Implementation Of Precautions Research Articles

Individual Factors Related to Compliance with Standard Wisdom Implementation in Nurses at Rsud Dr. Rasidin Padang

Background: It is difficult to control the behavior of health workers implementing standard precautions when providing services to patients which results in infection rates in hospitals being difficult to make zero percent. This can be detrimental to the hospital and the client. Reducing this problem requires efforts by the hospital to increase the compliance of health workers, especially nurses in implementing standard precautions. Objective: This study is to identify individual factors associated with standard precautions in nurses at RSUD dr. Rasidin Padang. Method: This type of research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. The sample amounted to 45 nurses in the ICU, CVCU, NICU who were taken by total sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire, data were analyzed univariate and bivariate. Results: The results showed that almost all nurses were compliant in implementing standard precautions, almost all nurses aged 20-35 were female, had a Ners education and had training. There is a significant relationship between attitude factors, nurse motivation with compliance with the implementation of standard precautions (p <0.05) while there is no significant relationship between factors of education level, age, gender, training with compliance with the implementation of standard precautions in nurses with (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise the obligation to implement standard precautions by nurses and there is an agenda for training on standard precautions on an ongoing basis.

Classification and Severity Level Assessment of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Chickpeas using Convolutional Neural Network

Background: The fusarium wilt disease of chickpea leaves is a common illness that leads to economic problems for farmers due decreased crop yield. Early disease detection and the implementation of suitable precautions can help to increase the yield of chickpeas. This study offers an improved method for Fusarium wilt disease prediction based on severity level using a convolutional neural learning algorithm. Methods: The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is utilized in this work to identify leaf disease due to wilting. The dataset contains 4,339 images of chickpea leaves that were obtained from Kaggle. After preprocessing, the data is sent into the network model for training. The model shows acceptable classification and accuracy metrics. Result: Deep learning methods are very useful tools for tracking leaf diseases at their early stages and can help farmers with the use of controlling methods. The proposed work looks for changes in the shape and color of chickpea leaves in order to predict severe fusarium disease. Training and validation accuracies show a balanced trade-off by giving satisfactory outcomes. The model shows an overall accuracy of 74.79%. The confusion matrix and classification parameters increase the model’s performance.

Secondary attack rate following on-site isolation of patients with suspected COVID-19 in multiple-bed rooms

The implementation of isolation precautions for patients with suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pending test results is resource intensive. Due to the limited availability of single-bed rooms at our institution, we isolated patients with suspected COVID-19 together with patients without suspected COVID-19 on-site in multiple-bed rooms until SARS-CoV-2-test results were available. We evaluated the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to individuals sharing the room with patients isolated on-site. This observational study was performed at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, from 03/20 − 11/20. Secondary attack rates were compared between patients hospitalized in multiple-bed rooms and exposed to individuals subjected to on-site isolation precautions (on-site isolation group), and patients exposed to individuals initially not identified as having COVID-19, and not placed under isolation precautions until the diagnosis was suspected (control group). Transmission events were confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Among 1,218 patients with suspected COVID-19, 67 (5.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 21 were isolated on-site potentially exposing 27 patients sharing the same room. Median contact time was 12 h (interquartile range 7–18 h). SARS-CoV-2 transmission was identified in none of the patients in the on-site isolation group vs. 10/63 (15.9%) in the control group (p = 0.03). Isolation on-site of suspected COVID-19-patients in multiple-bed rooms avoided single-room occupancy and subsequent in-hospital relocation for many patients without confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infection. The absence of secondary transmission among the exposed patients in the on-site isolation group allows for assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of this strategy given the limitation of a small sample size.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B, C and D in Adults in Trabzon, Türkiye

