Implementation Of Innovative Products Research Articles

Ефективність використання інструментів e-commerce в розвитку маркетингової діяльності підприємств

The aim of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the use of e-commerce tools in the development of marketing activities of enterprises in turbulent economic conditions. According to the results of the carried out study, the volume of e-commerce trade is identified. Global e-commerce turnover amounts to approximately $6 trillion. This is 20-odd percent of the world’s total retail trade. Due to the different level of development (penetration) of information technology in each of the European countries, taken into consideration the data of the European E-Commerce Report 2023, it is worth noting that the share of online sales has increased significantly. The main factors influencing the difference in the number of sales between countries in the e-commerce segment are: development and application of e-commerce tools; integration of banking technologies into e-commerce; development of a network of logistics delivery centers; legal safeguards to protect consumers. The speed of updates of technologies and methods of their application in the field of e-commerce is high, so there is a necessity for constant monitoring of the functionality and experience in the implementation of innovative products. In order to save money on marketing activities of enterprises in Ukraine, it is recommended to increase the CRR (Customer Retention Rate). The main tools (directions) for improving efficiency in e-commerce are e-mail marketing, messenger marketing, remarketing campaigning using Google Ads, Facebook Ads and other advertising platforms.

Digital social innovation: An overview and research framework

Digital social innovation: An overview and research framework

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE TOURIST PRODUCT IN UKRAINE: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Abstract. The article presents a scientific discussion on trends and prospects for product innovation in the tourism business. The main objective of the study is to substantiate the nature and role of innovative tourism products in improving the efficiency of economic and product activities of tourism enterprises, the need for their implementation in tourism at its present stage in Ukraine. Analysis of literature sources and existing approaches to solving the problem of implementation of innovative products by tourism enterprises allowed us to formulate conceptual tools in this area, taking into account industry specifics, to characterize the types of product innovations of tourism enterprises. The topicality of solving this scientific problem boils down to the fact that in conditions of competition, the development of tourism business is ensured primarily by the use of product innovations by tourism enterprises, the introduction of effective ways to implement priority areas of innovation. The study of the problem of implementation of innovative tourist products in the practical activities of enterprises is carried out in the following logical sequence: the subject matter and types of innovative tourist products have been analysed, the main prerequisites for their implementation in the activities of enterprises have been defined; the main trends in the development of innovations in the tourism business of Ukraine, in particular, new tourism products and innovative approaches used to retain regular customers and attract new ones in a competitive environment; an optimal model of implementation of innovative tourist products has been developed. The methodological tools of the conducted study were general theoretical and specific methods, in particular, logical and dialectical, graphoanalytical method, method of scientific abstraction, systemic and integrated approaches. The study covered the period of 2010—2019. The object of research is an innovative tourist product that allowed implementation of its model taking into account the effect of external and internal environment. The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main trends in the development of innovation at the present stage of development of the tourism business in Ukraine. In addition, there are reasons that inhibit innovation in tourism, which must be taken into account for the development and implementation of innovative tourist products. The study theoretically proves and supports that the development of innovative activities and the introduction of innovative tourist products provide tourism enterprises with competitive advantages. The results of the study can be useful in the practical work of travel agencies that seek to create a portfolio of innovative products and increase the efficiency of their activities. Кeywords: іnnovation, innovative product, innovative tourist product, tourist business, kinds of product innovations in tourism, the model of implementation of innovative tourism product. JEL Classification B26, B41, C58, F43, G15, H42 Formulas: 0; fig.: 4; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 36.

ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article notes that in modern conditions, an important direction of ensuring socio-economic development is its transition to innovative models, which should cover all reproduction processes. Ukraine proclaimed a course on innovative development. However, in terms of the coefficient of innovative development, our country is significantly behind not only highly developed countries, but also from Poland and the Baltic countries. And, unfortunately, this gap is growing. The authors cite the reasons for this situation, in particular the lack of a national innovation system in Ukraine. The article presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the processes of development and implementation of innovative products. Among them are goods, services, technological processes and the like. The presence of a significant differentiation of indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity, namely: from 55.7% among enterprises in the field of pharmaceutical products and preparations to 3.3% in the field of water supply, sewage, waste management, is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of factors that can ensure the transformation of Ukraine into a high-tech society based on an innovative model. This should be facilitated by the availability of appropriate resources, including human resources. It is noted that in Ukraine the number of workers who are engaged in research and development is decreasing. And this trend is characteristic of almost all branches of science, except for medical ones. The greatest decline is characteristic of the technical branches of science, which, of course, negatively affects the introduction of an innovative model of socio-economic development. A negative indicator in this context is the deterioration of the age structure of researchers: the number of employees involved in the implementation of scientific research and development under the age of 25 is quite low and high enough at the age of 65 and older. This is a threat to the intellectual continuity of generations, the loss of scientific schools, the scientific and personnel potential of the country. Improving the material and technical and personnel component of innovation, in turn, requires further strengthening of the financial and investment potential, which can be achieved not only by increasing the state budget for these purposes, but also by attracting funds from outside and by effectively managing the use of existing financial resources.

