Implementation Of Migration Policy Research Articles

STATE MIGRATION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: FEATURES OF EXTERNAL MIGRATION IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD

The purpose of this study is to determine the features of one of the most significant areas of Russian migration policy - external migration, in the context of the lifting of restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the statistical information published by the executive authorities, it was possible to analyze data on external migration for 2022 and 2023, which allows us to affirmatively speak not only about the recovery in the volume of external migration characteristic of the period 2018-2019, but also about the existing trends in the increase in external migrations, primarily from Central Asian states. Such trends are due to the high level of migration attractiveness of modern Russia, which is characterized by the peculiarities of the migration regime implemented within the framework of existing international agreements with the Central Asian states of the post-Soviet space, concluded back in the 1990s, but also by certain provisions of the national migration legislation, which forms a special level of migration preferences for citizens of such states. At the same time, the migration system of the Russian Federation has several levels of implementation of migration policy, which allows, with the effective use of existing legal mechanisms at the regional level, to ensure the solution of the tasks of managing migration processes, in order to prevent a number of migration risks of mass external migration, namely replacement migration of the local population, the formation of places of compact residence of foreigners, the development of diasporas, the criminalization of immigrant communities, as well as the creation of tension in the labor market.

The politics of immigration policy in Malaysia: What is behind the foreign worker’s administration?

The formation and implementation of migration policy cannot avoid being influenced by political elements, particularly political actors who have a direct or indirect interest in migration issues. Previous studies show that the influence on the administration and migration policy of a country has created the concept of ‘client politics’, that is, employers have a certain influence on the administration of foreign workers, especially in western countries. This situation has also created two groups which are pro-migrants consisting of employers, fundamental rights groups and trade unions; and anti-migrants are often associated with bureaucrats, nationalists and others. This study has used qualitative methods and has interviewed the informants consisting of government agencies, academics, employers, trade unions and NGOs. The results of the study show that those actors have a certain influence on the management of foreign workers including in the aspects of policy making and implementation. The concept of ‘client politics’ is seen to only apply to certain sectors, especially the manufacturing sector. Therefore, practically in Malaysia it is considered as ‘sectoral client politics’. In conclusion, the influence of both groups is not pursuing the interests of the country but rather on the interests of their respective sectors and entities.

Миграционная политика и проблемы иностранной трудовой миграции в Российской Федерации (по материалам экспертного опроса)

This article presents basic results of an expert survey on the problems of foreign labor migration and the im-plementation of migration policy. As part of this study, among other things, the current state of Russian migra-tion legislation was discussed, the existing legal system of conditions and measures determined by national migration policy was assessed, and the problems of adaptation and integration processes of foreign labor mi-grants were considered. The results of the study made it possible to identify entrenched generalized problems of the current migration policy: insufficient flexibility and unacceptable implementation of migration legislation, imperfection of the existing system of visa-free entry and stay of foreign citizens. Also, during the expert survey, the difficulties faced by migrants were highlighted. The work emphasizes that the success of adaptation and integration processes largely depends on how open/closed the migrant community itself is, and how favorable conditions for adaptation and integration of migrants are created in the receiving social space. It is emphasized that the creation of conditions for effective adaptation and integration of newcomers on the territory of the Rus-sian Federation is among the priority tasks of the national migration policy. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that a competent migration policy is based on a balance between control and liberalization, depending on the goals and objectives to be achieved.

Migration processes and their management in South Asian countries on the example of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan

South Asia is a subregion of the world characterized by high migration mobility of the population. The number of emigrants from this region is more than 43 million people, and the number of immigrants is almost 14 million people. Most of them occur in the country’s three largest subregions by population: India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to study the management of migration processes in South Asia. For this purpose, the following tasks were solved: territorial analysis of the direction of migration processes in the largest states of South Asia; studying the features of the regulatory framework in the field of migration policy in the region; analysis of approaches and methods for managing migration processes in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The directions of migration processes have been studied through territorial analysis: in the context of emigration and immigration. The author’s maps were compiled based on current migration data. The regulatory framework related to the implementation of migration policies in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan is analyzed. The features of the approaches and methods that are used in each of the three countries in relation to the regulation of migration processes both within South Asia and beyond its borders are identified. The following territorial specificity of migration processes in South Asia can be noted: the subregion is more a donor of international migrants (more than 43 million people) than a recipient (almost 14 million people); emigration is growing most rapidly in India, while in Bangladesh and Pakistan it is more regulated by the state and used as a factor in socio-economic development; Immigration processes are completely different in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. India is characterized by a concentration of international flows, especially from neighboring countries, while Bangladesh and Pakistan are becoming new homes for refugees from Myanmar and Afghanistan, respectively. Migration processes in the countries of South Asia are characterized by intensive and multidirectional nature. Larger numbers of emigrants come from other subregions of the world, while immigration processes affect nearby countries. If we talk about intraregional migration processes, then India is the country that receives the largest number of immigrants from neighboring South Asian countries. Migration policy is an important part of the dynamic development of any modern state; currently India, Bangladesh and Pakistan are making efforts to formalize and institutionalize this process.