Viral hepatitis are infections that can cause liver damage, become chronic, lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately result in death due to their ability to spread in the community through blood and infected body fluids. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis D (HDV) transmitted through blood among individuals living in Trabzon province and to examine the factors potentially associated with seroprevalence. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Trabzon province, located in the northeast of Türkiye, including a total of 10 districts, including the central district. Since seroprevalence was calculated for HBV, HCV, and HDV in the study, the sample size was separately calculated for each, and the calculated maximum sample size of 1116 was accepted as the minimum sample size for the study. The study was completed with 1502 participants. Serological tests for HBV included HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG; for HCV, anti-HCV; and for HDV, anti-HDV were analysed. Data were evaluated for HBV risk factors using univariate analyses with Chi-square test and for multiple analyses using enter model logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the participants was 45.7 ± 16.6 years, with 767 (51.1%) being female. The prevalence of HBV seropositivity, indicating vaccination, was 23.0%, while the seroprevalence of HBV among unvaccinated adults was 27.4%. HBsAg positivity was 5.1%, and isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity was 4.2%. The proportion of individuals with HBsAg in the gray zone was 0.5%, while the positivity rates for anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG (indicating past infection) were 17.6%. The prevalence of anti-HCV was six per thousand, while anti-HDV was not detected in the analyses. HBsAg positivity and co-infection with HCV were found in one person, and among the nine individuals positive for anti-HCV, isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity was detected in three. Increasing age, presence of a person with jaundice in the family, presence of diabetes mellitus, alcohol use and cupping therapy were identified as risk factors for HBV in the logistic regression analysis. Risk factors for HCV in univariate analyses were being over 40 years old, presence of hepatic steatosis and receiving dialysis treatment. The results of the study indicate that despite being included in our vaccination schedule and the administration of vaccines to high-risk adults, HBV still requires intensive attention as a public health problem. HCV, lacking a vaccine has been evaluated as an infectious agent that needs to be taken into consideration due to its potential risks and requires the complete implementation of individual and social precautions.

Magnitude of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in health facilities of Low and Middle Income Countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Standard precautions are the minimum standard of infection control to prevent transmission of infectious agents, protect healthcare workers, patients, and visitors regardless of infection status. The consistent implementation of standard precautions is highly effective in reducing transmission of pathogens that cause HAIs. Despite their effectiveness, compliance, resources, patient behavior, and time constraints are some of the challenges that can arise when implementing standard precautions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to show the pooled prevalence of safe standard precaution practices among healthcare workers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for this study. We systematically searched observational study articles from PubMed Central and Google Scholar. We included articles published any year and involving healthcare workers. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias (funnel plot, and Egger's tests) were conducted. A total of 46 articles were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was 53%, with a 95% CI of (47, 59). These studies had a total sample size of 14061 with a minimum sample size of 17 and a maximum sample size of 2086. The majority of the studies (82.6%) were conducted in hospitals only (all kinds), and the remaining 17.4% were conducted in all health facilities, including hospitals. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was suboptimal. The findings of this study can have substantial implication for healthcare practice and policy making by providing robust evidence with synthesized and pooled evidence from multiple studies. Registered on PROSPERO with record ID: CRD42023395129, on the 9th Feb. 2023.

Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on self-poisoning behaviour with mild analgesics in Danish youth

Background The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the implementation of precautions to contain the disease, including lockdowns and social isolation. Previous studies have investigated suicide rates among children and adolescents during the pandemic and have found varying results. We speculated how the two lockdowns influenced suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents in Denmark. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide attempts, as measured by the incidence rate in all self-poisonings with mild analgesics among children and adolescents. Methods This national Danish registry-based study on children and adolescents used Poisson regression and interrupted time series analysis to examine the incidence rates and trends of self-poisonings with mild analgesics from 2019 to mid-2021. Results For the period of this study, 1655 self-poisonings were registered. During the first lockdown, there was a slight, not statistically significant, decrease in self-poisoning rates (incidence rate ratio [IRR]) 0.98) compared to no lockdown. During the second lockdown, there was a significant increase in self-poisonings for the whole Danish population (IRR 1.85) with girls being slightly higher at risk (IRR 1.87). Being a girl or between the ages of 13–17 years old were risk factors for self-poisoning. Conclusion These findings indicate that the restrictions enforced during the second lockdown greatly impacted youth mental health, especially girls, leading to an 85% increase in self-poisonings. We hope for increased awareness of mental health in children and adolescents during possible future lockdowns.

