Implementation Of Health Education Research Articles

Ineffective Health Management for Family Hypertension Care in Sumberjambe Community Health Center

Background: The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays a role in reducing the risk of disease and increasing health status. Ineffective family health management occurs when the pattern of handling problems is not satisfactory enough to restore the health condition of family members. Purpose: This scientific work aims to identify healthcare problems with hypertensive families and provide interventions for families. Methods: This study used a case study method that described the health management of three families with hypertension in the Sumberjamber-Jember Health Center work area, then interventions were given in the form of health education, anti-hypertension exercises, and herbal cucumber juice therapy for three consecutive days. Results: After nursing care, it was obtained that there was an increase in knowledge related to hypertension seen from the pre-post test value, there was a change in blood pressure at 10 minutes before and after the anti-hypertension exercise, and no decrease in blood pressure was found after giving cucumber extract herbal therapy. Conclusion: Nurses can implement health education interventions, physical activity, and additional therapy in solving ineffective family health management problems.

Adolescents and reproductive health: Promoting healthy habits for reproductive well-being

Adolescence is characterized by rapid physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, and reproductive changes. Providing accurate and sufficient information is crucial in preparing young individuals to face these changes. This program aims to improve the understanding of reproductive health, namely puberty, among early adolescents in grades IV and V (aged 10-14 years) at Banyuurip Elementary School. The design utilized is a quasi-experimental method including pre-test and post-test assessments. Thirty-eight students were chosen for this study by purposive sampling. The program's effectiveness is evaluated by a questionnaire, and the data is analyzed using a paired t-test. The data shows a notable difference in knowledge levels before and after obtaining health education through lectures and chats. Prior to health education implementation, most students demonstrated low knowledge levels (52.6%), followed by moderate levels (42.3%), while a tiny proportion had high knowledge levels (5.1%). After health education interventions, students' knowledge levels showed considerable improvement: 29% high, 71% sufficient, and 0% low. The average score increased from 76.58 before therapy to 83.16 after treatment. The median values were 80 and 90. The paired t-test yielded a p-value of 0.049, suggesting that reproductive health education significantly improved students' knowledge at Banyuurip Elementary School. The study indicates that health education could improve students' understanding of puberty and the maintenance of reproductive health.

Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and their risk factors in an informal settlement in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Informal settlement dwellers exhibit a high prevalence of behavioural risk factors and are highly vulnerable to hypertension and diabetes. However, no study has assessed the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and NCDrisk factors among informal settlement dwellers in Sierra Leone. We conducted a study in June 2019 to determine the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and NCD risk factors among adults living in the largest Sierra Leonean informal settlement (KrooBay).Methods and materialsWe conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey among adults aged ≥ 35 years in the KrooBay community. Trained healthcare workers collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health behaviours using the World Health Organization STEPwise surveillance questionnaire for chronic disease risk factors. Anthropometric, blood glucose, and blood pressure measurements were performed following standard procedures. Logistics regression was used for analysis and adjusted odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.ResultsOf the 418 participants, 242 (57%) were females and those below the age of 45 years accounted for over half (55.3%) of the participants. The prevalence of smoking was 18.2%, alcohol consumption was 18.8%, overweight was 28.2%, obesity was 17.9%, physical inactivity was 81.5%, and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was 99%. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 45.7% (95% CI 41.0-50.5%), systolic hypertension was 34.2% (95% CI 29.6–38.8%), diastolic blood pressure was 39.9% (95% CI 35.2–44.6), and participants with diabetes were 2.2% (95% CI 0.7–3.6%). Being aged ≥ 55 years (AOR = 7.35, 95% CI 1.49–36.39) and > 60 years (AOR 8.05; 95% CI 2.22–29.12), separated (AOR = 1.34; 95% 1.02–7.00), cohabitating (AOR = 6.68; 95% CL1.03-14.35), vocational (AOR = 3.65; 95% CI 1.81–7.39 ) and having a university education (AOR = 4.62; 95% CI 3.09–6.91) were found to be independently associated with hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension,and NCD risk factors was high among the residents of the Kroobay informal settlement. We also noted a low prevalence of diabetes. There is an urgent need for the implementation of health education, promotion, and screening initiatives to reduce health risks so that these conditions will not overwhelm health services.