The politics of migration policy implementation in Ghana

AbstractThis article dives into the complex web of actors and processes of migration policy implementation in Ghana, revealing political tensions as they play out in this field. The analysis is based on semi‐structured interviews with bureaucrats and practitioners involved in migration governance initiatives in Ghana. The study reveals how institutional power hierarchies and funding structures affect execution processes on the ground. Mapping out observations concerning implementation as it is experienced across the vertical scale of involved actors, the study reveals that politics are engrained in Ghanaian migration policy implementation through experiences of (1) incoherent narratives on policy and migration; (2) local‐level exclusion from policy design; and (3) mismatch between policy targets and local realities. The article concludes by contemplating theoretical needs and proposing avenues for future research.

MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article is devoted to the influence of digital technologies on migration processes. As well as forecasting migration processes, the authors consider digital technologies as a means of management and control. In addition, the article notes the role of digital technologies in ensuring and protecting the rights of migrants. The issues of introducing artificial intelligence into the implementation of migration policy are touched upon. There is special attention paid to the threats that digital technologies may pose to migrants and steps that can be taken to minimize these threats.

Реализация миграционной политики в Свердловской области глазами экспертов: поиск управленческих решений

Introduction: the high intensity of migration processes in the Sverdlovsk region and their significance for the region’s socio-economic development has generated research interest to the issues of assessing the current migration situation and the effectiveness of migration policy implementation. Objectives: based on the expert survey, to assess the effectiveness of migration policy implementation in the Sverdlovsk region, to identify problems and develop management solutions. Methods: expert survey and comparative analysis. Results: the analysis showed an increase in critical assessments of the migration situation against the background of perception certainty. The survey revealed new problems requiring a review of migration policy guidelines. The causes and solutions to the problem of irregular migration were suggested and recommendations aimed at improving the adaptability of labor migrants and increasing the impact of migration policy were proposed. Conclusions: the monitoring of expert opinions is an important element in obtaining primary information on migration and contributes to the efficiency of management decisions. The evaluation of expert opinions allowed to propose management decisions considering the changing migration situation in the region.

The Transformation of Polish-Ukrainian Relations in the Context of Migration Policy Implementation

In 2022, Russia’s war against Ukraine shook the world and kickstarted an active humanitarian operation to save war-affected Ukrainians. All the neighbouring countries of Ukraine were forced to react actively. However, the subsequent refugee crisis affected Poland the most. Currently, Poland is playing the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, which raises obvious questions about future developments and possible future challenges in relations between Ukraine and Poland and, above all, migration policy itself. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Poland’s policy in the fi eld of accepting refugees and to examine the relevant legislation and procedures related to Ukrainian refugees, thereby shedding light on the assistance and support mechanisms put in place by the Polish authorities. Furthermore, this study seeks to draw insightful conclusions regarding the impact of Ukrainian refugees on Poland’s economic and social spheres, in addition to exploring the refugees’ integration into various aspects of daily life. A critical aspect of this research involves a comparative analysis to ascertain whether Poland’s policy towards Ukrainian refugees has undergone any significant changes since the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24th, 2022. This timeline provides a crucial backdrop for understanding how evolving geopolitical dynamics may have influenced Poland’s approach. This research employs a multidisciplinary approach, utilising a combination of data collection, policy analysis, and an extensive review of relevant literature to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex issue at hand.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НЕЗАКОННОЙ МИГРАЦИИ В РОССИИ

Main topic of this article is an issue of the illegal migration in Russia, as well as some legal methods of its prevention. The authors analyzed the literature sources related to the topic of the study, the re-sults of which outlined a number of topical aspects that determine the need for legal regulation of the status of migrants in Russia. At the same time, the issue of the emergence and development of measures to counteract illegal migration has been studied, and the main directions chosen by states in the implementation of migration policy have been described. The article also presents different points of view of government officials and scientists, demonstrating the commonality of their views on migration as a global problem in the context of the country's state security and the development of interethnic relations. Special attention in the study is paid to preventive measures to influence migra-tion processes, including measures to block and eliminate Internet resources that provide illegal ser-vices to foreign citizens in the field of migration

