Implementation Of Innovation Activities Research Articles

Conditions for the Formation and Development of a Culture of Risk Management for Teaching Staff

Introduction. In conditions of socio-economic instability, the use of risk management tools when making management decisions, building a management system that includes risk management, will allow you to more effectively achieve your goals. At the same time, the problem of risk management by the management of educational organizations, as well as in the organizational and managerial activities of teaching staff, is not given due attention. This allows us to talk about an unformed risk management culture as one of the results of professional training and advanced training of workers in the field of education. Risk management culture is one of the components of management culture that determines the readiness of teaching staff to ensure the quality of management in the educational system (management of the educational process, educational and cognitive activities of students, etc.). Risk management culture is increasingly being considered by researchers from the perspective of an innovative type of management culture, focused on the implementation of innovations, and the implementation of innovative activities always takes into account risks. Materials and methods: terminological analysis of risk management in the management of educational systems; abstract review of the formation and practical implementation of the risk culture of teaching staff. Results. Scientific and practical substantiation of the relevance of the development of theory and practice of creating a culture of risk management in the process of education, training and advanced training of teaching staff. Conclusions. The effectiveness of organizational and managerial activities in the education system presupposes a sufficient level of riskological competence of a teacher at all stages of the implementation of managerial functions, regardless of his status and position. The process of forming, improving and developing a risk culture requires taking into account the current level of implementation of certain organizational and pedagogical conditions when implementing professional retraining and advanced training programs.

Приоритеты государственного регулирования инновационной деятельности в условиях поддержания технологического суверенитета страны

The article deals with the issues of state regulation of innovative activity in the context of modern foreign policy, economic challenges, and the need to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country. The study highlights the main goals and methods of state innovation policy. Two groups of factors influencing the innovative development of the economy (stimulating factors and inhibitory factors slowing down the implementation of innovative activity) are described. The activities of the main institutions for the development of innovations in the Russian Federation are considered, and an analysis of the dynamics of the costs of the innovative activity of organizations is presented. The role of state corporations in the innovative and technological development of the Russian economy is substantiated, and the mechanisms and features of the organization of innovative activity used in these organizations are considered. Practical examples of the participation of state corporations in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country are presented. It has been determined that the implementation of innovative activity by these corporations makes it possible to develop not only internal innovations and technologies but also to ensure the influx of external developments and to select innovative projects, including taking into account the priorities of the technological independence of our country. The analysis made it possible to highlight the problems and shortcomings of the existing mechanisms and instruments of state regulation of innovative activity, as well as to offer recommendations for their improvement.

The Role of Education and the Human Factor in Inovation Activity

In this article is presented and justified the role of education, the human factor and retraining in the implementation of innovation activity. The main purpose is to analyze and conceptually outline the relationship between them. Directions for development of the human factor, education and some basic characteristics of the innovation manager such as necessary cognitive competences, professional skills and personal qualities are indicated. The author’s understanding of modern education, which should be implemented in Bulgarian secondary and higher schools, is presented in order to ensure the training of personnel with an affinity for innovation, creativity and research. The opportunity of using a constructivist approach to change the previous paradigm in education, in which the student is only an object in this process and teaching is reduced to knowledge transfer, and assessment is related to the possibilities of their reproduction, is considered.

Institutional structure and state regulation of NIS

Сurrent geopolitical situation caused by unfriendly policies and sanctions against Russia by the states of Western Europe and the United States are the main reasons for the preservation and development of its state sovereignty, further improvement of innovation policy. In addition to the above, we can add the withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, the ban on the supply of Russian high-tech products to foreign markets, the instability of the economic situation in domestic markets, in terms of import substitution of products and the reorientation of the Russian economy to the markets of Southeast Asia and China. Taking into account the modern transformation processes taking place in the domestic innovation market, a special role is assigned to the National Innovation System (NIS), consisting of a complex of interrelated business entities and institutional organizations interacting with each other in the process of innovation. The main element of the NIS is the state, which ensures the functioning and comprehensive support of innovation activities, as well as the formation of its strategic priorities, monitoring and coordination. The functions of state power to regulate economic development in the field of innovation, at the stage of formation and functioning of the NIS, are represented by organizational and financial support, the creation of incentives and conditions for the organization and implementation of innovative activities by business entities. With the targeted support of the state, the institutional structures of NIS are able to: increase the volume of modern high-tech technologies and high-tech industries, increase the output of competitive innovative products, stimulate the construction of innovative infrastructure and, in general, increase the level of development of the Russian economy. State regulation of innovation activity includes two management subsystems: the first one serves to ensure direct management of innovation activities, by virtue of its authority, and the second is intended for state regulation of innovations carried out by large corporations, high-tech enterprises, due to the importance of their activities for the state. As a scientific increment of the research results, the authors introduce the concept of institutional mechanism of NIS development, with the integration of key areas of development. The most important function of this mechanism is the scientific, industrial and technological sphere, using intellectual property and artificial intelligence technologies implemented in national technoparks, regional innovation centers, territories of advanced development of high technologies.

