Implementation Of Renewable Energy Research Articles

Lithium-Ion Conductive Coatings for Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes are among the most promising cathode materials of lithium batteries, ascribed to their high-power density, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, having extensive applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles and national grids. They can boost the wide implementation of renewable energies and thereby contribute to carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable prosperity in the modern society. Nevertheless, these cathodes suffer from significant technical challenges, leading to poor cycling performance and safety risks. The underlying mechanisms are residual lithium compounds, uncontrolled lithium/nickel cation mixing, severe interface reactions, irreversible phase transition, anisotropic internal stress, and microcracking. Notably, they have become more serious with increasing Ni content and have been impeding the widespread commercial applications of Ni-rich cathodes. Various strategies have been developed to tackle these issues, such as elemental doping, adding electrolyte additives, and surface coating. Surface coating has been a facile and effective route and has been investigated widely among them. Of numerous surface coating materials, have recently emerged as highly attractive options due to their high lithium-ion conductivity. In this review, a thorough and comprehensive review of lithium-ion conductive coatings (LCCs) are made, aimed at probing their underlying mechanisms for improved cell performance and stimulating new research efforts.

Development of A Responsible Investment for Low Carbon Economy: Renewable Energy Responsible Investment Index and Conceptual Framework for MENA Region

Responding to climate change creates particular challenges for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in terms of oil output and water scarcity, but also gives potential for new paths to sustainability. The low-carbon energy transition poses critical concerns for MENA oil and gas producers, particularly about the impact on their reliance on hydrocarbon earnings. Without adjustment, this would exacerbate macroeconomic imbalances and possibly jeopardise pre-existing social contracts. Politicians are attempting to promote a variety of renewable energy sources and implementation tactics in order to mitigate the adverse consequences of climate change. As a result, the development of an index capable of effectively measuring and benchmarking the overall sustainability and economics of a country becomes necessary. In reality, the index should be capable of reflecting a near-complete assessment of renewable energy's current and future conditions. Simultaneously, it should be capable of revealing critical ESG and economic aspects of the renewable energy business. The proposal aims to create a composite index, dubbed the Renewable Energy Responsible Investment Index (RERII). It is comprised of 19 nations and 22 distinct metrics. From 2010 to 2019, a trend in RERII is computed. The RERII suggested in this work may be utilised as a screening tool, a decision-making tool, a benchmarking tool, and a tool for guiding sustainable development.

Decarbonising mining of Australia's critical mineral deposits: Opportunities for sustainable mining through solar photovoltaics and wind energy integration

Critical minerals are essential in numerous industrial applications, particularly those related to green energy production. Nonetheless, the mining and processing of these minerals are severely energy-intensive, relying predominantly on diesel, coal, and gas as sources of power in Australia. Consequently, the use of diesel, coal, and gas as power sources results in a substantial carbon footprint. An important research gap that remains to be explored in the Australian mining sector is investigating the potential for decarbonising the mining of critical minerals through the implementation of renewable energy to attain sustainable mining. This study examines the potential of using solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy towards the decarbonisation of critical mineral deposits, taking into account both the intrinsic mineral characteristics such as ore grade, ore depth, and co-existing mineral clusters, as well as external factors such as the capacity factor (CF) and the periods of low energy generation (lull times) of solar PV and wind, which are crucial in assessing the availability of the renewable energy sources explored. The results from this study indicate that a considerable number of critical mineral deposits in Australia are remotely located from the existing national transmission line infrastructure. These deposits often form geographical clusters and typically have favourable conditions for solar PV and wind energy implementation, characterised by high capacity factors and minimal lull times in solar PV/wind. This clustering presents a promising opportunity for powering mining activities with solar PV and wind energy, thus facilitating the decarbonisation of mining operations in Australia through the utilisation of shared renewable energy infrastructures. Moreover, the study identifies specific mineral deposits that are most suitable for decarbonisation with solar PV and wind energy integration. The research method used in this study proposes an evaluative framework that correlates the capacity factor of solar PV and wind with lull times from these sources, as well as with mineral intrinsic characteristics within deposits. This framework enables a comparative analysis of different deposits, assessing their relative suitability for the integration of solar PV and wind energy technologies. This framework is versatile and can be employed to assess different renewable energy sources, making it applicable to various global contexts. The findings from this study underscore the transformative potential of renewable energy sources, indicating that solar PV and wind energy offer new opportunities for attaining decarbonised and sustainable mining in Australia.