The contemporary uses of the ‘values of the Republic’ in the French naturalisation process

ABSTRACT The state promotion of ‘common values’ in public discourses and policies as a response to a so-called ‘crisis of immigrant integration’ has become a widespread phenomenon in contemporary European societies. This article analyses how shared values are promoted by the French state in the implementation of migration policies, and whether such promotion introduces anything new in the approach to immigrant integration. Our analysis concentrates on the recent reconfiguration of ‘assimilation interviews’ in the French naturalisation process. Once essentially aimed at measuring applicants’ fluency in French, since 2011 the interviews are meant to test applicants’ ‘adhesion to the values of the French Republic’. Drawing on an empirically informed analysis of the French naturalisation policy, we show that the emphasis placed on adhesion to the ‘values of the Republic’ has contributed to a twofold process of moralisation of citizenship which fuels state intrusion into private lives, and of culturalisation of citizenship which nourishes ethnocultural stereotypes against Muslims. By contrast with arguments that associate the case of France to merely ‘civic’ conceptions of integration, we show that the French promotion of common values does give ground to a culturally-oriented state perfectionism that builds on past institutional practices and ideas about national integration.

Russia and modern migration crisis: On the rural labor migration

The article is devoted to the analysis of the migration nature and specifics as a socio-economic phenomenon in the context of the current state and prospects of development of the agrarian economy of the Russian Federation in the conditions of a new social reality. The research objectives: analysis of international rules for the migration policy implementation in the context of the current migration and food crises; assessment of rural labor migration in the Russian Federation; determination of the nature and prospects for regional rural labor migration development. The authors reveal the contradictions and factors of international migration policy and the advantages of Russia in the field of its implementation. The idea is formulated about the need to implement a policy on creation of new jobs, increase of employment in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, and development of transport infrastructure to support the “labor commutation” characteristic of the old industrial region.

Migration Policy of the EU Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Convergence or Distancing?

This paper examines certain aspects of the migration policy of the EU countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic has affected all areas of society, including a massive decline in population mobility in all countries of the world. The purpose of this work is to analyze the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for EU countries in the field of internal and international migration and the implementation of migration policy. The study is based on official data from Eurostat, the International Organization for Migration, the International Labor Organization, analytical reports and legal documents of the European Union as a whole, as well as individual states. The work uses analytical and comparative methods. As part of the analytical method, an analysis was made of some legal documents in the field of migration policy aimed at reducing the risks of the spread of coronavirus infection, social and legal support for certain categories of foreign citizens living in the EU countries. The comparative method made it possible to compare the tools and mechanisms for implementing individual migration policy measures during the pandemic in a number of EU countries and identify the most successful practices. Our research has shown that, on the one hand, a number of measures taken at the EU level have proved to be effective in restoring mobility and ensuring movement within the EU without restrictions. On the other hand, EU member states had fairly broad powers in matters of independent regulation of migration within their own country, focusing primarily on national interests. The results obtained in the work can be further used, firstly, for effective tools for managing migration in the event of global shocks, and secondly, for the purpose of a deeper study of the possibilities and limitations of the implementation of migration policy by states that are members of integration associations. Key words: Migration policy of the EU countries, COVID-19 pandemic, migration regime, social support for the population and migrants, migration crisis, impact of the pandemic on demographic development.

Social aspects of migrants’ adaptation in Russia in the digital economy

The state, due to its socio-economic nature, must regulate and control the most important social processes. Migration is an important part of these processes, since the attraction of additional labor resources will give a certain impetus to the sustainable development of the country and ensure long-term economic growth. However, the implementation of migration policy is associated with a whole range of problems. The problems of social and digital adaptation of migrants, social and territorial disunity are among them. Added to this is the lack of effective interaction between public authorities and municipalities with civil society institutions, as well as the presence of a clear bias in ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining public services, depending on the level of income, migration status and other factors. The weak role of civil institutions in social and cultural adaptation and the language barrier also exacerbate the situation. The dominance of unskilled personnel in the structure of migration flows aggravates their digital adaptation. The digitalisation of many processes could have a signifcant impact in solving these problems. With its help, an effective institutional environment would gradually form. This article examines the social aspects of migrants’ adaptation in the context of digitalization. In the course of the research, the author conducted a comprehensive analysis, including observations, expert interviews and analysis of regulatory documents. The paper considers various aspects of the adaptation of migrants within the framework of political, socio-economic, psychological, national and demographic problems. As the study showed, in the context of digitalization it is necessary to form a fundamentally new institutional environment in the feld of adaptation of migrants in the host country. A qualitatively different regulatory framework, new institutions that harmonize the interests of the state, civil society, business and migrants should become a part of this environment.

