Implementation Of Safety Program Research Articles

Contributory factors related to patient safety incidence: A nursing perspective.

There are growing concerns about patient safety and quality assurance enhancement in the healthcare setting because of the increase in the incidence of patient harm and adverse events over the years. This study explored the contributory factors associated with patient safety practices. The study was conducted in two private hospitals in Gauteng province, South Africa. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of the issues pertaining to patient safety incidence. Purposive sampling was used to select professional nurses practicing within the two private hospitals. Thematic analysis was used. The study utilised the Donabedian model of patient safety and quality. The study revealed that majority of the professional nurses did not understand the concept of patient safety; there was poor communication between the multidisciplinary team. There was poor adherence to patient safety policies. Patient safety issues remain an issue of concern in public health. There is a need for nurses to be capacitated on the implementation of patient safety programmes as well as improving communication within the multidisciplinary team. Identifying and addressing risk and contributory factors will help reduce the global burden of patient harm. The study has presented the challenges as seen with patient safety and made recommendations on how to improve patient safety from the nursing perspective. It is anticipated that the results of this study may be used to create awareness on patient safety issues. This should promote a good healthcare climate in private healthcare institutions.

Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) serta Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Paniki

This research aim is to analyze the influence of occupational health and safety variables and standard operating procedures (SOP) on employee performance at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Paniki. Occupational health and safety and SOP implementation are considered to have significant roles in creating a comfortable and effective work environment that supports optimal employee performance. The research employs a quantitative approach and a survey method involving 50 respondents from workers at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Paniki. The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between occupational health and safety variables and employee performance. This finding indicates that the implementation of effective occupational health and safety programs contributes to the increase in employee performance. Furthermore, the analysis results also state that standard operating procedures (SOP) have a strong positive influence on employee performance. Based on these research findings, the recommendations proposed emphasize the need for increased investment in occupational health and safety programs, as well as a more efficient approach in delivering and explaining SOP within the PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Paniki area. Thus, the industry can create a more comfortable and effective work environment that fosters the achievement of optimal employee performance.

Roles and Autonomous Motivation of Safety Officers: The Context of Construction Sites

Safety officers have been underlined as key individuals in the implementation of safety programmes at construction sites. However, previous research mentioned that some project managers predominantly focus on other aspects, such as the productivity of construction and the management of time and cost. Such emphases may potentially demotivate safety officers from fully engaging in safety initiatives for construction projects. Moreover, scholars have devoted piecemeal discussions to the motivation of such practitioners. These problems were addressed in the current work through the development of a conceptual paradigm that captures the actual situation between project managers and safety officers. To this end, four constructs were extensively examined: (1) autonomy-oriented support from project managers; (2) the motivation of safety officers; (3) the engagement of safety officers in safety programmes (covering four major categories of safety-related tasks); and (4) safety performance. From August to September 2022, valid data from 195 safety officers working in construction projects were considered, after which the proposed paradigm was analysed via structural equation modelling. The results showed that the autonomous motivation of safety officers was activated by autonomy-oriented support from project managers (β = 0.520, sig. = 0.000). Such motivation significantly affected their safety performance (β = 0.231, sig. = 0.007) and levels of engagement with safety initiatives (β = 0.529, sig. = 0.000). These findings indicate that in the implementation of safety programmes, the autonomous motivation of safety officers serves as the engine, while autonomy-oriented support from project managers functions as the ignition key. Policymakers in construction companies can use the results as a reference for decision-making on initiating safety policy that highlights methods of training project managers in supporting safety officers.

Implementation of Patient Safety Program at Hospital Royal Prima Medan in 2021

This research aims to know and analyze the implementation of the Patient Safety program and the factors that influence it at the Royal Prima Hospital Medan in 2021. This research is a mixed methods research that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The research informants consisted of 1 person from the hospital health committee, 1 head of the inpatient ward, and 4 implementing nurses in the inpatient ward. The population is all implementing nurses in the inpatient rooms as many as 319 people. the sample was taken using the Taro Yamane formula for as many as 76 people. Data collection techniques through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis methods consist of qualitative analysis with descriptive methods and quantitatively using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using p multiple linear regression equation. The results of the study that the implementation of the patient safety program at the Royal Prima Hospital Medan in 2021 is quite good; there is an influence of the knowledge, attitude, workload, and supervision of the head of the room on the implementation of the Patient Safety program at the Royal Prima Hospital Medan in 2021.