CO2 emissions: A challenge but also a big opportunity for Spain

Spain is among the 11 virtuous European countries that achieved the 2020 European targets, including the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the implementation of renewable energy. Yet, about 250 Mtons CO2 equivalent were still emitted in 2020 and is out of the question that the current efforts are not sufficient to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. This Policy Brief aims to describe the current situation, critically analyze the trends, and give recommendations to the policy makers based on the ten-year experience of our group on CO2 emissions research.

Techno-economic feasibility study of solar photovoltaic power plant using RETScreen to achieve Indonesia energy transition

Indonesia, a key player in the global energy transition, faces surging electricity demand and ambitious renewable energy goals. In response, the government introduced a new regulation about renewable energy tariffs, including tariffs for photovoltaic (PV). However, there remains a gap in the academic literature regarding PV power plant feasibility studies under these tariffs. To address this gap, this study investigates the feasibility of a utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant in Indonesia, focusing on the newly implemented renewable energy tariffs based on Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and Indonesia's state-owned electricity company (PLN) perspectives. Five scenarios were developed based on the proposed 26 MW solar power plant on Nias Island utilizing RETScreen software. The results showed that based on the IPP perspective, the newly implemented renewable energy tariff was inadequate to make the project feasible, however, an introduction of a 10 USD/t CO2 emission incentive would make the project financially viable for IPPs. Therefore, it is recommended to introduce emission incentives as a strategic approach to attract investors and stimulate investment in Indonesia's PV power plants market, to accelerate Indonesia's energy transition. Conversely, the results also showed that the project is very profitable for PLN due to the significant cost-savings from the de-dieselization, leading to a reduction in the average generation cost for Nias.

Remote island renewable transition potential: Affordable, reliable and sustainable generation optimisation for Mornington island

Remote islands, comprising over one-sixth of the Earth's surface area and home to approximately 9% of the global population, face formidable challenges in securing affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy. This paper presents a pioneering investigation into Mornington Island's transition from diesel reliance to renewable energy predominance over the next four decades. By demonstrating the tangible benefits of renewable energy implementation on Mornington Island, this research provides compelling simulated evidence that blending traditional and renewable energy sources can revolutionize energy provision for small island communities. Employing hybrid Wind-Solar renewable energy systems bolstered by an effective battery storage system (ESS), this innovative approach ensures a seamless shift to renewable energy, resilient against seasonal variations and extreme weather events such as cyclones. Our analysis, conducted through a tech-economic model simulating each 5% increment of renewable energy penetration, reveals that renewable energy outperforms traditional diesel generation in terms of affordability over a 40-year operational span. Specifically, a 95% renewable energy penetration yields the lowest levelized energy cost ($162.2/MWh), resulting in a remarkable $8.54 million reduction in diesel costs. A 5% diesel component secures annual energy supply, bridging the gap during periods of seasonal renewable energy variability and extreme cyclonic weather. While achieving 100% renewable energy generation is financially feasible, challenges arise in scaling battery capacity to stabilize energy supply during cyclone seasons. Moreover, our carbon accounting model indicates that although the construction of renewable energy infrastructure entails some indirect (Scope 3) carbon emissions, a 95% renewable penetration mitigates emissions by 90% compared to traditional diesel generation, amounting to a reduction of 39.17 kilotons over the 40-year period. This comprehensive study provides policymakers with invaluable insights, fostering a holistic understanding of the financial, technical, environmental, and political dimensions inherent in island energy transitions.