Migration policy implementation and its politics in South Africa

Globally, migration is to a certain degree an important and highly debated political topic among scholars because of its peculiarity to human movement and relationship between states. Migration is fundamental to liberal democracies and a function of the international system of states. Following the demise of the apartheid system and the adoption of inclusive governance in South Africa in 1994, the country has continued to witness an influx of migrants. However, the call for the deportation and rejection of migrants amongst South Africans has continued to increase with black foreign nationals at the receiving end, sometimes openly or clandestinely done by government officials. Using a qualitative research method, underpinned by the following questions (i) Is South Africa playing politics with its migration policies, while surreptitiously legalizing xenophobism? (ii) Can well-managed migration policies allay the fears of foreign nationals, particularly the blacks in South Africa? (iii) What effects would anti-immigrants’ laws and attitudes have on South Africa’s relations with other [African] countries? The paper argued that South Africa’s preoccupation with restrictionism policies, driven by xenophobism and political interest, seems to have compromised inroads for immigrants that are very important to its economic growth, concluding that unless the rhetoric of a perceived socio-economic threat, posed by migrants, is countered effectively, South Africa’s economies stand to lose out substantially from the implementation of anti-immigration policies.

Introduction to Legal Science And the Relationship with Immigration and The Immigration Act Number 6 Year 2011

Human’s life cannot be separated from the law, starting from the actions by individual even group, the way people’s conducting their life, think, and punishment as a result of violation to the act. The purpose of this study is to introduce the basic provisions concerning the definition of Immigration law in Indonesia, the structure of the act and its implementation in the community by virtue of Immigration Act number 6 year 2011. The method of this study using normative legal research. The approach are statutory and conceptual approach. The result shows that the implementation of Migration Policy in Indonesia depends on the legal truth which is acceptable in the community such as customs which still considers binding in the society whether in the form of policy, principles, sanctions, etc.

SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF POPULATION MIGRATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF ST. PETERSBURG

The level of socio-economic development of Russia determines its business activity and the possibility of realizing national goals in the medium and long term. When forming forecast scenarios, an important role is played by external and internal factors that help prevent a decline in economic activity or provide incentive measures. The demographic situation in the country is characterized by depopulation of the population, which naturally affects the spatial development of the state and the possibilities of economic growth. One of the measures to support the Government of the Russian Federation is the stimulation of migration policy, which ensures population growth, as well as the attraction of labor resources. This article is the result of a sociological study on the implementation of migration policy in St. Petersburg.

Migration policy in large cities: expediency of development, content and priorities

The article argues the necessity to increase attention to the implementation of migration policy in large cities and outlines the main areas of relevant activities. In Ukraine, as well as in the rest of the world, the largest cities are centers of attraction for both internal and external migrants. Rules on the arrival, residence of immigrants, access to the labor market, granting international protection, etc. are established by national law, but specific measures for their implementation take place at the local level. Despite this, the issue of migration is not always taken into account in urban development plans, and is often overlooked by local administrations. The need to develop measures to implement migration policy at the city level is due to the fact that the rapid pace of urbanization and migration, the intensity of which is increasing, pose new risks, but at the same time open new opportunities. The labor and intellectual potential of migrants, the ideas they bring and the money they invest are important factors in urban development. The importance of migration management in cities has grown especially due to the mass forced displacements caused by aggression of Russian Federation. The vast majority of the 1,5 million internally displaced persons forced to flee their former residence as a result of the events in Donbass in 2014 were city dwellers seeking refuge in cities. The concentration of the population in large cities will naturally increase during the recovery period after the end of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, not only at the expense of Ukrainian citizens but also foreigners, specialists and workers who will be involved in rebuilding the economy. Migration management in large cities is not limited to the implementation of the functions delegated to them from the central level, it should be aimed at ensuring the rights of migrants, functional and cultural integration into the urban environment, and using the potential of migrants to develop cities and enrich and diversify urban life. Implementation of the migration policy at the city level should be developed in several key areas, the main of which are ensuring the human rights of migrants, creating conditions for their inclusion in the urban community. Achieving the goals of the migration policy in a large city involves an integrated approach, institutional and resource provision, close cooperation between local authorities, civil society, business and migrants themselves.

МИГРАЦИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ, ФАКТОРЫ, ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ

As a result of the migration processes that are taking place in Kyrgyzstan, significant changes are taking place in many areas of society. Modern processes of migration of citizens of Kyrgyzstan significantly affect the parameters and content of the economic development of the republic. In particular, it affects the state of the economy, the distribution of the population of the republic, intercountry economic and political ties. In the transitional conditions of the transformation of socio-economic processes, there is a complication and aggravation of issues related to the formation and implementation of migration policy. The most important state priority has become the study of socio-economic results, the accurate measurement of the positive and negative consequences of migration processes, followed by the development of an effective policy to regulate population migration, which reflects the interests of the state, the population and other parties to social processes. The issues of improving state regulation of external and intra-republican migration movements of the population have acquired particular relevance. At the same time, many theoretical issues related to the strategy of migration development, ensuring integrated socio-economic development have not been fully studied. In Kyrgyzstan, little attention is paid to the issues of applying the theory of strategy to ensure the development of an effective policy to regulate population migration.

Наслідки сучасної міграційної політики Європейського Союзу

The article analyzes the state of state regulation of migration processes, as well as the consequences resulting from the implementation of modern migration policy. In the course of the research it is proved that the world events taking place today have actualized a number of main migration problems in the EU. COVID-19, for example, contributes to a historic halt in global mobility, increases inequalities among populations of immigrant origin and, due to existing circumstances, weakens state support for them. At the same time, persistent refugee crises have attracted less attention, due to both the socio-political and financial situation within the EU. On top of this, migrants stranded by the COVID-19 pandemic have begun to put pressure on host and transit countries. Because of the fall of the government in Afghanistan, there is now a mass migration of Afghans, the diversification of migration flows, and the «weaponization» of migration for geopolitical purposes. Important in migration policy today is the establishment of dialogue and partnership with countries of origin and transit on the basis of solidarity and shared responsibility, with a global approach to migration and mobility to be seen as an essential basis for EU migration policy processes, its complementary foreign policy and development cooperation. A number of decisive measures have been taken in recent years in response to migration pressures, but a concerted effort to create an effective, humane and safe European migration policy must be intensified. Governments, the private sector, civil society, as well as local authorities and regional organizations must commit themselves to maximizing the positive aspects of migration and reducing the negative consequences of ill-conceived migration policy implementation decisions.

The System of Regulation of External Migration in the Far East of the Russian Federation (1991–2020)

The article considers the system of regulation of external migration in the Russian Far East, which consists of bodies ensuring the entry and exit of Russian citizens and foreigners to the territory of Russia, the regime of their stay, registration, labor activity and naturalization. The periodization of the stages of the Russian migration policy in specific conditions determined by the political and economic conjuncture is given. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical conditions, as well as the characteristic features of the creation, functional formation and organizational transformation of the bodies of the system of state regulation of migration control in the period 1991–2020. The problems of their functioning and the results of the implementation of migration policy in the Russian Far East are considered. This article will briefly present the main aspects of the formation of the system of state regulation of immigration in the 1990s, as well as the associated difficulties that manifested themselves in the implementation of the state migration policy during the period under study. Based on the analysis of the activities of a number of federal and regional social, administrative and law enforcement agencies, the experience of state regulation of external migration in the period 1990–2020 is considered, the analysis of the implementation of the functions of the migration authorities system and the results of their impact on individual external migration flows is given. The opening of borders and the massive influx of migrants from Asian countries in the Far East in the 1990s coincided with the period of reforming the system of state control over migration, which was subjected to organizational changes, received a number of new functions and tasks. In the Russian Far East, the process of reforming this system was complicated by regional difficulties associated with the development of relations between federal and regional authorities with entrepreneurship and local self-government. The weakness and insufficient coordination of the activities of migration control bodies, their lack of common and understandable goals, the transfer of the competence of naturalization and registration of migrants into the hands of law enforcement agencies, the loss of social orientation in working with migrants have largely caused failures in social policy towards migrants, the formation of closed criminal communities in their environment, which are the basis for the formation of extremist practices and xenophobic attitudes in the host Russian society on the territory of Russia. As a result of the analysis of the results of the activities of the migration authorities system, general conclusions are made about the effectiveness of its work in the Far East, the successes achieved. At the same time, the article offers a number of proposals on improving work with foreign workers and immigrants, aimed at compensating for the loss of population and labor resources in the region. The results of the study can be used to improve the migration control system, to develop the foundations of migration policy in the region. The issues raised in it can become the basis for a more in-depth study of the processes related to the activities of state, municipal and public bodies involved in the regulation of migration, in order to attract, settle and adapt migrants necessary for the Far East.