Investigation of the factors forming the attitude of construction workers to unsafe behavior in work

Relevance. The high injury rate of construction industry workers has been a constant problem for many years. The most common direct cause of injury to workers is their own unsafe behavior when performing work. Identification of personal factors that form the attitude of a person to unsafe behavior is the beginning of effective implementation of safety programs in construction projects and taking measures to prevent traumatic situations. The purpose of the study: to study the installation on unsafe behavior of construction workers. Private tasks: to study the personal attitude and perception of occupational hazards of employees of organiza-tions in the construction industry; to investigate the levels of severity of the three main components of a person's pre-disposition to unsafe activities: cognitive, affective and behavioral.Methodology. The study was carried out by anonymous questionnaire using specially designed question-naires. The questions focus on identifying the characteristics of the attitude to hazards and the behavior of employ-ees that can directly affect occupational safety and cause injuries.Results. According to the responses of employees, high-quality material was obtained to identify and systema-tize the factors that determine their unsafe behavior in the industrial environment.Conclusion. The results obtained objectively indicate that the ideas about the danger of the production envi-ronment do not correspond to reality and are factors of unsafe behavior of workers. The formed attitude does not al-low the subject to make adequate decisions and control his activities. In the personnel management system of the organization, it is necessary to develop training programs in the aspect of occupational safety, the implementation of which in the training process will contribute to the formation of an attitude to the safe behavior of employees and the reduction of dangerous incidents ending in injuries.

Implementation of Patient Safety Program in the Emergency Installation of H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Patient Safety Program stipulated in the Minister of Health Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2017 namely Patient Safety Standards; Patient safety goals, and 7 steps towards patient safety. 8 Contributor Factors in Patient Safety are external factors, organization and management, physical environment, teamwork, officers, tasks, patients, and communication. This study uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach by conducting in-depth interviews of several health workers at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Implementation of patient identification using 2 identities and is used for confirmation before the procedure, the implementation of effective communication is done by doing readback before carrying out the procedure, aware of high alert drugs by prescribing drugs into pharmacy, then drugs are formulated by pharmacy and before being given to patients with double checks, ensuring the accuracy of location, procedure and patients by site marking on body parts and signed in the medical recording, preventing the infection of medical Reducing the risk of patients falling by giving yellow bracelets and assistance to patients. In external contributors, the regulations used by Adam Malik Hospital are adapted from the Law of the Republic of Indonesia and the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, organizations and management support the staff in carrying out patient safety programs, the hospital environment is appropriate but there are several facilities that must be improved, the team's work has been running without difficulties. It patient information and educating patients.

Evaluation of the patient safety situation in Abuzar Teaching Hospital of Ahvaz based on patient safety friendly standards in 1401

Introduction: Patient safety is a fundamental principle in health care. Patient safety friendly standards are a set of requirements that are critical to the implementation of a hospital-wide patient safety program. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the patient safety situation in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital based on patient safety friendly standards.
 Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 1401 on 30 employees related to patient safety with a non-random and purpose-based sampling method. The required data were collected by the first two axes of the World Health Organization's patient safety friendly standards checklist, including governance and leadership - gaining participation and interaction with the patient and society, using observation, interview and hospital documentation techniques. The data was analyzed using statistical tests (mean and standard deviation) of SPSS26 software and scored on a three-point Likert scale.
 Results: The level of compliance of the hospital with the first two axes of patient safety friendly standards (64 standards in total) was evaluated at a good level with an average of 80/4%. Mandatory and basic standards were at a good level and advanced standards were at an average level. The group of attracting participation and interacting with the patient and society with an average of 82/7% had more compliance than the governance and leadership group with an average of 78/09%.
 Conclusion: The condition of Abuzar Hospital was evaluated at a good level in terms of compliance with patient safety-friendly standards. It is better to consider the level of compliance with basic and advanced standards in future researches.

Factors associated with injury among Maine logging workers.