Non-Communicable Diseases among Women of Reproductive Age Visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Non-communicable diseases are a significant cause of mortality worldwide, posing a substantial risk to women's health, as stated by the World Health Organization. In Nepal, a survey revealed that 10.5% of the population suffers from hypertension. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology among women of reproductive age presented from 6 November 2023 to 6 January 2024. The data was retrieved from the medical record during 1 November 2023 to 1 December 2023. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases was 608 (39.02%) (36.60-41.45, Confidence Interval). The mean age was 29.26±3.46 years. The most common non-communicable disease reported was hypertension 204 (33.55%) followed by chronic respiratory diseases 200 (32.89%) and diabetes mellitus 154 (25.34%). The prevalence of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age group was higher as compared to other studies done in similar setting. The study underscores the urgency for stakeholders to implement health education, early detection, and preventive strategies, emphasizing the necessity of targeted interventions and broader public health initiatives to address non-communicable diseases. chronic disease; non-communicable disease; prevalence; risk factors.

Strategies of Hearing Preservation With Military Personnel: A Scoping Review.

The purpose of this study was to map the strategies used in hearing health education with military personnel during the Hearing Preservation Program (HPP). This study is a scoping review, with electronic searches conducted in online databases and gray literature: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ASHAWire, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses. Only studies describing, analyzing, or evaluating the application of the HPP to active duty or training military personnel were included. A total of 3,478 references were retrieved, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The strategies were classified into five categories: focus group aimed at exploring knowledge and perceptions regarding hearing health (five studies), training on the proper fitting of hearing protection devices (four studies), the utilization of audiovisual materials (seven studies), questionnaires administrated before and after educational intervention (five studies), and feedback survey concerning the implemented hearing health education (three studies). There are five strategies that aimed at assessing knowledge and attitudes, improving hearing health education, facilitating information access, and evaluating the applied actions. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25219589.

FAMILY NURSING CARE USING NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTION ON THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH OBESITY IN RT 02 RW 07 KELURAHAN GROGOL KECAMATAN LIMO DEPOK CITY

Introduction: The incidence of obesity is continually increasing worldwide, including in both developed and developing countries. This condition can jeopardize health and increase the risk of disabilities in adults. Health education is defined as an effort to provide or improve the understanding, attitude, and actions taken by society in maintaining and improving their health. The purpose of this writing is to evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions in reducing body mass index (BMI) in school-age children. Method: The implementation method of the intervention is in the form of providing health education to school-age children. In providing health education about obesity in children by eating a diet and consuming healthy foods. Results: The results of the two-week implementation showed that treated patients experienced a decrease in BMI of 0.60 SD, while discharged patients experienced a decrease in BMI of 0.59. It can be concluded that providing health education intervention to school-age children who are obese is an effective measure to reduce their body mass index Conclusion: Therefore, as part of the management of obesity and overweight in school-age children, community nurses are expected to be able to implement health education.

Staphylococcus spp. and mecA gene in pregnant women: a neglected health risk to mother and child

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic, molecular and epidemiological profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. in pregnant women. Were included 100 asymptomatic pregnant women between 16 and 38 years old, who underwent microbiological examination by collecting a vaginal swab at the first trimester of pregnancy. The isolates were subjected to isolation, characterization, phenotypic and molecular tests were performed. Among the samples analyzed, were detected coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 83%, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, 6% and Streptococcus spp. in 5%, and there was no bacterial growth in 6%. The antibiotics that showed the highest resistance were amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (92.77%) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and penicillin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (100%), where in the latter S. aureus was the species identified in 66.67% of the samples. As for the identification of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. samples, this gene was detected in 40.5% of the samples of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and it was not detected in the samples of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. The epidemiological study showed that prior treatment with antibiotics was significantly (p≤0.016) associated with oxacillin resistance in vaginal swab samples. The presence of the mecA gene in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates demonstrated a bacterial profile in this type of biological sample, different from what is already presented in the scientific literature. New studies are warranted to understand the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved and later to implement health education actions both in the target population and in health care professionals.