Application of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Isolation Directives for Patients Exposed to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain an ongoing public health concern. Although directives are subject to change, nurse practitioners must have a strong working knowledge of COVID-19 precaution and isolation directives to counsel patients on proper implementation of precaution and isolation strategies. This article informs clinicians regarding some input that informs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s COVID-19 isolation directives, provides a review of the most recent directives to symptomatic and asymptomatic patients testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, discusses the use of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s COVID-19 Isolation and Exposure Calculator; and examines the NP’s role in guiding future research and public health initiatives.

Decreased Seasonal Influenza Rates Detected in a Crowdsourced Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance System During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Cohort Study.

Seasonal respiratory viruses had lower incidence during their 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 seasons, which overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic. The widespread implementation of precautionary measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been seen to also mitigate transmission of seasonal influenza. The COVID-19 pandemic also led to changes in care seeking and access. Participatory surveillance systems have historically captured mild illnesses that are often missed by surveillance systems that rely on encounters with a health care provider for detection. This study aimed to assess if a crowdsourced syndromic surveillance system capable of detecting mild influenza-like illness (ILI) also captured the globally observed decrease in ILI in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 influenza seasons, concurrent with the COVID-19 pandemic. Flu Near You (FNY) is a web-based participatory syndromic surveillance system that allows participants in the United States to report their health information using a brief weekly survey. Reminder emails are sent to registered FNY participants to report on their symptoms and the symptoms of household members. Guest participants may also report. ILI was defined as fever and sore throat or fever and cough. ILI rates were determined as the number of ILI reports over the total number of reports and assessed for the 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021 influenza seasons. Baseline season (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019) rates were compared to the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 influenza seasons. Self-reported influenza diagnosis and vaccination status were captured and assessed as the total number of reported events over the total number of reports submitted. CIs for all proportions were calculated via a 1-sample test of proportions. ILI was detected in 3.8% (32,239/848,878) of participants in the baseline seasons (2016-2019), 2.58% (7418/287,909) in the 2019-2020 season, and 0.27% (546/201,079) in the 2020-2021 season. Both influenza seasons that overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic had lower ILI rates than the baseline seasons. ILI decline was observed during the months with widespread implementation of COVID-19 precautions, starting in February 2020. Self-reported influenza diagnoses decreased from early 2020 through the influenza season. Self-reported influenza positivity among ILI cases varied over the observed time period. Self-reported influenza vaccination rates in FNY were high across all observed seasons. A decrease in ILI was detected in the crowdsourced FNY surveillance system during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 influenza seasons, mirroring trends observed in other influenza surveillance systems. Specifically, the months within seasons that overlapped with widespread pandemic precautions showed decreases in ILI and confirmed influenza. Concerns persist regarding respiratory pathogens re-emerging with changes to COVID-19 guidelines. Traditional surveillance is subject to changes in health care behaviors. Systems like FNY are uniquely situated to detect disease across disease severity and care seeking, providing key insights during public health emergencies.

Relationship of Patient Safety Culture to Compliance with the Implementation of Standard Precautions by Nurses in the Inpatition of Royal Prima Hospital Medan

Patient safety is a system that makes patient care safer, including risk assessment, identification and management of patient risks, incident reporting and analysis, the ability to learn from incidents and follow up, as well as implementing solutions to minimize risks and prevent injuries caused by errors. The consequences of carrying out an action or not taking an action that should be taken. This type of research is quantitative research with an analytical descriptive design. The level of compliance with the application of universal precautions shows that the majority of respondents are compliant in implementing universal precautions with a total of 73 respondents (58.4%) and for respondents whose level of Compliance with the Implementation of Universal Precautions is not 52 people (41.6%).