Challenges of Online Learning in New Strategic Trends in the Educational Space

An innovative approach to the study of strategic dynamics is presented, pedagogical conditions are studied that optimize the educational process, and shows the heterogeneity of didactic and educational strategies. In the context of the purpose and objectives of the study, the issues with the implementation of innovative activities in line with new strategic trends are considered. The acmeological-synergetic approach is used as an internal source of the axiological core formation, taking into account psychological and didactic barriers. Characteristic strategies are singled out from the standpoint of the teaching staff and students. In connection with the strategic trends in the online education modernization in the study of mathematics and physics, psychological and pedagogical components are highlighted in the context of acmeology, synergetics, axiology

Tax Incentives for Innovative Activities

Innovative activity is always a powerful driver of social and economic development of any state. At the same time, research and development also needs a certain amount of nourishment, first of all, from the state, in particular through the appropriate regulatory and legal mechanisms for its incentive. And the more the state is interested in scientific and technical development, the wider the circle should be and the more perfect the mechanisms for incentive innovative activity should be. The purpose of this article is to analyze the norms of the current regulatory legal acts of Ukraine, which provide for tax benefits in connection with the implementation of innovative activities, as well as to compare them with tax preferences in some countries of the European Union. Thus, the procedure for providing tax relief for funds received from the Innovation Development Fund (Ukrainian Startup Fund) has been analyzed. The elements of the legal mechanism for granting this benefit are singled out and characterized, its impact on the object and tax base is determined, and the circle of taxpayers to whom it applies is outlined. The legal status of the Ukrainian Startup Fund, the order and scope of its financing from the state budget have been determined. Attention was also paid to determining the essence and features of the provision of budget grants, their impact on the incentive of innovative activity. The elements of the tax-legal mechanism for providing budget grants are characterized, their impact on the object and tax base is indicated, and the categories of taxpayers who are entitled to a tax benefit in connection with receiving a budget grant are established. It is emphasized that today tax benefits apply only to budget grants provided by the Ukrainian Cultural Fund. In turn, on the basis of the analysis of the works of scientists from legal and economic sciences, a list of the most common tax benefits used to incentive innovative activity was determined in global practice. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of tax incentives for innovative activity in Poland, Hungary, Spain and France. Common features and fundamental differences between the concepts of tax and legal incentives of innovative activity in Ukraine and in the specified countries of the European Union have been established.

Assessment of the effectiveness of innovative activities of enterprises in the West Kazakhstan region

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the level of innovativedevelopment of the West Kazakhstan region, and examines the importance of innovation ingeneral for improving the competitiveness of the region. A prerequisite for the development ofthe state’s innovation economy as a whole is the analysis of innovative and spatial regionalindicators of its individual regions. Therefore, the article provides a comprehensive analysisof the dynamic indicators of enterprises in the West Kazakhstan region for the introduction ofinnovations and implementation of innovative activities. In addition, the costs of producingproduct and technological innovations for each region located in the western region have beenstudied comparatively. Using the induction method of research, the innovative activity of theregion was calculated. Based on the results obtained, the main problems and constraints for thedevelopment of innovative activity were identified. The innovative activity of enterprises in theWest Kazakhstan region was evaluated, and ways of its sustainable and effective development inthe future were proposed.