Improving the competitiveness of Russian industry in the production of measuring and analytical equipment

The creation of a high-tech competitive industry in the production of measuring and analytical equipment in Russia in a highly competitive environment is impossible without the development and implementation of innovative products. The vast majority of Russian enterprises invest their funds in the purchase of imported innovations instead of investing in creation of their own R & d/D (Research, Development and Engineering). Such path of development of Russian enterprises is seems / seems to be a dead end. One can observe a growing trend in the share of R & d/D expenditures on the global market. Nowadays the leading countries of the world industry such as the United States, China, Japan and Germany invest much bigger than over countries/invest in science more than over countries. Large-scale development and innovation implementation can be realised under creation of the system based on interconnected elements “industry-innovation-science-education”. Expansion and intensification of fundamental and applied research, improvement quality of teaching mathematics, physics and engineering disciplines in higher and secondary educational institutions are seemed to be necessary/seem to lead to better results. Large industrial Russian companies, leaders in certain sectors of industry with a powerful modern production infrastructure and huge financial capacity should act as a driving motive of the mentioned system. The state should provide support by means of legislative activity aimed to create an industrial and innovation policy providing production of innovative items which will be able to compete in high-tech segments of the world market.

Виявлення основних проблем розвитку освіти та науки в Україні в умовах глобальної нестабільності

The article defines that the economic growth of the world countries today depends on their ability to create and augment new scientific knowledge, as well as make use of this knowledge through the elaboration and implementation of innovative products and technologies that bring to the fore the development of education and science in the countries. At the same time, scientific and educational activities in Ukraine remain insufficiently in demand, which negatively affects the socio-economic development of our country. Thus, the purpose of the research is to identify the main problems of education and science development in Ukraine in the context of global instability. According to the results of the carried out analysis, the list of problems of development of educational and scientific activities in Ukraine is determined, their catalog is formed (which includes 63 positions), as well as a grouping of problems in six separate blocks is made, including: inconsistency of content and quality of scientific and educational activities to the actual needs of society and the national economy; inefficiency of management in terms of science and higher education; insufficient level of funding and unsatisfactory logistical support of higher education and science; deterioration of personnel support of scientific institutions and higher education institutions; weak integration of science and education of Ukraine into the global and the European educational and scientific space; distortion in the formation of a contingent of students of the higher education institutions of all levels. After allocating the main problems of the problem field and constructing the primary cognitive map, the importance of problems and relationships between them was assessed on the basis of the Saati hierarchy analysis method. Based on the calculation of the coefficients of weight of the problem in each group, the types of problems (resulting, root, nodal) are determined, as well as primary cognitive maps of the problems included in each group are built and the relationship between them are researched. The analysis of the composition of the main blocks of problems in educational and scientific activities in Ukraine allowed to prove that most of them are caused by an imperfect management system in these areas, as well as the lack of mechanisms of interaction between all stakeholders of the educational and scientific process.

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE POTATO AND ITS BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS

The primary objective of this paper was to identify the economic, social and environmental impacts of plants and their beneficial microorganism interactions. As a plant example, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) has been chosen due to its worldwide nutritional and economic importance. Based on a systematic literature review, high importance effects were identified. From an economic point of view these were an increase in plant immunity and yield along with cost reductions and a reduction of abiotic and biotic stresses. From a social point of view, the importance of healthier food, a cleaner environment and resistant ecosystem were identified. From an environmental perspective, the effects of the increase of soil fertility and biodiversity as well as bioremediation opportunities were found to be important. The cross impact analysis of the identified effects indicate the primary importance of the economic effects, however their occurrence is determined by social effects, while the environmental ones are in a supporting position. It is argued, therefore, that the successful implementation of innovative products and technologies in potato production based on the plant – beneficial microorganism interactions will require economic empirical evidence and will be driven by social tension.

МОДЕЛИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ИНВЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ И ИХ КОМПЬЮТЕРИЗАЦИЯ

The problems of investment design of industrial innovations related to the production and implementation of innovative products, modernization of labor productivity based on the project approach are investigated. Computer implementations of software modules for investment optimization methods in conditions of uncertainty and uncertainty that are part of the author's intellectual system for making management decisions are considered.

Features of effective innovative design in the field of electric power industry

Recently, the traditional energy system cannot satisfy the needs of a large number of users, therefore, to ensure efficient use of energy, it is necessary to apply new structures and technologies. Today, the key problem of the Russian energy community is low energy efficiency, which, in turn, has a negative impact on the country's economy. Innovative transformations can play a major role in improving energy efficiency. The introduction of methods and technologies of predictive analytics allows for the most efficient reengineering of production processes and the highest quality prioritization in the development and implementation of innovative products. The integration of intelligent network technologies, sustainable energy resources is an important path to sustainable development. To increase the share of import substitution, and in the long term to start exporting the developed technologies and ready-made technical solutions, support and development of the innovation environment and existing promising projects both from the state and infrastructure organizations, as well as from market participants are necessary. A number of areas of innovative transformations in the electric power industry have been identified, which in the near future will determine promising technological and market trends. When creating effective innovative projects, it is important to choose the right approach used in innovative design. In addition, in the current market conditions, the efficiency of the energy industry directly reflects the effectiveness of the adopted and implemented innovative solutions. Being one of the most important factors in the socio-economic development of any state, the state of the energy complex and its relationship with other sectors of the national economy determines its significant impact on the sustainable innovative development of Russia.

Examples of financing innovative projects

This article was written in order to characterize the innovative activity of enterprises in terms of its financing sources. Obtaining sufficient fundsis a basic requirement for undertaking any investment activ- ity and it largely determines the further investment process and related decisions. An analysis of the available sources of financing indicates the interdependence between the innovation’s subject area and the structure of its financing. The functioning of two selected companies dealing with the implementation of innovative products will serve as an illustration of both the theoretical and practical aspects of financing innovative projects. Design and methodology The paper hypothesizes that the financing of modern innovations requires flexible conditions and high level of capital,as verified by literature review and analysis of innovative products and companies. The article consists of three parts. The first defines the concept of innovation and characterizes individual types of innovation: technological, organizational and social. Also discussed are the characteristic features of the phenomenon of innovation, the conditions shaping itand the impact it has on economic growth. The second part is a review of existing sources of capital and methods of raising it through market and public instruments. Also discussed are the conditions for the use of individual instruments, depend- ing on the stage of enterprise development, as well as their potential advantages and limitations from the entrepreneur’s point of view. The third part analyzes innovative products and companies responsible for their creation and devel- opment: the self-driving vehicle created by the American company Tesla Inc. and a thermographic tester for oncological diagnostics created by the Polish company BRASTER. Findings and implications Innovation belongs to the developing field of economy and economics. Statistical and econometric studies prove that, due to the significant risk level, innovation needs to be stimulated. Its development has a positive impact both on GDP growth and living conditions. However, in order to keep up with the technological frontier, it is necessary to under take appropriate actions serving to reduce the technological gap. This is why financing innovation is a complex process, requiring a flexible approach. And there is a considerable variety of financial instruments dedicated to innovations offered by market entities and by state institutions. This theoretical work is illustrated with examples of companies implementing technologically sophisticated products. Tesla Inc. finances work on the self-driving vehicle by increasing operational obligations, issuing debt securities, additional capital contributions and even the sale of CO2 emission rights. On the other hand, BRASTER SA, while working on introducing the oncological tester on the market, accumulated capital as a result of large issues of shares and taking out bank loans, which indicates that the company is just learning investment processes.