Deaths related to drowning in Antalya, an important tourism center in the Mediterranean region: A 10-year retrospective study.

Objectives: Drowning is one of the most common causes of accidental deaths in all age groups. This study aims to compare the sociodemographic data, scene of incident findings, clinical characteristics, and autopsy findings of Turkish and foreign victims of drowning in Antalya, one of the most popular global holiday destinations. Study Design: This study is the most extensive case series of drowning in Turkey. Methods: A retrospective examination was made of 7775 autopsies, of which 692 (8.9%) were identified as drowning cases. Results: Almost half of the cases were elderly males of foreign nationality, with a chronic disease and high alcohol consumption, who were found wearing swimming clothes and had died accidentally, mostly in the sea or swimming pools. The majority of Turkish victims were male children and adolescents, found wearing normal daily clothes, who died from a fall or while performing high-risk activities, such as jumping from height. Most of these cases died at the scene of the incident due to an accident or suicide. Conclusions: Such incidences of deaths in Antalya could be reduced with the implementation of precautions, with adjustments made according to the increased risks and, particularly, the mobility of the older age group. Significantly, chronic disease is an important risk factor in cases of drowning.

Recommendations in Social Media Applications to Ensure Personification and Safety using Machine Learning

Myriads of social media utilization lead to various issues like personalization hacks, data security problems, and safety. A recommendation is of paramount importance to alleviate this problem when there is a huge amount of data and the number of participants on the platform is increasing exponentially. Unfortunately, modern social media research has enhanced the performance and personalization of recommendations in many fields, yet largely underutilizes the power of artificial intelligence to enable personalized recommendations system for social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, etc. With advancement inside the global of technology every hour and every day new features are delivered to the list. In a manner, social platforms are merging into our actual existence, and to achieve personification and related safety, users can get any one safety factor from all 6 classes with this approach. This factor provides the basis for personification and the implementation of safety precautions.
 This research proposes recommendations for personification in social media applications. The proposed Modified Inception Resnet V4 Convolutional Neural Network (MInReCNN) outperforms embedded media persona analysis and classification through text, image, and video data. Using these prediction classes better decisions can be made in given social media domain.

Thoracic Surgery during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding - an Interdisciplinary Consensus Paper

If thoracic surgery is to remain an attractive career path for young physicians, it is essential to provide opportunities to balance work, residency, and family time. With an increasing proportion of women in thoracic surgery, it has become increasingly important to create a work environment that allows safe employment during pregnancy and breast feeding becomes an important concern.Based on the legal requirements of the German Maternity Protection Act (Mutterschutzgesetz), this interdisciplinary consensus paper was developed by representatives of thoracic surgery, anaesthesiology, and occupational medicine.The vast majority of thoracic operations can be performed by pregnant or breast-feeding surgeons. We established a risk-stratified list of operations with potentially acceptable risk, and a list of operations that pregnant or breast-feeding surgeons should not perform. A checklist aims to aid the individual implementation of thoracic surgery during pregnancy and breast feeding.Thoracic surgery can be performed by pregnant or breast-feeding surgeons when certain protective measures are observed. The prerequisite is the voluntary and independent decision of the surgeon, and the implementation of safety precautions by the employer.

Prevention and control of COVID-19 infection at the community health center during the new normal era