A survey on the implementation of health education among nurses in the stomatology clinic in Guangdong Province

A survey on the implementation of health education among nurses in the stomatology clinic in Guangdong Province

Female genital mutilation and safer sex negotiation among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of demographic and health survey data.

The practice of female genital mutilation is associated with harmful social norms promoting violence against girls and women. Various studies have been conducted to examine the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated factors. However, there has been limited studies conducted to assess the association between female genital mutilation and markers of women's autonomy, such as their ability to negotiate for safer sex. In this study, we examined the association between female genital mutilation and women's ability to negotiate for safer sex in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted from 2010 to 2020. Data from a sample of 50,337 currently married and cohabiting women from eleven sub-Saharan African countries were included in the study. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between female genital mutilation and women's ability to refuse sex and ask their partners to use condom. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the findings of the logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Female genital mutilation was performed on 56.1% of women included in our study. The highest and lowest prevalence of female genital mutilation were found among women from Guinea (96.3%) and Togo (6.9%), respectively. We found that women who had undergone female genital mutilation were less likely to refuse sex from their partners (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.96) and ask their partners to use condoms (aOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.86) compared to those who had not undergone female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation hinders women's ability to negotiate for safer sex. It is necessary to implement health education and promotion interventions (e.g., decision making skills) that assist women who have experienced female genital mutilation to negotiate for safer sex. These interventions are crucial to enhance sexual health outcomes for these women. Further, strict enforcement of policies and laws aimed at eradicating the practice of female genital mutilation are encouraged to help contribute to the improvement of women's reproductive health.

Understanding child development and care integrality: Primary Health Care doctors and nurses' view.

To identify perceptions of primary care health professionals regarding the conceptual aspects of child development and propose strategies to address difficulties. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a small municipality in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The primary health care in this region is comprised of Family Health Units and Basic Health Units. The sample included 52 participants, consisting of doctors and primary care nurses. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was utilized, covering knowledge and practices related to child development. For this study, the first question of the questionnaire, which asked for a descriptive response about participants' understanding of child development, was employed. The responses were transcribed, and content analysis using the thematic approach was conducted. Among the participants, 54% were nurses, and the average duration of working with the pediatric population was ten years. 80% reported never having undergone training in child development. The analysis of the responses revealed heterogeneity in the professionals' understanding of the conceptual dimension of child development. Additionally, there was an insufficient grasp of the theoretical and practical aspects and a scarcity of resources to support comprehensive care for children. A predominant biomedical model focusing on disease and biological aspects of child health was evident in defining the understanding of the subject. The findings underscore the necessity of implementing health education initiatives and service projects in primary care settings. It is crucial to strengthen a comprehensive perspective of child health within the biopsychosocial model of the health-disease process.

Prevalence of HIV, Treponema pallidum and Their Coinfection in Men Who Have Sex with Men, Medellín-Colombia.

