and definitions relevant to SP policies and identifies gender-specific social and economic risks and corresponding SP instruments, drawing on country-level experiences. The thrust of the paper is to explore how SP instruments can help or hinder the process of altering rigid gendered roles, and offers a critical evaluation of SP interventions from the standpoint of women’s inclusion in economic life. Conditional cash transfers and employment guarantee programs are discussed in detail. Key words: Social Protection, household and community poverty, poverty and vulnerability

Taking the Long View: What Does a Child Focus Add to Social Protection?

Recognising that many indicators of vulnerability among children, such as malnutrition or poor educational performance, might reflect intergenerational problems has profound implications for the design and implementation of social protection programmes. Treating the symptoms of these problems is of course essential: a malnourished child needs immediate nutritional support and a child who is failing at school needs special attention. But the argument of this paper is that ‘taking the long view’ is imperative if the reasons why children are malnourished, or failing, are to be correctly identified and adequately addressed. Importantly, the analysis implies directing interventions not exclusively at the children who are at risk, but at others in society who are responsible for the care of children.