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, community health center services were limited. It was critical to have health protocols as a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection during adaptation in the new normal in Bandung City. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection at community health center in the new normal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing observation through questionnaire with chosen yes (if appropriate) or no (if not appropriate) based questions in checklist form. Inclusion criteria was active dentist in community health center and exclusion criteria dentist was not completely answer question in checklist form. Purposive sampling was used to choose 30 dentists for the research sample. Data analysis uses frequency distribution and is divided into four stages, which are: preparatory, pre-visit, visiting, post-visiting stage. Data analysis uses frequency distribution. Results: At the preparatory stage were appropriate: Air flow setting on average 50%; clean water management 100%; room arrangement and management 50%. At the pre-visit stage were appropriate: Management of tele-dentistry detection and screening average 67%; patient treatment scheduling management 100%. The visiting patient stages were appropriate: detection and screening during patient visit only measurement of patients body temperature 100%; The concept of four handed dentistry 43.3%; implementation of isolation precaution in dentist personal protective equipment average 92.2% and in transmission precaution average 85%. At the post visit patient stages were appropriate: cleaning the workplace average 85%; Medical equipment management 100%; Medical waste treatment average 87.7%. Conclusion: During adaptation of the new normal, the implementation of prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in dental and oral health services community health center is not in accordance with the protocol. Improvements are still needed on several stages.Keywords: Dentist, community health center, prevention and control of COVID-19 infection, new normal.

SG-APSIC1061: First-response infection prevention and control during COVID-19 outbreaks in residential aged-care facilities

Objectives: COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of the hierarchy of controls and early implementation of transmission-based precautions during outbreaks in residential aged-care facilities (RACFs). The RACF outreach team is a service provided by the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) that provides RACFs with expert clinical care and advice, along with outbreak management and infection control and prevention education. Methods: The RACF outreach team developed 2 unique IPC management tools designed to assist RACFs during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) the comprehensive initial review and (2) first-responder assessment tool designed to assist the team in identifying high-risk issues during afterhours shifts. The tool reviews 5 key components in outbreak management: screening, PPE usage, resident care, communication and signage, and infection control and prevention. The outreach team provides an IPC report of the comprehensive initial review, which provides site-specific advice regarding zoning, cohorting, implementation of donning and doffing stations, safe staffing and workflows, ventilation, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and PPE safety. The recommendations supplied in the SLHD IPC report are provided to facilities and are implemented at the facility level. These reviews are followed up in meetings of the outbreak management team conducted virtually via Zoom videoconferencing. These meetings include an RACF senior manager and a representative from the local PHU, the outreach service, the Australian Commonwealth, the Aged Care Commission, an SLHD executive manager, and an infectious diseases practitioner. Results: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 ο (omicron) variant began in Sydney, Australia, in November 2021, 58 facilities with >2,500 residents have been reviewed, and 57 of these facilities had a COVID-19 outbreak at some point during the pandemic. Conclusions: The RACFs in SLHD continue to report death rates <5% among all SARS-COV-2–positive residents.

Investigation of Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents Followed under Health Precaution

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents who were followed in the child psychiatry clinic in the scope of the health precaution, which is one of the protective and supportive measures of the Child Protection Law. 112 children and adolescents who were followed up at the child psychiatry clinic between 01.01.2020 and 01.01.2022 in the scope of health precaution, participated in this study. The clinic files and social examination reports of the participants were examined retrospectively. It was determined that the most common reasons for taking a health precaution decision are sexual abuse, deficiencies of basic needs/neglect and behavioral problems. Moreover, it showed that the rate of taking health precaution due to sexual abuse was higher in girls however the rate of that due to delinquency was more common in boys. It was determined that 72.3% of the children, who were followed up in the scope of health precaution, were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, and the most common psychiatric disorders were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, specific learning disability and intellectual disability, respectively. In the group with psychiatric disorders, it was determined that the deficiencies of basic needs/neglect as a reason for taking health precaution, was significantly common and that the mothers of the children and adolescents in the group with psychiatric disorders had a higher rate of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Given the fact that abuse and neglect come first among the reasons for the implementation of health precaution; it is vital to develop early intervention programs to protect children from neglect and abuse. Since the effects of neglect and abuse on children can be devastating and long lasting and as it is known that they are risk factors for many psychiatric disorders, regular follow-up and treatment of these children in the scope of health precaution is important.