Despite dramatic improvements in safety, logging remains one of the most dangerous industries in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore longitudinal injury trends among Maine logging workers. Loggers participated in seven quarterly surveys, over the course of 18 months. Categorical and free text data related to traumatic and acute injury, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and chronic pain were exported from REDCap into SAS 9.4, Excel, and NVivo, for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. Time to injury was modeled using two different approaches: (1) time to the occurrence of first injury modeled by proportional hazard regression and (2) an intensity model for injury frequency. Two research team members also analyzed qualitative data using a content analysis approach. During the study, 204 injuries were reported. Of the 154 participants, 93 (60.4%) reported musculoskeletal pain on at least one survey. The majority of injuries were traumatic, including fractures, sprains, and strains. Lack of health insurance was found to be related to increased risk of first injury [HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.97-2.04, p = 0.069]. Variables found to be related to injury intensity at the univariate level were: (1) a lack of health insurance [HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.04-2.20, p = 0.030], (2) age [HR for 10-year age increase;= 1.12, 95% CI = 0.99-1.27, p = 0.082], and (3) years employed in logging industry [HR for 10-year increase = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.99-1.26, p = 0.052]. Seeking medical attention for injury was not a priority for this cohort, and narratives revealed a trend for self-assessment. A variety of barriers, including finances, prevented loggers from seeking medical attention. We found that loggers still experience serious, and sometimes disabling, injuries associated with their work. It was unsurprising that many injuries were due to slips, trips, and falls, along with contact with logging equipment and trees/logs. The narratives revealed various obstacles preventing loggers from achieving optimal health. Examples included geographic distance from healthcare, lack of time to access care, and entrenched values that prioritized independence and traditional masculinity. Financial considerations were also consistently cited as a primary barrier to adequate care. There is a continued need to emphasize occupational health and safety in the logging industry. Implementation of relevant safety programs is key, but it is likely that the benefits of these will not be fully realized until a cultural shift takes place within this industry.

Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (K3) Programs in the Use of Science Laboratories

This research aims to find out the awareness of student behavior in the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety (K3) program of the IPA laboratory at IAIN Kudus. Research uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The subjects in this study were students and PLP laboratories of IPA IAIN Kudus, by means of Simple Random Sampling. The results showed: The implementation of OHS in the IPA laboratory includes two indicators, namely human factors and environmental factors. Human factors that are indicators in this study include attitude in practicum, knowledge in maintaining OHS, and discipline to comply with the order and work according to SOP. While environmental factors include the availability of K3 facilities and infrastructure, the availability of practicum modules Efforts to overcome the obstacles to the implementation of the K3 laboratory at IAIN Kudus include: 1) The IPA Laboratory at IAIN Kudus has been cleaned by the cleaning service every morning and evening by dusting. 2) Preparing a program in the IPA laboratory that is closely related to the activities of handling hazardous chemicals 3) Affirming laboratory rules and work safety (OHS) instructions that must be obeyed by laboratory users 4) If anyone faints or is poisoned, immediately rush to the nearest Health unit. 5) The handling of laboratory waste at IAPA Kudus requires special methods tailored to the type of practicum waste. 6) Make an agreement / study contract with the student about complying with laboratory rules. Then, those who violate can be subject to sanctions or fines. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesadaran berperilaku mahasiswa dalam implementasi program Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) laboratorium IPA di IAIN Kudus. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dan PLP laboratorium IPA IAIN Kudus, dengan cara Simple Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi K3 di laboratorium IPA mencakup dua faktor yaitu faktor manusia dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor manusia mencakup beberapa hal antara lain kebiasaan bersikap dalam melakukan praktikum, pengetahuan dalam menjaga K3, mentaati tata tertib dengan disiplin dan melakukan praktikum sesuai SOP. Sedangkan faktor lingkungan meliputi ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana K3 dan ketersediaan modul praktikum. Upaya mengatasi hambatan pelaksaan K3 laboratorium IAIN Kudus diantaranya yaitu 1) Laboratorium IPA IAIN Kudus dibersihkan oleh cleaning services setiap pagi dan sore hari dengan cara dusting. 2) Menyusun program K3 di laboratorium IPA yang berkaitan erat dengan kegiatan menangani bahan–bahan kimia berbahaya. 3) Menegaskan tata tertib laboratorium dan petunjuk K3 yang harus dipatuhi oleh pengguna laboratorium. 4) Jika ada yang sampai pingsan atau keracunan segera larikan ke unit kesehatan terdekat. 5) Penanganan limbah laboratorium IPA IAIN Kudus memerlukan metode-metode khusus yang disesuaikan dengan jenis limbah praktikum. 6) Membuat kesepakatan/ kontrak belajar dengan mahasiswa tersebut tentang mematuhi tata tertib laboratorium. Lalu, bagi yang melanggar bisa dikenakan sanksi atau denda.