Comparative analysis of the current energy of Colombia and the countries of its meridian.

The research focuses on the evaluation of the progress of the renewable installed capacity of the meridian countries with Colombia. Junto a Colombia, there are 12 other countries that are crossed by an imaginary line that surrounds the planet and because of this, each of these countries that it crosses, have a similar climatology, which, compared to Colombia, is assimilated to have the same conditions for the implementation of renewable energies. A bibliographic compilation was carried out where the amount of published information that can show the moment that the energy sector of each country that belongs to the Equatorial Meridian is going through was taken into account, with the aim of analyzing and comparing the energy news of Colombia with respect to these. This study shows the current energy state of each country, where different points are observed in relation to renewable and conventional energies. This comparative analysis was carried out based on the information found and gives a good impression of Colombia in the current and future energy field, but with difficulties due to factors outside its projection.

Evaluating the Potential of Floating Photovoltaic Plants in Pumped Hydropower Reservoirs in Spain

The Spanish government is a strong advocate of reducing CO2 emissions and has made a clear commitment to the implementation of renewable energies. As reflected in Spain’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), its objective is to double the current capacity of pumped hydropower storage (PHS) plants by 2030. Therefore, the study presented here is both current and forward-looking. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the technical potential of installing floating photovoltaic (FPV) plants at 25 PHS plants in Spain, i.e., the total capacity of Spanish hydropower plants. The study was conducted using various assessment indicators: the global horizontal irradiance ratio, electrical efficiency ratio, area required ratio, pumping area ratio, volume ratio of water pumped per day, and achievable power ratio. In summary, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) The global horizontal irradiance ratio indicates whether a FPV plant is economically viable. From this point of view, the Aguayo PHS plant and the Tanes PHS plant are not suitable, as this ratio is very low; (ii) the compliance with the electrical efficiency ratio is flexible, and all hydropower plants meet this criterion; (iii) maximising the use of the assigned grid connection capacity is one of the goals sought by electrical companies when implementing FPV plants at existing PHS plants. The following hydropower plants are not suitable for the implementation of an FPV plant in view of the following: La Muela I, La Muela II, Aguayo, Sallente, Aldeadavila II, Moralets, Guillena, Bolarque II, Montamara, and IP; (iv) if the aim is energy storage, the following hydropower plants are not suitable for the implementation of an FPV plant: the La Muela I, La Muela II, Tajo de la Encantada, Aguayo, Sallente, Aldeadavila II, Conso, Moralets, Guillena, Bolarque II, Tanes, Montamara, Soutelo, Bao-Puente Bibey, Santiago de Jares, IP, and Urdiceto; (v) if the aim is to expand an FPV plant already installed at a PHS plant, the following hydropower plants do not meet this criterion: the La Muela I, La Muela II, Aguayo, Sallente, Aldeadavila, Moralets, Guillena, Bolarque II, Montamara, and IP. There are only eight hydropower plants that meet conditions (i), (iii) and (iv): the Villarino, Torrejon, Valparaiso, Gabriel y Galan, Guijo de Granadilla, Pintado, and Gobantes.

The interaction between remittance, FDI, renewable energy, and environmental quality: a panel data analysis for the top remittance-receiving countries.

A country's financing system is essential in addressing sustainable development requirements. National sources and international financial flows contribute to economic growth and environmental quality in many ways, and their impact can be critical. This paper applied panel data analysis using a comparative approach of Pooled Mean Group Auto Regressive Distribute Lags (PMG-ARDL) and Cross Sectionally ARDL (CS-ARDL) to estimate the effects of FDI, renewable energy, and remittance on environmental quality in the top remittance-receiving countries, during 2000-2021. The study emphasized the positive relationship between FDI and carbon emissions. Moreover, renewable energy and remittances revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon emissions. In the case of developing countries from the panel, remittance improves environmental quality after reaching the threshold. Moreover, for some of the developing countries included in the panel, we found that they do not achieve the desired carbon mitigation effect in their early stages of renewable energy implementation. However, renewable energy becomes a key factor for tackling environmental pollution after a certain threshold. The mixed results determined diverse policy recommendations for various stakeholders.