Parental decision-making on summer program enrollment: A mixed methods Covid-19 impact study

BackgroundThe closure of childcare organizations (e.g. schools, childcare centers, afterschool programs, summer camps) during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of families. Despite their reopening, parents may be reluctant to enroll their children in summer programming. Knowledge of the beliefs that underlie parental concerns will inform best practices for organizations that serve children. MethodsParents (n = 17) participated in qualitative interviews (October 2020) to discuss Covid-19 risk perceptions and summer program enrollment intentions. Based on interview responses to perceived Covid-19 risk, two groups emerged for analysis- “Elevated Risk (ER)” and “Conditional Risk (CR)”. Themes were identified utilizing independent coding and constant-comparison analysis. Follow-up interviews (n = 12) in the Spring of 2021 evaluated the impact of vaccine availability on parent risk perceptions. Additionally, parents (n = 17) completed the Covid-19 Impact survey to assess perceived exposure (Range: 0–25) and household impact (Range: 2–60) of the pandemic. Scores were summed and averaged for the sample and by risk classification group. ResultsParents overwhelmingly supported the operation of summer programming during the pandemic due to perceived child benefits. Parent willingness to enroll their children in summer programming evolved with time and was contingent upon the successful implementation of safety precautions (e.g. outdoor activities, increased handwashing/sanitizing of surfaces). Interestingly, parents indicated low exposure (ER: Avg. 6.3 ± 3.1 Range [2–12], CR: Avg. 7.5 ± 3.6 Range [1–14]) and moderate family impact (ER: Avg. 27.1 ± 6.9 Range [20–36], CR: Avg. 33.7 ± 11.4 Range [9–48]) on the impact survey. ConclusionChildcare organizations should mandate and evaluate the implementation of desired Covid-19 safety precautions for their patrons.

Preadmission checklist by nursing staff for timely implementation of isolation precautions to prevent spread of infection in a paediatric transplant centre

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are at a high risk of infections because of prolonged neutropenia and lymphopenia.[1] Bacteraemia caused by enteric organisms is well known but they can have prolonged shedding of upper respiratory tract viruses and progression to pneumonia.[2] These organisms are spread via direct contact and nosocomial spread has been reported. Aim: Retrospective analysis of children transplanted in last three years after pre-admission checklist was implemented. Method: A pre-admission checklist of 3 infection control components was formulated. The protocol involved informing the nurse in-charge of admission for transplant and handing over all infection reports by on call fellow to nurses prior to admission. Isolation precautions were planned by nurses. Nasopharyngeal swab was sent on admission to the unit and droplet, or airborne precautions are instituted based on reports. Surveillance cultures were sent weekly for CRE (Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Nasopharyngeal swab was sent when child has symptoms. Result: 61 patients were analysed post institution of the checklist. 15 patients had respiratory organisms (viruses, streptococcus pneumoniae), 36 patients were positive for CRE and 2 for Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in nasal swab. No respiratory organisms were transmitted. Surveillance cultures showed one suspected cross transmission of CRE. No outbreaks were reported. Conclusion: Respiratory viral illness are associated with high morbidity with limited management options. Strict adherence to infection control measures is important to preventing outbreaks in the transplant unit. Spread of multi-drug resistant organism puts patients at high risk of developing subsequent infections with them, increasing morbidity and mortality. A simple pre-admission checklist can ensure adequate early isolation and prevent spread of infections in this severely immunocompromised cohort.

Implementation of Universal Precautions for Health Workers in the City Health Services in Indonesia

Background: The most health problem in Indonesia for health services is infectious diseases. So the need to implement Universal Precautions is one of the efforts to prevent infection in health facilities. Aim : This study aims to implementation of universal precautions for health workers in the city health services. This study uses a quantitative design that is observational, with a cross-sectional study design. Methods: The sample in this study was the total number of health personnel in health services as many as 108 people consisting of a hospital as many as 89 nurses, a public health center with 9 nurses, and a clinic as many as 10 nurses. The instrument used in the application of universal precautions is through observation, using a monitoring sheet. Results: The result proportion of the not application of universal precautions at the level of hospital health services is 83.3%. The results showed that the higher the level of health care, the higher the average application of universal precautions. The application of universal precautions at the health service level has the same level of service in handling patients, and there are still nurses who do not use APD aprons. Conclusion: The health service conducts training and the head of the room directs the nurse about universal vigilance when the shift changes, so that the nurse can apply universal precautions according to the standard operating procedures (SOP).