Implementation of Supervision About Patient Safety with an Inguinal Hernia Diagnosed in an Inpatient Room: A Case Study

Introduction: Patient safety has become a global issue that is currently being discussed in all countries. Concerns about patient safety have increased significantly over the last decade. The implementation of supervision is very important in order to improve the implementation of patient safety goals. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of supervision regarding patient safety in patients with a diagnosis of Inguinal Hernia in the Inpatient Room. Method: Used a survey method with a supervision questionnaire for patient safety and a supervision effectiveness questionnaire for patient safety. Results: The results showed that supervision of patient safety in patients with a diagnosis of Inguinal Hernia has been carried out in the Hospital Inpatient Room. Implementation of this supervision is effective to do in order to increase the motivation of nurses in implementing patient safety goals. But the implementation of supervision about patient safety is still not optimally implemented because there are several obstacles such as the patient safety program has not become a priority agenda, there is no driving force, it is carried out under forced conditions such as only because of demands from superiors, there are obstacles due to a lack of understanding of the implementation of patient safety programs, there is no sense of awareness in towards patient safety culture, and non-optimal incident reporting. Conclusion: These results can be a reference for hospitals about the attitude of nurses in monitoring patient safety and should improve existing nursing training by allowing nurses to continue their education to a higher level, by holding regular training on patient safety practices.

Identifying and Assessing Health and Safety Program Implementation Barriers in the Construction Industry: A Case of Saudi Arabia

A significant issue in the construction sector is poor safety performance. Construction sites are hazardous and prone to crashes, with several risks that can lead to accidents, injuries, or even the deaths of site workers or passing road users. Numerous studies have addressed this topic but there aren’t many studies in Saudi Arabia that are comparable. The purpose of this research is to determine which obstacles are standing in the way of the construction industry’s adoption of health and Safety Program. Starting with literature research, obstacles to the implementation of safety initiatives are noted. An analysis method known as the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was utilized to look into additional barriers. It is recommended that a national governance structure be established in order to overcome these barriers and improve safety performance in the construction industry. Decision-makers would move decisively to establish and enhance safety practices in light of the proposed model’s outcomes. By identifying, assessing, and reducing the primary obstacles to safety program implementation, the study’s findings help Saudi Arabia improve safety practices for building projects.

Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for implementation of health and safety programs on construction sites in Nigeria: A mixed-method study

Introduction: Empirical and anecdotal evidence show that construction projects are delivered on work sites where unsafe acts and conditions abound. Researchers have investigated the strategies that can be adopted to effectively implement health and safety (H&S) in projects so as to reduce the high rates of accidents, injuries and fatalities. However, the effectiveness of these strategies have not been marginally established. Therefore, this study established the effectiveness of H&S implementation strategies on accidents, injuries, and fatalities reduction in Nigerian construction projects. Method: A mixed-method research design was adopted for data collection in the study. Physical observations, interviews, and a questionnaire were the instruments used for data collection in the mixed-method research design. Results: The resultant data identified six appropriate strategies for enabling the desired levels of H&S program implementation on construction sites. Setting up statutory bodies such as the Health and Safety Executive to promote awareness, good practices, and standardization was adjudged pertinent as one of the effective H&S implementation programs that can be used to reduce accidents, incidents, and fatalities in projects. It is expected that the adoption of these strategies would culminate in effective H&S program implementation and subsequently a reduction in the prevalence of accidents, injuries, and fatalities in projects.

The effect of community of practice in improving the role of clinical instructor in patient safety implementation by prelicensure nursing students

Introduction: Patient safety problems caused by students leads to different adverse event, hence clinical instructor plays a role in guiding them in the implementation of patient safety programs. Furthermore, the community of practice is considered to improve the role of clinical instructors in patient safety problems. This study is then conducted to measure the impact of community of practice toward the role of clinical instructors in patient safety problems. Design and methods: This is a pre-experimental design for one group and a pre-post test design without a control group. In addition, the sample includes 36 prelicensure nursing students. Result: The results showed that the score of clinical instructors’ role before and after intervention with community of practice implementation was 58 (34-67) and 79.33 with SD of 10,960, respectively, with a significant increase of 24.27. Also, the statistic analysis depicted that the role had a significant effect after implementation, with a p-value of < 0,000. Conclusions: Based on the results, the community of practice had a significant impact in increasing the role of clinical instructors in the implementation of patient safety problems by prelicensure nursing students.

In Search of Differences in the Perception of Safety Climate by Employees of an International Manufacturing Company.