FINANCING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian goods and technologies is an important problem, the solution of which is connected with the improvement of their development, production, sale and maintenance, that is, with the implementation of targeted financing of innovative activities. The purpose of the study is to determine the state and establish trends in the financing of innovative activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine for the period 2000-2020 based on actual data provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine as of the date of publication of the article. Analytical method, methods of data grouping, graphic methods, methods of deduction, comparison, systematization and logical generalization were used in the research process. The article examines the dynamics of sources of financing innovative activities of Ukrainian enterprises over a certain period of time; considered internal and external sources of financing innovative processes, problems and prospects of their involvement by domestic industrial enterprises. It was established that in the period before the announcement of quarantine measures due to COVID-19 and the subsequent start of Russia's aggressive war against Ukraine, the main sources of financing innovative activities in Ukraine were: companies' own funds; funds from the state budget of the country; funds from foreign investors and funds from other funding sources (funds from domestic investors, grants, etc.). The conducted research shows that the state policy of Ukraine regarding the implementation of innovative activities is unstable and fragmented. Adopted state acts are not supported by financial and other instruments that would allow domestic enterprises to carry out and finance innovative activities at an accelerated pace. In such a situation, the leadership of our country should pay more attention to the improvement of the legislative framework and the creation of real financial instruments of forced assistance to Ukrainian enterprises in the implementation of innovative activities.

Інноваційний розвиток ІТ-сфери в Україні

The development of strategic guidelines in the IT sphere deserves considerable attention in view of the efficiency and long-term consequences that certain decisions and actions have for the development of IT business in the country. Strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should involve policies and procedures available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of the entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The above requires the definition of basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine, which indicates the relevance of this study. Among researchers of the innovation process today, the prevailing belief is that innovations in the modern economic environment arise and be spread in the networks that connect individual actors. This position is formed on the basis of the evolution of views on the problems of the course of innovation processes and finds expression in the conception of feedback models, integrated models, as well as the concept of «open innovation environment». The researchers have also identified the following components of innovation development: social activity, creative activity, intellectual capital and entrepreneurial initiative. At the same time, studies of the problems of implementing the innovation process in the IT sphere in the reviewed works relate primarily to the micro level and much less to the macro level, that is, taking into account the need to solve the problems of development of this sphere and the economy of the country as a whole. The creation, assimilation and dissemination of innovations in the modern economic environment should be implemented in the form of a certain development strategy, within which it is possible to manage, control and stimulate the course of this process. The article is aimed at substantiating strategic guidelines for innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine under current conditions, under the influence of factors of the business environment and specifics of the national innovation system. The informational basis of the carried out study is the normative legal acts of Ukraine on the issues of conducting economic activity of enterprises, the implementation of innovation activity; scientific publications of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The study uses general scientific and special methods: induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis; dialectical method – in identifying specific features of strategic innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine; abstraction, generalization, system, functional methods – when developing a strategy for the development of the IT sphere in Ukraine and the forms of its practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should use instruments available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of an economic entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The configuration of such instrumentarium is formed taking into account the problems of development of the IT sphere, country-specific development factors, global trends in the development of IT technologies, i. e., the limitations and opportunities that determine the form and content of the instruments used. The basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine are determined. Prospects for further research are to deepen and structure the instrumentarium for managing innovation activities in the IT sphere of Ukraine, which can be applied to specific directions of such activities.

ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОБЛІКОВО-ФІНАНСОВИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

The publication considers the implementation of accounting and financial mechanisms of innovative interaction of business entities for enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex in accordance with modern challenges. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to revealing the meaning of the concept of "accounting and financial mechanism" are considered. The theoretical aspects of the accounting and financial mechanism were studied; regulatory and legal support; the issue of innovative interaction of economic entities in the conditions of martial law; issues of innovative development in the global and national environment. At the same time, deepening the study of accounting and financial mechanisms, as well as the issue of their effective use in the implementation of innovative activities, is relevant. The main indicators for the analysis of the activity of a domestic enterprise in the metallurgical industry during the implementation of the accounting and financial mechanism are presented, taking into account the innovative interaction of business entities and production features. The factors affecting the enterprise's activity and its financial result in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. The prospect of developing such a concept of the accounting and financial mechanism of the enterprise, which will stimulate the formation of favorable conditions for ensuring all current needs for profit, requires further research. In particular, increasing the efficiency of business entities sets before them the task of forming and improving the financial support of the enterprise, the functioning of which would ensure the possibility of stable economic growth and development. In today's dynamic environment, complications of relations constantly appear in the accounting and financial mechanism, if its incentives and levers are not used correctly. The basis of the article was the changes taking place at the economic level of the state; challenges faced by domestic producers and the search for ways to support cross-border cooperation of enterprises under the conditions of using accounting and financial mechanisms of interaction of business entities.