Incidence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Needle Stick Injury Among Health Care Workers in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.

BackgroundA needle stick injury is a serious occupational health hazard in health care settings. Health care workers are at risk of bloodborne diseases and the psychological consequences of these injuries. This study aims to estimate the incidence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers during the previous 12 months and to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward these injuries.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August 2019 till 15th February 2020, and included 786 healthcare workers in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data.ResultsThe incidence of needle stick injury among healthcare workers during the previous 12 months was (91/786) 11.57%. Nurses, females, and Saudis reported most needle stick injuries. More than half (52.7%) of the injuries went unreported. About 52.7% of needle stick injuries occurred during using sharp devices, and 42.9% of injuries happened in the patient room. The incidence of needle stick injury was significantly higher among those working at the secondary healthcare level (p = 0.003) and those practicing surgery (p < 0.001). Out of 786 participants, 94.7% knew the definition of needle stick injury, and 81.0% were aware of the procedure and guidelines to follow on sustaining a needle stick injury. Only 61.2% recognized that the recap of the needle is not recommended. Almost half of the participants (47.1%) agreed, and 33.6% strongly agreed that needle stick injury is preventable. A majority of healthcare workers (89.1%) had been vaccinated against Hepatitis B. Nearly 27.5% of healthcare workers incorrectly practiced recapping the needles with two hands and 8.7% bent needles before disposal. Recapping the needles was statistically significantly higher among healthcare workers who had a history of needle stick injury (p = 0. 046).ConclusionNeedle stick injury and its under reporting among healthcare professionals is still a prevalent risk. Raising awareness among healthcare workers and improving the reporting systems for needle stick injuries to ensure more protection and early use of post-exposure prophylaxis is required. Implementation of safety precautions and safe injection practices and providing engineered safety devices may further reduce the risk.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF NURSE COMPLIANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF STANDARD PRECAUTION TO THE PREVENTION OF COVID-19

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world resulting in a very rapid increase in morbidity and can lead to death. Since the beginning of 2020 there has been an increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 virus infection. The ratio of deaths and exposure to COVID-19 for nursing personnel in Indonesia is among the highest compared to other countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to make "Medical Safety and Protection" namely with the application of Standard Precaution. This study aims to find out what factors affect nurse compliance in the implementation of Standard Precaution to prevent COVID-19 transmission. This type of research is correlative quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was the nurse of the emergency room and the men's internal medicine room Tgk Abdullah Syafi'i Hospital. The sampling technique in this study is a total sampling with the number of nurses as many as 87people. The results of the study were analyzed univariately and bivariately using Spearman rank statistics and multivariate analysis with logistic regression tests. The results showed that 86.3% of nurses adhered to the implementation of standard precaution in preventing the transmission of Covid-19 Tgk Abdullah Syafi'i Hospital. from the results of bivariate analysis shows there is a significant relationship between Attitude (p value = 0.007), barrier to application of standard precaution (p value = 0.005), Availabilityanmeans infection prevention facility (p value = 0.000) against the application of standardd precaution. The results of multivariate analysis showed that Availabilityan meansof infection prevention facilities is the most dominant factor in the prevention of covid-19 transmission with an OR value of 12. 936. The conclusion is that there is a meaningful relationship between the application of standard transmission of covid-19 in nurses. It is expected to the hospital to pay full attention to the availabilityof infection prevention facilities in emergency departments and internal medicine rooms. &#x0D; Keywords: Standard Precaution; Nurse; Compliance; Covid-19