In Colombia, HIV and gestational syphilis are notifiable events; however, they are poorly investigated infections in men who have sex with men (MSM). To determine the prevalence of HIV, Treponema pallidum, and their co-infection in MSM treated at a Health Services Provider Institution (HSPI) specialized in infectious diseases from Medellín. Cross-sectional study with 3454 MSM. Prevalence was determined with its 95% confidence interval; associated factors were identified using Fisher's Exact test, Pearson's Chi-square, and trend Chi-square. Multivariate adjustment was performed using logistic regression. Analyses were performed using SPSS 29.0. The prevalence of HIV was 5.7%, T. pallidum 0.7%, and co-infection 0.6%. The prevalence of HIV was higher in MSM aged between 24-40 years (7.5%), with technical or university studies (10.0%), without health insurance affiliation (12.4%), and those who have had a sexual partner with HIV (36.2%). T. pallidum was higher in MSM without health insurance affiliation (3.4%), who had sexual relations with people diagnosed with an STI (5.9%), and a sexual partner with HIV (12.1%). Co-infection was higher in MSM without health insurance affiliation (2.7%), and those who had a partner with HIV (11.2%). Compared with the general Colombian population, MSM have a higher risk of HIV, but are similar to T. pallidum. The identification of the main associated factors in each infection demonstrates the need to prioritize subgroups of MSM that show greater vulnerability to these events. This research demonstrates the urgency of implementing health education strategies in MSM who have a sexual partner with HIV or other STIs. Large gaps were also evident in the magnitude of the three events according to the health insurance affiliation regime, which demonstrates problems of social and health injustice, especially with MSM without health insurance affiliation.

Awareness and Attitudes toward Health Education and Promotion among Physicians and Nurses: Implications for Primary Health Care.

Health promotion and education are collaborative efforts involving patients, healthcare providers, and society, crucial for preventing and managing disease outbreaks. However, in Saudi Arabia, the actual or perceived endeavors of physicians and nurses in health education and promotion are not widely understood, which holds significant implications for those working in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and attitude toward health education and promotion among physicians and nurses in primary healthcare centers in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and 187 participants were incorporated into the analysis. Questionnaires were distributed to physicians and nurses at the primary health care centers. Participants completed a face-to-face survey questionnaire about their awareness and attitude toward health education and promotion. One of the authors was physically present at the primary health care centers to assist the participants with answering the questionnaire questions. Saudis and physicians had higher awareness than non-Saudis and nurses, respectively. Work experience and institutional factors did not significantly influence awareness. A positive correlation between awareness and attitude was observed. However, perceived shortcomings in current approaches were identified, including a lack of skills and training, poor communication, and inadequate leadership support. Despite these challenges, healthcare professionals held positive attitudes toward health education, recognizing its importance in behavior change, reducing disparities, and influencing community policies. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, including research on effective models, training programs, and improved communication and leadership support, to address identified gaps and optimize health education implementation.

Pemberdayaan Ketahanan Pangan pada Stunting di Desa Buana Mekar Kecamatan Panumbangan Kabupaten Ciamis

Introduction: Stunting is a condition where a child experiences growth disorders, so that the child's height and weight do not match his age. This is caused by a lack of nutritional intake for a long time. Indonesia is a country with multiple nutritional problems, characterized by a high prevalence of stunting and anemia in pregnant women.&#x0D; Objective: The aim here is that it is hoped that stunting cases that exist, especially in the Buana Mekar Village area, can be prevented. In this way, children can grow and develop well so that an intelligent and healthy young generation is created.&#x0D; Method: The community service method is carried out through counseling and discussions with female cadres at the Buana Mekar Village Hall, Ciamis Regency.&#x0D; Result: Based on counseling activities, it can be concluded that 16 people (40%) of the participants were able to answer questions before the implementation of health education, before the material was delivered, there were 24 people (60%) who did not answer questions. And after the presentation was delivered, the participants' knowledge increased 100%. So it can be concluded that the participants present quite understand the material presented.&#x0D; Conclusion: The conclusion of the implementation of health counseling activities regarding the handling of stunting went well in accordance with what was expected and planned. This health education is effective and has positive values for the counseling participants. This can be seen from the enthusiasm and activeness of these health education participants and the increasing knowledge about handling resistance to stunting before and after education is given.