The implementation of effective workforce safety programmes ought to be linked to an understanding of the specificity of the work in the organisation concerned, taking into consideration the assessment of the level of safety expressed by the professional group representing it at the executive level. The main purpose of the study presented in the paper, which is part of a broader project of researching safety culture in the organisation, is a diagnosis of the safety climate in the Polish branch of an international manufacturing company. The following research question was formulated: Is the examined international manufacturing company a homogeneous organisation from the point of view of assessing its safety culture? The research was exploratory. In total, 203 respondents, which amounts to 35% of the employees, participated in the study. The selection of the sample was representative-in proportion to the number of employees in individual departments and their positions in the examined organisation. The presented paper includes an analysis of the results obtained on the basis of the abbreviated version of the Safety Climate Questionnaire, a self-developed tool to assess ten separate dimensions of safety climate. The results of a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with post hoc tests prove that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents representing different positions in the organisation and different areas of employment. The position held in the company significantly differentiates the employees in a statistically significant way-in eight out of eleven diagnostic areas, including the Summary Safety Climate Indicator (SSCI). In the case of department, statistically significant differences were found in seven out of eleven diagnostic areas. Education proved to be the factor that differentiates the respondents the least in terms of the assessment of workplace safety climate. Statistically significant differences occurred only in three out of eleven diagnostic areas. The observed differences in the assessment of the dimensions of workplace safety climate point to the need for the promotion of more diversified and individualised measures, taking into account the specificity of work and the nature of hazards in a given position, and the creation of practical safety programmes not only in the procedural and technical dimensions but also in social and psychological ones.

Implementation Of Patient Safety Program In The Surgical Room By Nurses Based On The Rules Of The Royal Prima Medan Hospital In 2021

Currently, the issue of patient safety is getting serious attention from the government. Hospitals must fulfill the patient's right to security and safety while in hospital treatment. Patient safety is a serious global public health problem. Medical errors can be caused by both system and human factors. This research was conducted at the Royal Prima Hospital Medan with the issue of patient safety at the Central Surgical Installation (CSI). The formulation of the problem in this study is about the implementation of patient safety programs by nurses in the operating room based on the rules of the Royal Prima Hospital Medan in 2021. The type of research used is descriptive using a phenomenological approach which is a type of qualitative research. The population in this study were all nurses who worked in the Central Surgical Installation ward (CSI) of the Royal Prima Hospital Medan. The total sampling was 23 nurses with inclusion criteria, willing to be respondents and not on vacation/leave the service facilities at the hospital. The results showed that the implementation of the patient safety program in the operating room by nurses based on the rules of the Royal Prima Hospital Medan had been implemented and had a program prepared policies and patient safety guidelines as a reference in improving the quality of health services.

Analysis of the Implementation of Occupational SafetyPrograms in an Effort to Increase Work Productivity Using a Fault Tree Analysis Approach (Case study: CV. Permata 7, Wonogiri)

CV. Permata 7 Wonogiri in its operation does not escape the problems faced such as work accidents, occupational diseases and the negative impact of industry on the surrounding environment, the level of human work safety as a production factor is very necessary so that optimal productivity can be achieved. The implementation of work safety programs for workers is an important supporting business in production activities. Every work safety program consists of several program elements and their supporters. In this case the author departs from 2 opinions, namely according to: Edwin B. Flippo and the International Labor Organization (ILO). In this study, the measurement of work safety results and the safe T value, the frequency level for stating the number of accidents that occur every 1,000. 000 hours worked in the current period. Severity level states the number of days lost due to accidents due to accidents for every 1,000,000 working hours of the number of “hours worked” employees. The safety T value is a measurement that aims to compare the results of the accident reduction rate achieved for the work. From the implementation of the occupational health program on CV. Gem 7 Wonogiri can be said to have done quite well. Accidents that occurred in 2005-2007 were 15, 13, 11 times accidents. With the frequency level from 2005-2007 is 64.9; 49.9; 36.1. the severity that occurred in 2005-2007 was 458.9; 284.2; 233.2. With the T-Score of Congratulations in 2006 it was known – 950.2 and in 2007 it was – 1078.2.

Critical Success Factors for Safety Program Implementation of Regeneration of Abandoned Industrial Building Projects in China: A Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach

The regeneration of abandoned industrial buildings (RAIBs) has received extensive attention in urban renewal efforts to achieve urban sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, the construction safety performance of RAIBs is a major challenge with increasing RAIB projects in China. Safety programs have been considered as one of the proactive methods to effectively reduce accidents and injuries in the construction industry. Various studies have conducted critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the effective implementation of safety programs in new buildings. However, the CSFs affecting the construction safety program implementation of RAIBs were ignored. The aim of this study is to determine CSFs that affect the safety program implementation of RAIB projects. First, sixteen factors were identified combining characteristics of RAIBs with literature reviews and experts’ opinion. Second, the fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach are proposed to identify the influencing degree of the factors and categorize these factors into cause-and-effect groups. Then, according to the causal diagram, management support (C1), allocation of authority and responsibility (C3), control of subcontractor (C5), personal attitude (C9), and safety inspections and hazard assessment (C14) are identified as the CSFs for the safety program implementation of RAIBs’ construction. This study guides the managers and stakeholders to especially concentrate on these CSFs in order to improve the efficiency of the safety program implementation of RAIB projects with limited resources. This study also will contribute to the improvement of safety performance and to the sustainable development goal of RAIB projects.