Scientific support of the innovative development of agriculture in the Russian Federation: Problems and solutions

The article analyzes the most important sphere of the economy of any state, which is the agro-industrial complex. It provides production of the most important products necessary for human life and society as a whole. At the same time it is the innovation and implementation of innovation activities that can ensure the competitiveness of the country’s agricultural products in the world arena. The aim of this article is to identify the features of scientific support of innovative development of agro-industrial complex in modern economic conditions. The key priorities of scientific support of the process of implementation of advanced technologies in this area have been considered. The features of the implementation of innovation processes in agriculture have been investigated. The model of innovative development of agriculture of the country is offered.

Research and development activity as an element of enterprises innovation

The implementation of innovative activities is essential in the modern world for the development of enterprises and for them to maintain their competitive position. A special role is played by the level of spending on research and development activities, especially those related to new technologies. Companies are characterized by different propensities for this type of spending, which can be determined by various factors. The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how corporate R&D spending is influenced by other sectors' R&D spending and the level of digital literacy of society. The results indicate that there are correlations between the level of corporate R&D spending and the level of government and higher education spending, as well as the level of digital skills of society.

Rethinking the business process through reengineering

In management, there are many management approaches that make it possible to increase the performance indicators of the enterprise. At the same time, the priority direction of the development of enterprises is the implementation of innovative activities. To achieve success in this area, companies are changing management approaches, organizational structures and business models. However, in the conditions of constant aggravation of the competitive struggle, the achievement of high indicators of the enterprise's activity is best ensured by the reengineering of business processes. The innovativeness of reengineering lies in the fact that it combines the use of the prerogatives of computer technologies, human resource management technologies and changes in business processes. In the current economic conditions, the speed of reaction of all subsystems of the enterprise and the efficiency of operations are of particular importance and are a necessary condition for its effective functioning in the conditions of constantly intensifying competition. In this situation, reengineering is the most effective, because it contributes to increasing the efficiency of the enterprise by changing the business model it uses. Therefore, the study of reengineering procedures, its principles and tasks is relevant in today's conditions. The purpose of the study is to generalize theoretical approaches to the main principles, types and tasks of business process reengineering as a tool for effective enterprise management. The methodological basis of the study was the work of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of reengineering and change management of enterprises. Business process reengineering is a thorough rethinking and radical redesign of business processes of enterprises that want to significantly improve their performance. . It is used when it is necessary to make a reasoned decision about the reorganization of activities: radical transformations, business restructuring, replacement of existing management structures with new ones, etc. Thanks to the effective use of business process reengineering tools, it is possible to make the enterprise more flexible to changes in the external environment and more stable in competitive conditions. Thus, the reengineering of business processes involves a decisive, fundamental restructuring of business processes and the foundations of the management organization in order to significantly increase the competitiveness of the enterprise on the market and significantly increase the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole system.

INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES ON THE LEVEL OF PROFITABILITY OF ENTERPRISES

Topicality. Today, the profitability of the enterprise is the main indicator of economic stability, competitiveness, efficiency and the meaning of the creation and further existence of the enterprise in any field of activity. The main goal of the strategy for the development and efficiency of the enterprise is to ensure a sufficient level of competitiveness and obtain maximum profit, therefore, the search and justification of ways to increase the profitability of enterprises is always an urgent problem. In the modern world, during the period of active development of scientific, technical and innovative activities, the introduction of innovations into the activities of enterprises has a huge impact on the level of profitability of modern enterprises.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of innovative activity on the level of profitability of enterprises. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: the concepts of innovative activity and profitability of the enterprise were considered; the influence of innovative activity on the level of profitability of the enterprise is determined; the main indicators of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises are analyzed.
 Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the study, general scientific methods of cognition, observation, abstract-logical thinking, a systematic approach, and economic interpretation were used. Methods of a systematic approach to solving problems, as well as analysis, synthesis and unity of logical analysis and dialectical development, historical approach, statistical hypotheses and relationships, expert research.Research results. The article examines the concept of innovative activity and enterprise profitability; the influence of innovative activity on the level of profitability of the enterprise is determined; the main indicators of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises are analyzed. Directions for profit maximization and measures aimed at increasing the profitability of enterprises are proposed.Conclusion. The profitability of any enterprise can be increased due to the implementation of the results of innovative activities. The introduction of innovations makes it possible to produce products of higher quality and less energy consumption, and the operation of the enterprise is more efficient. But it can be said that one of the main problems of introducing innovations at enterprises is the unpreparedness of management to implement them in their economic activity. Although the efficiency of their use can significantly improve the profitability of business entities. Innovative activity is the direction of maximizing the demand for products, as a variety of forms of business organization, as a stage of the enterprise's innovative business strategy. The development and state of the innovation environment affects the level of profitability of enterprises. The introduction of innovations, the implementation of innovative activities at the enterprise allows to form such areas of profit maximization as: product, technological, organizational and management, resource, market. For the development and activation of innovative activities of domestic enterprises in the country, it is necessary to form and implement a system of targeted measures: development and introduction of a mechanism for granting benefits to enterprises that implement and realize the results of innovative activities; providing innovative enterprises with loans at a reduced credit rate; reduction of income taxation of enterprises that develop, implement innovations and use ecologically dangerous technologies, etc. The proposed measures will help create a favorable innovation climate, stimulate enterprises to increase their interest in the development and implementation of knowledge-intensive technologies, which in turn will lead to an increase in their profitability and competitiveness on the world market. In the country, there is no sufficient relationship between the amount of innovation financing for industrial enterprises and their own capital, the implementation of the results of innovation activity at domestic enterprises is expedient in order to increase their profitability, to determine an innovative development strategy, to make management decisions and increase efficiency and competitiveness. The prospect of further research in this direction is the identification of the relationship between the innovative activities of enterprises and their value indicators in the sector and the development of a universal model for assessing the impact of the innovative development of the enterprise on its profitability.

The role of the state in the financing sources’ formation of industrial enterprises’ innovative activities

Currently, the external conditions for the functioning of industrial enterprises are formed in such a way that the achievement of their goals is seen impossible without the implementation of innovative activities. Due to the high cost of innovations, as well as the need to conduct these processes on an ongoing basis, industrial enterprises lack their own funds to finance innovation activities. The state is interested in the innovative development of industrial enterprises. This is one of the reasons why it participates in the formation of their funding sources. The article substantiates the need for state support, as well as analyzes the options for its provision by type of financing sources. For each type of sources, options for providing large-scale support, implying a large coverage area, as well as point-directed support, are also highlighted.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPANY INNOVATIVENESS FOR STOCK PRICE AND VOLATILITY

The aim of this paper was to determine whether company innovativeness is significant for the price and volatility of stocks. In modern business conditions, innovation is one of the foundations of business success because companies that innovate not only monitor changes in the environment but also generate new revenue, open new markets, and so on, which significantly improves their position in relation to the competition. Exploring the significance of innovation for stock price movements can be important for understanding how the market reacts to innovation, but it can also motivate companies to invest more in innovation processes and the implementation of innovation activities. In the paper, the authors used a quantitative methodology based on a panel regression analysis of data collected from secondary sources for the period from 2005 to 2020. The research included eight of the most innovative companies ranked by the Boston Consulting Group. The results indicate that company innovativeness is statistically significant for average stock price and coefficients of variability. Given the important role that innovativeness plays in a company’s business, the results obtained can serve as guidelines for managers in charge of implementing innovation activities in companies, as well as investors and other relevant stakeholders. Recommendations for future research are aimed at expanding the model with additional variables, which could potentially increase the representativeness of the model, and testing existing models on other data sources.

What are the Immediate Prospects for the Implementation of Innovative Activity of the Domestic Agro-Industrial Complex

The innovative development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Russian Federation is a priority area of state policy, since the agro-industrial complex is the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. Technological and product innovations in the sector will reduce the risks of doing business and provide the domestic and foreign markets with goods that have high consumer value and meet the needs of consumers. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the need for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex and develop recommendations for increasing the innovative activity of agro-industrial enterprises. The objectives of the study are to determine the industry’s contribution to GDP, to determine the level of innovation activity, to analyze development factors, to analyze factors that slow down innovation activity and to draw up appropriate recommendations. Research methods are economic analysis and synthesis. The article shows that the innovative development of the agroindustrial complex largely depends on state support and the creation of a special institution for the transfer of innovative technologies. The main provisions of the article: it is shown that in modern Russia the high potential of agro-industrial production has not been realized; innovative development of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex depends on the import of technologies; Russia has a scientific base and the potential for creating innovative solutions, but in the absence of technology transfer institutions, it cannot be realized; the creation of a special institute for technology transfer will increase the innovative activity and competitiveness of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the domestic and world markets.