An innovative system of the agro-industrial complex: sectoral and territorial aspects

The relevance of the research topic is connected with the need to modernize and innovate the development of the agricultural sector in the context of the ongoing globalization of the world economy and the tasks of import substitution in Russia. Digital technologies have not yet reached all rural areas, which is a problem for the development of the digital economy in our country. There is a lag in the implementation of innovative products and agricultural projects from the industrial complex. This is primarily due to the lack of state financing and strict regulations of the relations existing in the agro-industrial complex. The formation of innovative systems at the level of territories (regions) cannot but include the agro-industrial complex in the system of management of innovations and investments of the region. The sectoral aspect of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex is associated with the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets for 2013-2020. The aim of the study is to substantiate the need for the growth of intensive introduction of innovative products in the agro-industrial sector based on the interrelationships of territorial and sectoral forms of managing innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, since the agro-industrial sector is vital for the population and ensuring food and economic security. The authors demonstrate the problems of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, present their own vision on the concept of the innovation system, including innovative products, innovative projects, innovative activities, and the innovative system of the agro-industrial complex. The sectoral and territorial (regional) aspects of innovation activities in the framework of the agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region are considered. Certain features of the management of innovative development in these areas are analyzed. Conditions stimulating the formation of an innovation system of the agro-industrial complex are given, and a number of reasons explaining the lag in the innovative filling of the agricultural sector are also addressed in the paper.

Murmansk Arctic State University – Scientific and Educational Center of the Murmansk Region

The paper addresses the role of universities in the generation, use and dissemination of knowledge, analyzes principles and ways to develop science and education at universities. It is emphasized that the University is becoming an active player not only in training, but also in the production of a new knowledge, in its dissemination and implementation through innovation. At the same time, it is necessary to note that the conditions of the Far North impose a unique specificity on the work of the University and its scientific and innovative activities.For Murmansk Arctic State University (MASU), scientific and research work is one of the most dynamically developing components that create development potential. The paper presents the range of MASU’s scientific activities which includes 3 main spheres: natural science, technical science, social science, and Humanities. The authors dwell on the students’ and postgraduates’ scientific activities, consider the youth scientific organizational structure.As a flagship University, MASU is implementing a strategic development project “MASU is Scientific and Technological Hub of the Region” formed with the direct support of the Government of the Murmansk region. Within the framework of the project, an information and analytical platform was created in MASU under the partnership with Kola Science Center RAS (IAP MASU-KSC). This platform is an integrating consulting mechanism including a set of technological, commercial and marketing solutions for the development and implementation of innovative products and technologies in organizations operating in the field of ensuring a comfortable human presence in the Far North.As one of the priority goals of the strategic development of the University, the trajectory of the Arctic scientific and educational center (SEC) creation on the basis of MASU is highlighted. The key areas and ways to improve the efficiency of scientific and educational activities of MASU, as well as the expected results of the SEC are considered.

Scientific and Technical Problems in Natural Gas Recovery, Transport, and Processing

One of the priorities in Russia’s scientific and technological development is the transition to environmentally friendly and sustainable energy and increasing efficiency in the recovery and advanced processing of hydrocarbon raw materials. Realization of this aim will not only create a balanced, stably developing R&D sector in this field, but also ensure competitiveness among companies operating in the global gas market. This necessitates the close cooperation between PJSC Gazprom, the largest transnational energy corporation, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Back in 2002, the company’s board and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences adopted the Program of Fundamental and Applied Research of RAS Institutes, within which research teams of the Academy carried out a set of studies on the most important problems in the development of Russia’s gas production. In 2017, the Research and Development Program in the interests of Gazprom was updated and aimed at further development of Russia’s energy and industrial infrastructure, the creation of a fundamental basis for new technologies, and the elaboration and implementation of innovative products and services at gas recovery, transport, and processing facilities.

Innovative measurement of structural transformations in the economy of large cities of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the innovative dimension of structural transformations of the economy of large cities of Ukraine on the example of industrial enterprises. For this purpose, the author analyzes the dynamics of the quantity, structure and concentration of innovative active industrial enterprises in the big cities of Ukraine; the dynamics and structure of innovations (introduction of new technological processes and development of innovative types of products); indicators of the implementation of innovative products. In order to compare, the article provides statistical information on innovation activities in Ukrainian industry as a whole, as well as in Polish industry. The paper establishes that financial constraints remain to be the main factor inhibiting the innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises due to acute shortage of own financial resources, which are the main source of financing of innovation activity. The main institutional and organizational problems of activation of innovation activity in industry are named, in particular: 1) low level of innovation and executive culture, insufficient enforcement of laws and violations of legislation; 2) absence of coordinated activity of state, regional authorities and local self government bodies aimed at the country's innovative development; 3) the lack of integrated application of mechanisms of state influence to achieve innovation priorities; 4) insufficient development of innovation infrastructure; 5) low level of innovation activity of small industrial enterprises; 6) there is almost no cooperation between the state, science and business in the priority sectors for the national economy. The problems associated with human resources provision of high-tech development are sharp for Ukraine. The solution of this problem is seen in improving the quality of technical education and ensuring its compliance with contemporary world trends and requirements; forecasting and monitoring of the state order for specialists in technological specialties, etc. The prospect of further research on the subject of the article is the search for ways to create favorable institutional and organizational conditions for increasing the innovation activity of industrial enterprises.