Relationship between the status of occupational health management and job satisfaction among farmers: A health promotion approach.

Job satisfaction is one of the most important issues related to human resources in the organization which can reduce organizational productivity. In this regard, occupational health is an important science related to the health of the workforce in any organization, paying attention to it will help health promotion. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the status of occupational health management and job satisfaction among farmers with a health promotion approach. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. The number of 209 farmers from all villages of Zabol was included by census method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that consisting of three sections of demographic information, occupational safety and health status, and standard job satisfaction questionnaire. At first, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, 5-10 staff working in Agricultural Jihad Organization were asked about the content, clarity, and simplicity of the questionnaire terms. Content validity index and content validity ratio indexes were calculated as 0.68 and 0.83 for occupational health management and 0.69 and 0.83 for job satisfaction questionnaires, respectively. Instrument reliability was also assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.872. Finally, after verifying the validity and reliability of the instrument, a questionnaire was used to collect the research data. Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the findings. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Armonk; NY, USA: IBM Corp. The results of the study indicate that occupational health management was at a moderate to a high level (3.701) and job satisfaction (3.381) was at a moderate to a high level. The standard regression coefficient between occupational health management and job satisfaction was obtained as 0.571. With a confidence of 95%, it can be stated that occupational health management in Zabol city under the supervision of jihad-e-agriculture organization has a significant impact on farmers' job satisfaction. In addition, the research findings confirmed a positive and significant relationship between occupational health management and job satisfaction of employed farmers and showed that the implementation of occupational safety and health programs in the jihad-e-agriculture organization can affect the job satisfaction of farmers. According to the evaluation of research findings, job satisfaction and occupational health management in the Agricultural Jihad Organization are relatively favorable among farmers in Zabol city. It was argued that there is a relationship between occupational health management and job satisfaction, that the implementation of programs related to occupational safety and health management system such as Health and Safety Executive will promote health.

Improvements in Patient Safety Structures and Culture following Implementation of a National Public Program: An Observational Study in Three Brazilian Hospitals

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe and describe the changes in the structures for patient safety (PS) and PS culture (PSC) at the level of health facilities, following the implementation of the National Patient Safety Program (NPSP). Methods: An observational, longitudinal, and descriptive study including follow-up of changes in structure and activities for PS and assessments of PSC before and 15 months after the NPSP enforcement. Three Brazilian hospitals with different management logistics participated in the study (federal public, state public, and private). PSC was measured using the AHRQ’s instrument, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context (Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture [HSOPSC]). Changes in structure and activities to improve PS were mapped against the NPSP objectives. Changes in PSC were assessed by the hospital and discussed considering a change theory based on the literature. Results: Structural changes occurred in all hospitals but at a different pace and extension. A PS unit, adoption of some PS protocols, and training on PS occurred in the three hospitals. PSC significantly improved in all facilities. Public hospitals had the worst baseline PSC but showed greater improvements. The state hospital presented few structural changes and soon had the lowest ratings of PSC. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that external regulatory initiatives can trigger, even if unevenly, actions promoting PS and relevant internal structural changes, which in turn seem to increase awareness and improvement in PSC.

Road Traffic Safety Development Trends in Latvia

The main focus of this article is on the road traffic safety development trends in Latvia. Soon after the regain of independence at the beginning of the 1990s, road traffic safety characteristics in Latvia were the worst in the Latvian history. The increase of car availability and affordability made the car a major road vehicle. The implementation of road safety programmes contributed to essential improvement of road traffic safety in Latvia. The number of road accident fatalities in 2020 compared to 1991 decreased more than sevenfold. Nevertheless, the current Latvian road traffic safety statistics is well below the average level of the EU member states and even the pandemics did not cause similar reduction as in most member states. This indicates that great improvement is still needed. The article shows the Latvian experience in road traffic safety enhancements and discusses the measures to improve road traffic safety.