Forecasting the development of renewable national energy in the tourism sector of Ukraine

The article is devoted to a systematic review of modern trends in the use of renewable energy sources and their impact on the country's energy system. The basis of the analysis is the assessment of the degree of technological maturity of renewable energy technologies, the effectiveness of their implementation in comparison with traditional energy sources. Thanks to the wide scope of the analysis, the article will make an important contribution to the understanding of the prospects and determinants of the effective implementation of renewable national energy in the context of modern energy challenges and can serve as a basis for further research in this area. This article employs Holt's method to construct predictive models for four key components of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Ukraine - wind, solar, hydro, and biomass. Based on the forecasting results, the authors have determined the prospects for the development of renewable energy resources in Ukraine. The findings underscore the strategic importance of intensifying development efforts, attracting investments, and revisiting energy policies to align with global trends towards carbon-neutral economies. The results prompt recommendations for revising the Energy Strategy of Ukraine, and optimizing regulatory frameworks for effective energy service supervision. In light of these projections, the article emphasizes the need for proactive measures to ensure sustainable and environmentally friendly growth in Ukraine's renewable energy sector.

Blockchain-enabled renewable energy certificate trading: A secure and privacy-preserving approach

In the 21st century, transitioning to renewable energy sources is imperative, with fossil fuel reserves depleting rapidly and recognizing critical environmental issues such as climate change, air pollution, water pollution, and habitat destruction. Embracing renewable energy is not only an environmental necessity but also a strategic move with multiple benefits. By shifting to renewable energy sources and supporting their production through the acquisition of renewable energy certificates, we foster innovation and drive economic growth in the renewable energy sector. This, in turn, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change. Additionally, renewable energy certificates ensure compliance with regulations that mandate the use of renewable energy, enhancing legal adherence while promoting transparency and trust in energy sourcing. To monitor the uptake of renewable energy, governments have implemented Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) as a tracking mechanism for the production and consumption of renewable energy. They certify the generation of a specific amount of electricity from renewable sources, allowing for accurate tracking of renewable energy contributions to the overall energy mix. However, there are two main challenges to the existing REC schema: (1) The RECs have not been globally adopted due to inconsistent design; (2) The consumer privacy has not been well incorporated in the design of blockchain. In this study, we investigate the trading of RECs between suppliers and consumers using the directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain system and introduce a trading schema to help protect consumer information. The DAG system reduces the intense calculation of typical blockchains for scalability and lowers mining fees by eliminating the mining of blocks. The proposed approach allows renewable energy suppliers and consumers to trade RECs globally and to take advantage of secure trading transactions. Our results demonstrate lower transaction time by 41% and energy consumption by 65% compared to proof-of-stake.

Towards Totally Aqueous Membrane-Free Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Challenges

The implementation of renewable energies (solar, wind, etc) is driven the development of new energy storage systems that can mitigate their inherent intermittency solving the mismatch between the energy demand and production. Among different systems, electrochemical energy storage devices stand out due to their efficiency, flexibility and modularity. Specifically, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) are the unique type of battery able to decouple energy and power densities which makes them versatile and adaptable to different applications. Nevertheless, although they are commercially available, their implementation is limited by the high cost and issues associated with some components such as the vanadium-based electrolytes and Nafion ion-exchange membranes. In this regard, our approach to overcome these limitations is the development of a membrane-free flow battery based on immiscible/biphasic electrolytes with organic active species1,2. In this talk, we will present a totally aqueous membrane-free battery based on a sustainable and safe aqueous biphasic system with near neutral pH and highly soluble organic active species. The aqueous biphasic electrolytes allow a selective thermodynamic separation of the active species instead of using any membrane or physical barrier. Thanks to a new flow-cell design3, it becomes the first example of aqueous membrane-free flow battery (Figure 1). The results show high coulombic efficiency (94%), capacity utilization (98%), and stable long-term performance over 250 cycles4. The fundamental aspects and the last advances in this innovative concept will be discussed.Figure 1 Schematic representation of the development of a membrane-free flow battery based on two aqueous biphasic electrolytes with organic active species.