Dynamics of Innovation Activity in the Context of the Narrative Economics Approach

The purpose of this paper is the explanation of the dynamics of innovation activity in Russia (on the example of the level of innovation activity of organizations) and identification of the problems for innovative development, based on the methodology of narrative institutional analysis. Research methods are narrative and content analysis, a graphical method for displaying statistical data. The study formulates the differences in the interpretation and methods of analysis of narratives between the narrative economy (in the tradition of R. Schiller) and the narrative analysis in other social sciences. The application of the approach of narrative economics to the study of the Russian innovation system provides a study of narratives that combines the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Narratives in R. Schiller’s approach are interpreted as stories or expressed explanations of events, discussed in conversations, news, and social media to stimulate interest or demonstrate emotions. The problem of interrelation between the narratives about the innovation activity and the indicators of the innovation activity is considered. The distinction between the direct and indirect influence of narratives on indicators of innovative activity is proposed. The direct influence of narratives on the indicators of innovation activity may include modifying the methods for calculating indicators. The indirect influence of narratives on the indicators of innovation activity may include modifying the motivation and level of activity of the actors of the national innovation system. The observed dynamics of indicators of innovative activity indicate its stagnation, at the same time, the volume of discussion in the media about innovations is increasing. The paper discusses possible reasons that impede the strengthening of innovative development. The main focus is on assessing the importance of the problem of business demand for innovations and commercialization of innovations. The paper formulates a theoretical framework that summarizes the types of problems that may arise during the implementation of innovative activities. There are five types of problems that may arise during the implementation of innovative activities. The first type of the problems is caused by government compulsion, institutional constraints and intervention in economic activity. The second type of problem is caused by the opportunism of individuals who are selfish at any cost and are capable for violating rules and agreements. The third type of problem is associated with the difficulty of coordination and adapting the plans of free individuals, each of whom has only a part of the common knowledge that should be used in economic activity. The fourth type of problems is the lack of resources and knowledge for innovation; it is well studied by economic science. The fifth type of problems is the inability of individuals to make the optimal choice; in relation to the Russian innovation system, this is only a hypothesis and has not yet been studied. The first three «ideal types» of problems are incorporated in the narrative of the low demand for innovation from the business side.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РИСКАМИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

The article examines the essence of innovative risk, types of risks of innovation, methods of risk management of innovation, as well as the possibility of assessing and minimizing risk in the implementation of innovative projects at enterprises and organizations. The examples of innovative risk management in the largest companies, both in Russia and abroad, are considered. Proposals have been developed for organizing a risk management system in the implementation of innovative activities in organizations.

REENGINEERING OF BUSINESS PROCESSES AS A TOOL OF EFFECTIVE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

In management, there are many management approaches that can improve the efficiency of the enterprise. At the same time, the priority of enterprise development is the implementation of innovative activities. To succeed in this area, companies are changing management approaches, organizational structures and business models. However, in the conditions of constant aggravation of competition, achievement of high indicators of activity of the enterprise is best provided at the expense of reengineering of business processes. The innovation of reengineering is that it combines the use of the prerogatives of computer technology, human resource management technology and business process change. In the current economic conditions, the speed of reaction of all subsystems of the enterprise and the efficiency of operations are of particular importance and are a necessary condition for its effective operation in conditions of constant competition. In this situation, reengineering is the most effective, because it helps to increase the efficiency of the enterprise by changing the business model it uses. Thus, the study of reengineering procedures, its principles and objectives is relevant today. The purpose of the study was to generalize theoretical approaches to the basic principles, types and objectives of business process reengineering as a tool for effective enterprise management. The methodological basis of the study was the work of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of reengineering and change management. Business process reengineering is a thorough rethinking and radical redesign of business processes of companies that want to significantly improve their performance. It is used in cases when it is necessary to make an informed decision on the reorganization of activities: radical transformations, business restructuring, replacement of existing management structures with new ones, etc. Through the effective use of business process reengineering tools can make the company more flexible to changes in the environment and more resilient in a competitive environment. Thus, business process reengineering involves a decisive, radical restructuring of business processes and the foundations of management to significantly increase the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market and significantly increase the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole system.