Innovation as a factor of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises

The competitiveness of various economic entities is an actual topic of economic research. For agro-industrial enterprises, innovation in the field of industrial technologies is an important condition for competitiveness. Practical interest in the development and implementation of innovative products is the creation of reserves for the renewal and further development of the reproductive process. From this point of view, it is necessary to assess the feasibility of introducing proposed technological innovations, based, inter alia, on the use of the SWOT analysis method and the investment evaluation of the competitiveness of project solutions. When carrying out the SWOT-analysis method, the competitive environment of the functioning of the agro-industrial enterprise is considered as an object of research. The subject of the study is the process of increasing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial enterprise for the processing of poultry products by developing and introducing high technology technological innovations, in which the authors position new recipe-component solutions for paste based on the use of secondary collagen-containing slaughter and poultry products, in particular chickens, broilers. The importance of these innovations is emphasized to strengthen the competitive positions of enterprises in the agroindustrial complex. The economic efficiency of introducing technological innovations is substantiated from the point of view of obtaining an investment effect and having comparative advantages over an alternative variant of financial investments in the form of a bank deposit. In the selected range of bank rates (12–20%), the production variant of investments is more stable than the possible income in the form of interest on deposits, in particular by criteria, internal profitability and the payback period of investments.

PECULIARITIES OF DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Article is devoted to analysis of the scientific, technical and innovative development of Ukraine for the purpose of identification of peculiarities of diffusion of innovations in the regions.Relevant issues of diffusion of innovations are generalized using results of the corresponding theoretical and practical studies, which were conducted in the countries with market economy and with the high level of information technology development. Peculiarities of diffusion of innovations in areas with different population density, scientific and business environments are considered. Indicators of scientific, technical and innovative development of the regions of Ukraine are analyzed using the method of principal components. Authors singled out from the general array of parameters specific indicators, which characterize the principal components of innovative development, among which there are levels of research activity, innovation activity, human and financial potential. Consolidation of regions depending on the level of indicators, which characterize the principal components of innovative development is performed. Correlation between the value of corresponding indicators and levels of urbanization and industrial development of the regions are clearly established.Grouping of regions of Ukraine depending on the level of development of a human capital, amounts of funding of R&D and innovation activities, level of implementation of innovative products and technologies in production is performed.Need of increasing the availability of disaggregated statistics related to innovation activity of the enterprises and scientific institutions in Ukraine is proved. Ways of acceleration of diffusion of innovations and regional alignment of indicators of innovative development in Ukraine are defined, including: strengthening of the state innovation policy to foster development of regional and industry networks of exchange of the innovation experience, knowledge, open information on new developments and possibilities of financing of the innovation projects; support of creation in rural territories of partnership around the innovation projects to ensure SME greening and rapid implementation of the latest innovation processes.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN STATE INSTITUTION «ATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR RADIATION MEDICINE OF NAMS OF UKRAINE»

The analysis of the state of innovation activity of NRCRM was carried out. The main types of innovation activity of the institution are highlighted, namely: creation and implementation of innovative product, innovative consulting. The perspective directions of its development were substantiated: increase of the level of implementation with the use of modern informational and publishing mechanisms, in particular digital object identification, and develop- ment of academic entrepreneurship.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION OF INVESTMENT IN THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR

The purpose of this article is to analyse the main factors of innovative development of the agrarian sector, to run a research on investment support of innovations, which will enable to determine the main directions of improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of investment in the innovative development of the agrarian sector of the country. The methodology of the research is to substantiate the necessity of state support of innovative development of the agrarian sector, as a priority direction of its investment support, which involves the implementation of a set of measures to change existing trends, reducing the amount of financing of scientific and technical works, and reducing the number of research institutions involved in the development and implementation of innovative products in agriculture, while creating an institutional environment for development and implementation of agrarian innovations through the national and regional investment funds, promotion of the implementation of scientific developments into production by expanding the availability of financial resources through public and private partnerships and the commercialization of research results. The results of the study indicate that Ukraine’s agriculture has potential opportunities to improve its competitive advantage in world markets. However, in order to strengthen them, it is necessary to take a number of measures: to form economic and political support for agricultural enterprises using scientific equipment and new technologies; to ensure the creation and distribution of a network of innovative funds to support innovative business at different levels; to orient all loans and support in Ukraine to implement innovative projects in specific areas of production development, including innovation and investment support of agricultural enterprises; Provide additional tax incentives for enterprises producing innovative products, which will increase the financial resources for the implementation of innovation projects and innovation program; clearly identify the legislative provision of funding and form a mechanism to support small businesses. Practical meaning. The identified development priorities can serve as a basis for creating conditions for the domestic agricultural enterprises to implement the offensive strategy in foreign markets, supporting constructive competition in the domestic market, which will stimulate agrarian formation to innovation, ensure close integration of production and science, in order to facilitate the advance development of scientific and technological sphere. Value/Originality. The results of the study indicate that improving the investment provision of the agrarian sector of the economy involves determining the prospects for its long-term development based on scientifically based methodological approaches, the use of which allows measuring changes and expected socioeconomic outcomes.

Умови формування інноваційної моделі економічного розвитку економіки України

Досліджено умови формування інноваційної моделі економічного розвитку економіки України. Визначені напрямки державної політики, спрямованої на прискорення інноваційних процесів. На основі розрахунків доведено, що зростання державних витрат на фінансування технічних наук може бути здійснене на основі перерозподілу фінансових ресурсів. Рівень інноваційної активності промислових підприємств України суттєво поступається розвинених країнам ЄС. Особливо критичним є відставання від розвинених країн у реалізації інноваційних товарів, робіт та послуг, які були новими для ринку. Одним із факторів, який би сприяв посиленню комерціалізації науки, повинно стати використання досвіду зарубіжних країн щодо податкового стимулювання впровадження інновацій. Відновлення економічного зростання не супроводжувалося стійкою тенденцією до підвищення ефективності технологічних інновацій.
 Побудова інноваційної моделі економічного розвитку країни потребує мобілізації фінансових, матеріальних та трудових ресурсів держави. В умовах обмеженості фінансових ресурсів вагомим джерелом збільшення витрат на технічні науки може слугувати їх перерозподіл. З метою активізації інноваційної діяльності необхідне впровадження податкове стимулювання зростання інноваційних витрат. Серед провідних напрямків – впровадження прискорених норм амортизації для інноваційного обладнання.
 

Eco-innovations in the functioning of companies

The development of entrepreneurships in the 21st century cannot occur without taking care of the natural environment. The article presents issues related to eco-innovation.Despite the opportunities offered by eco-innovations, implementation of such initiatives remains to lead to various difficulties. They vary across countries and sectors. The insufficient number of enterprises in Poland and other European countries implement adequate level of eco-innovations. The main aim of this paper is to indicate the causes of this status and activities aimed to develop eco-innovativeness. The benefits and risks connected with implementation of innovative products and technologies were also discussed.Furthermore, the advantages of and barriers to their implementation into companies were analysed. The entrepreneurs from the least eco-innovative countries emphasize serious barriers, including uncertain demand from the market, uncertain return on investment or too long a payback period for eco-innovation, lack of funds within the enterprise, insufficient access to existing subsidies and fiscal incentive. They are especially afraid of the financial risks, which raises uncertainty and leads to refraining from innovative initiatives. The possibilities were indicated for the entrepreneurs who face problems with the implementation of innovative solutions. Particular attention was paid to the European Union activities for the development of eco-innovations. Numerous programs supporting their implementation were indicated. The article also presents examples of eco-innovation in water and sewage enterprises. It was emphasized that planning of eco-innovative solutions should be based on comprehensive information about actual benefits and possibility of threats to the environment which can be caused by implementation of eco-innovations. The study presents the example of threats resulting from different methods of sewage sludge management.