Environmental Sustainability Implications and Economic Prosperity of Integrated Renewable Solutions in Urban Development

The increasing urbanization and growth of cities worldwide have led to a significant increase in energy demand. As a transition to a low carbon environment occurs, the role of renewable and sustainable energy systems in urban areas is benefiting industry and the environment alike. From this perspective, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a lot to offer to the energy industry, particularly the integration of renewable and sustainable energy systems for environmental protection in cities. This study presents a comprehensive view that integrates technological, economic, political, and social challenges confronted with the effective implementation of renewable and sustainable energy in urban cities and proposes a solution agenda to overcome these hurdles with the aid of the SDGs. The weights for the challenges of adopting renewable and sustainable energy systems were determined using the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method. The SDGs were then ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique to overcome predetermined challenges. The originality of this study lies in finding solutions to the determined challenges by adopting SDGs, emphasizing the need for integrated solutions that address energy-related concerns, and highlighting the role and importance of SDGs in environmental protection. The study highlights the importance of SDGs in promoting renewable energy integration in urban areas, with SDG 11 being the most crucial to mitigate harmful environmental occurrences related to energy-related issues in urban areas, followed by SDG 7 and SDG 13.

The potential of multiapartment rooftop PV systems as citizen’ energy communities in Latvia

Electricity generation from photovoltaic (PV) in Latvia is currently below the necessary capacity required to contribute to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, photovoltaic offer households and companies the opportunity to align their electricity consumption with environmental goals while supporting the European Green Deal objectives. In recent years, there was a growing interest in the installation of photovoltaic microgenerators in Latvia. By June 2023, the total number of households microgenerators connected to the grid has reached 15,000, boasting a collective production capacity exceeding 120 MW. This significant increase is in stark contrast to the situation 5 years ago when Latvia had a mere 3 MW of photovoltaic capacity. Several factors contributed to this growth, including a surge in electricity prices, at times surging more than tenfold, and the implementation of renewable energy (RE) use support measures to facilitate the acquisition of RE systems. Furthermore, 2023 witnessed numerous amendments to Latvia’s energy policy documents and the introduction of the concept of citizen energy communities (CEC), indicating a growing emphasis on harnessing solar energy potential in the country. However, it remains crucial to base these endeavors on accurate, economically viable information regarding solar technologies, their costs and their anticipated long-term outcomes. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the grid-connected potential of rooftop photovoltaic systems within a Latvian urban setting. Through extensive research, a model has been developed, employing a thoroughly tested simulation program for evaluating the generation capacity of photovoltaic systems. This model considers real electricity consumption data, the existing infrastructure and economic factors. The findings affirm the technical and economic viability of urban rooftop photovoltaic systems within the Latvian context. It has been established that the implementation of such citizen energy communities energy systems holds significant potential. These systems have the potential to be a promising solution for future electricity generation, addressing some of the demands while relieving strain on external power grids. However, the full potential can only be realized with improved infrastructure, and the system’s profitability is heavily contingent on market dynamics and political conditions. This study may also be applicable to other photovoltaic systems facing similar climate conditions.