Providing Health Education Salt Dietary to Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is still a big health problem. It needs treatment in other forms besides medication, namely increasing understanding regarding salt or natrium consumption. Providing information can be done with various approaches, one of which is by using the health education method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing health education on salt dietary on hypertensive patients in Majene Regency. This research was an experimental research with a One-group pre-post test design with a sample of 32 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. This study used the wilcoxon signed rank test with a significance level of $\alpha$&lt; 0,05. The results of this study indicated that after conducting health education, most of the subjects experienced increased knowledge about dietary salt through the provision of health education information. There were differences in knowledge about the Salt diet before and after being given health education with a p-value of 0,003. Based on the results of this study, researchers recommend that nurses master several learning methods in implementing health education. Maintain the BPJS health prolanis community as a forum for communication with the same problem and become a medium for providing mutual support in improving the quality of life for people with hypertension. Nurses should continue to respect the patient's salt consumption habits slowly. Structured and scheduled in changing the client's salt consumption habits.

Health Promotion in Schools - A Key to Improving Young People's Health

The purpose of the article. The presented research aims to analyze the impact of health education on students' attitudes towards taking care of their health, the health of other people and the ability to create a healthy environment. The paper assumes that health education is provided in schools by the applicable law. The work presents an up-to-date perspective on the complex problem of how young people perceive health.&#x0D; Methodology. To verify the significance of the differences in the respondents' assessments, statistical methods (non-parametric tests) were used: the U-Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The calculations were made using Statistica. The research sample included young people from upper secondary and general education schools. The author's questionnaire was used. The study was anonymous. Respondents completed the questionnaire voluntarily. The research was conducted between March and September 2023.&#x0D; Results of the research. The conducted empirical analyses and the results of the surveys allowed us to achieve the goal assumed in the introduction and confirmed that health education in secondary schools influences the shaping of students' attitudes towards taking care of their health and the health of the community in which they live. By implementing health education at school – according to the core curriculum – students' awareness and motivation to undertake activities to improve and maintain good health is increased. Additionally, practical skills are developed to help them use the acquired knowledge in everyday life, and pro-health attitudes are formed. Health promotion is, therefore, the key to improving the health of school children, preparing them for a healthy lifestyle and making informed choices about their health and the community in which they live.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Resistance Among General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, and understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general population is essential for effective prevention and management. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the KAP of antibiotic resistance among adults in Saudi Arabia. Between August 2023 and October 2023, 1000 participants aged 16-65 years from various regions in Saudi Arabia were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were examined, and KAP variables towards antibiotic resistance were explored through a range of statistical methods, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Significance was defined as a p-value of ≤0.05. The majority of participants were Saudi natives (98.1%) with ages between 16 and 25 years (38%), and over half were female (55.7%). More than half held a university degree (54.7%), mainly in non-medical fields (73.3%), and a significant portion reported a monthly income above 10,000 Saudi Riyals (49.7%). Regarding knowledge, 76.5% were aware of antibiotic resistance, but only 24.2% correctly identified its causes. Attitude assessments showed that 50.8% never used antibiotics as a preventive measure, and 47.3% always followed medical prescriptions. Practices revealed that 50.5% rarely used antibiotics, and 68.8% obtained antibiotic prescriptions from doctors. Additionally, 68.9% stopped taking antibiotics only after completing the course. It is important to implement health education campaigns aimed at the public, emphasize the role of health care providers in health education for the general public, and enforce stringent regulations to control the non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics. However, further studies are needed on this subject in the future.

Intervention of muscle-building and antifrailty exercise combined with Baduanjin for frailty of different functional levels: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionFrailty has been currently considered as a multidimensional concept, including physical, cognitive and social frailty. Frailty has also been associated with a range of adverse events, which might increase the...