Implementation of renewable energy using smart light solar cell system for mosque energy efficiency

The outreach activity focuses on improving energy efficiency at Sirothol Mustaqim Mosque in Pasuruan Regency. The primary issue addressed is how to meet the lighting needs of the mosque while minimizing the use of PLN electricity and optimizing the use of lamps and electricity based on the number of congregants. The main objective is to implement renewable energy through solar panels to replace conventional electricity, analyze the efficiency of electricity usage based on lighting requirements, and enhance electricity efficiency based on time and lamp location. Expected outcomes include increased electricity usage efficiency, reduced operational costs for mosque management, and advanced scientific and technological knowledge in the general community. The participatory action research (PAR) method emphasizes active participation and collaboration between academics and the community. The project commences with a field survey to identify energy needs and the potential for solar energy sources on-site. Subsequently, project planning and design are carried out, followed by project implementation with training for mosque administrators. The results of the project's implementation include energy usage efficiency, the integration of renewable energy in a religious context, and contributions to understanding environmental responsibilities. The success of the implementation measure calculations for the usage time of 40-watt lamps using solar energy are provided, along with a comparison of PLN electricity costs and solar energy usage costs. The analyses demonstrate favorable energy efficiency using solar power.

Energy Status in Africa: Challenges, Progress and Sustainable Pathways

Access to modern energy is essential for socioeconomic development, yet Africa faces significant challenges in this regard. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is marked by economic underdevelopment and poverty largely due to the non-environmentally friendly energy used (wood, charcoal) and limited access to modern energy resources. Indeed, this review provides an overview of the African energy landscape; it provides a comprehensive renewables-focused energy pathway for developing a cleaner and more sustainable African energy system. It explores end-use sector electrification in both rural and urban areas in Africa. It emphasizes the rapid expansion of renewable generation, the challenges facing and solutions for the implementation of renewable energy, and the role of emerging technologies. It also presents technological pathways and investment opportunities that will enrich the regional debate and help accelerate the energy transformation across Africa. The analysis demonstrated that the current trends of renewable energy used are hydropower, wind power, biomass, and geothermal energy. The electrification rate in West Africa is less than 58% in urban areas and less than 25% in rural areas. Results show that 65% of the SSA population does not have access to electricity and 81% rely on wood and charcoal. In West Africa, only Ghana (70% or so) and Cape Verde (95.9% or so) have equitable access to electricity between rural and urban areas. The potentiality of solar irradiance in Africa ranges between 3 and 7 KWh/m2/day. The wind speed ranges from 3 m/s to 10 m/s; the wave power can range from 7 to 25 kW/m per site in island regions. Egypt, Morocco, Ethiopia, Tunisia, and South Africa are, respectively, countries leading in wind power technology, and solar energy technology was more advanced in North Africa and South Africa. Finally, geothermal is only developed in Kenya and Tanzania and Kenya is the leader in that field. Although renewable energy in Africa is still growing year to year, it still faces power outages because most renewable energy potentialities are not yet exploited, the technologies used are weak, there is insufficient funding, there is ineffective infrastructure, and there are inadequate or no policies in that field.

Validity of Teaching Modules with Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted by E-Book to Improve Problem-Solving Skills on Renewable Energy Material and Implementation of Independent Learning Curriculum

Problem-solving skills are an important basic competency in 21st-century learning through the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. However, the problem-solving skills of students in Indonesia are still low. Therefore, an effective learning model is needed to improve problem-solving skills, one of which is through the development of teaching modules. This study aims to develop teaching modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) assisted by e-books to improve the problem-solving skills of grade X high school students based on content, construct, and language feasibility. This research uses a development approach with the 4D model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this research only focuses on the development stage (Develop) by conducting module validation. The validation was conducted by three validators, namely educational expert lecturers and material expert lecturers. The results showed that the PBL-based teaching module to improve problem-solving skills had met the validity criteria regarding content, construct, and language. By using the mode value, a value of 4 and a validity percentage of 100% were obtained with a very valid category. Therefore, the teaching module developed is suitable for use in trials on students in the learning process to improve problem-solving skills.

An Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of Renewable Energy in the Supply of Electricity

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all activities, including the electricity supply. As a developing nation, Indonesia is also severely affected by the diversion of significant resources to combat Covid-19. On the other hand, Indonesia is committed to reducing emissions in the energy sector, which includes implementing renewable energy technologies to provide electricity. This article examines the effect of the post-covid-19 pandemic situation on the implementation of renewable energy in the electricity supply. The case study examined is the electricity supply in the province of Yogyakarta, which obtains its electricity from outside the province but has multiple forms of renewable energy that can be optimized in the electricity supply. There are three scenarios discussed: the current target scenario, the lower target scenario, and the supply security scenario. The current target scenario includes predetermined renewable energy goals. The lower target scenario is used to characterize Covid-19's impact on the implementation of renewable energy. The supply security scenario is the most optimistic, as it optimizes the use of renewable energy in the electricity supply while ignoring the impact of the co-19 pandemic. The current target scenario is used as a benchmark against which the other two scenarios are compared. Comparing the lower target scenario to the current target scenario, the lower target scenario results in 9.6% lower capital costs and 4.1% higher greenhouse gas emissions. The least greenhouse gas emissions are produced by the supply security scenario, but the capacity costs are the highest.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Management Policies to Support Renewable Energy Implementation in Oil and Gas Company Using VOSviewer

This study aims to analyze oil and gas management policies to support the implementation of renewable energy use by using VOSviewer, a bibliometric analysis tool, to examine the oil and gas management policy research landscape. The dataset consisted of 1308 articles which were collected from the Scopus database, accessed on June, 15th 2023, using keywords related to oil and gas, policy, and renewable energy, and also restricted to specific disciplines, including energy, environmental science, engineering, business, management, and accounting. The results of this study firmly show how important the role of renewable energy initiatives serve in the oil and gas industry. The implementation of renewable energy initiatives in the oil and gas industry not only contributes to enhanced operational efficiency and cost reduction but also promotes environmental sustainability. It was further identified that management policies play an essential role in facilitating the successful integration of renewable energy. These policies should emphasize renewable energy integration, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, the provision of incentives and subsidies, the promotion of collaboration, and alignment with institutional factors. A successful shift to renewable energy also requires change management strategies that include components like a clear vision, leadership commitment, goal setting, resource allocation, employee involvement, stakeholder engagement, and continuing evaluation.

Utilizing Microelectrodes to Understand Indirect Redox Targeting Reactions for High Energy Density Flow Batteries

One of the major problems with widespread implementation of renewable energy is the lack of cost-effective long-duration grid-scale energy storage filling in for the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are considered a promising solution to this problem due to their decoupled energy and power capabilities, allowing them to be scaled up for long-duration more efficiently and cost-effectively than other electrochemical energy storage devices [1]. The energy capacity of RFBs is primarily determined by the quantity of active species in the electrolyte, which is a product of the volume and the concentration. Thus, the limiting factor for energy density in RFBs is typically the solubility of the active species [2]. One probable path to enhancing the energy density without increasing the concentration is by utilizing the concept of indirect redox targeting reactions [3]. These redox-targeting flow batteries (RTFB) use solid charge storage materials in the electrolyte tanks to boost capacity, allowing the active species to act as mediators which transfer their charge by reversibly reducing or oxidizing the solid material [4].In this study, cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) was used as a solid capacity booster in an electrolyte containing vanadium(iv/v)bis-hydroxyiminodiacetate (VBH) as mediators in acetonitrile. Constant current cycling was performed in a symmetric cell configuration with vanadium ions shuttling between vanadium(iv) and vanadium(v) oxidation states. To monitor the concentration of redox active species accurately and in real-time, a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode (UME) was installed on the capacity limiting half-cell. This in-line UME set-up provides a better understanding of how CoHCF interacts with mediators and insights on active species crossover between half-cells. In addition, this study aims to examine the kinetics of the indirect redox-targeting reactions. As a rarely studied charge transfer process, very few studies have been reported on the kinetics of indirect redox targeting reactions [5]. Scanning electrochemical microscopy is used to understand how counter cations affect the kinetics of the reaction between the solid booster material and the mediator. Various counter cations (e.g., Ca2+, Na+, Li+) are used with the previously mentioned VBH-based mediators in order to determine the effective rate constants (keff) as well as the reversibility of the charge transfer reactions.