Pendidikan Kesehatan Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue Pada Mahasiswa Prodi MIK Stikes Santa Elisabeth Medan

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a disease caused by the Dengue virus which is classified as an Arthropod-borne Virus, the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquito vectors from the Aedes genus, one of which is Aedes Aegypti or Aedes Albopictus. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever can appear at any time of the year and can attack all age groups. This disease is closely related to environmental conditions and community behavior, therefore preventive measures must be taken by every community. It is very important to prevent dengue fever in all levels of society to avoid dengue fever. The targets of community service activities are students of the Health Information Management Study Program. Interview results: Some MIK Study Program students still do not understand the precautions that must be taken to avoid contracting dengue fever and therefore are at risk of contracting dengue fever. Paying attention to the results of the survey that has been carried out, efforts that can be made to increase knowledge in preventing dengue fever are through health education efforts. The aim of Health Education is to increase students' knowledge about dengue prevention. The method used to achieve the goal is to carry out health education about dengue prevention. The results of health education activities show that there is a difference in the average knowledge scores before and after implementing health education. The conclusion from community service is that there has been an increase in knowledge about dengue prevention.

Parents' Awareness, Knowledge, and Perception of Amblyopia in Children: A Study in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Amblyopia is a vision disorder that results from a development problem in the brain rather than a neurological disease in the eye. The condition causes reduced visual acuity in one or both eyes due to the brain's inability to process inputs, rather than a structural abnormality. This study aims to assess parents' awareness, knowledge, and perception of amblyopia in their children in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used an electronic questionnaire consisting of five main sections to assess the level of awareness of amblyopia among parents in the Jazan region. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.25, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was utilized to input the data. The degree to which participants' level of awareness was related to variables such as age, gender, and educational level was assessed through the chi-square test (χ2), and any values that scored p-values under 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results The analysis included 572 participants, 395 mothers (69.0%) and 177 fathers (31.0%). The age groups of the participants were divided into 36-45 years (38.0%), 26-35 years (36.0%), and above 46 years (17.0%). Out of the total, 36 participants (6.0%) had a history of amblyopia, and 73 (13.0%) had a child who suffered from amblyopia. The findings showed that only 18 participants (3.1%) had a good awareness of amblyopia, while 242 (42.3%) had a fair level of awareness. Most participants, 312 (54.5%), were classified as having a poor awareness level of amblyopia.Parents with postgraduate degrees, those with prior awareness, and parents whose children had eye diseases demonstrated higher levels of good awareness. However, gender, age, and residency did not have significant associations with awareness levels. Conclusion While parents must be involved in managing amblyopia, our research found that more than half of the parents surveyed had a limited understanding of various aspects of the disease, which can cause permanent damage to their child's vision. Therefore, we recommend implementing health education programs to increase awareness and knowledge about amblyopia in Jazan.

Effects of health education during public health emergencies on the health literacy, emotion and coping style of Chinese junior middle school students: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSchools are high incidence places for public health emergencies. Good health literacy helps students cope with public health emergencies. Overall, the health literacy of young students is relatively low. Health education can promote health literacy, but the health education related to public health emergencies for Chinese junior middle school students needs to be improved. To design and implement health education courses related to public health emergencies for junior middle school students and examine the impact on their health literacy, emotions, and coping styles.MethodsFrom March to December 2022, 724 students in Grade 7 and Grade 8 of two junior middle schools in Changzhou were randomly divided into a course group (n = 359) and a control group (n = 365). The course group received an age-appropriate health education course that addressed public health emergencies; there were 12 classes, one per week. The control group received general health education. One week before and after the courses, the two groups of students were assessed with the Adolescent Health Literacy Evaluation Scale under Public Health Emergencies (AHLES-PHE), the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).ResultsAfter the courses were completed, the scores of AHLES-PHE [156.0 (45.0,180.0) vs. 165.0 (54.0,180.0), P < 0. 05] in the course group increased significantly. The positive rate of DSRSC [81 (22.6%) vs. 57 (15.9%), P < 0.05] and GAD-7 [45 (12.5%) vs. 29 (8.1), P < 0.05]in the course group were significantly lower than those before courses. There was no significant difference in the above indices before and after courses in the control group (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis suggests that the health education courses related to public health emergencies designed in this study has an effect on improving health literacy, depression and anxiety in junior middle school students.