Implementation Of Forest Management Research Articles

Spatial-temporal variation of the carbon sequestration rate of afforestation in China: Implications for carbon trade and planning

Afforestation and reforestation (A&R) are nature-based and cost-effective solutions for enhancing terrestrial carbon sinks and facilitating faster carbon neutrality. However, the lack of hierarchical spatial-temporal maps for the carbon sequestration rate (CSR) from A&R at the national scale impedes the scientific implementation of forest management planning to a large extent. Here, we assessed the spatial-temporal CSR per area for A&R at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels in China using a forest carbon sequestration model under three climate scenarios. Results showed that the CSR of vegetation (CSRVeg), soil (CSRSoil), and the ecosystem (CSREco) significantly varied across space and time. In China, the CSRVeg, CSRSoil, and CSREco were primarily regulated by the spatial variations in temperature and precipitation. Additionally, CSRVeg was found to be positively influenced by precipitation and temperature, whereas temperature had a negative influence on CSRSoil. Therefore, the differences between the CSRVeg and CSRSoil should be emphasized in the future. These information on the spatiotemporal variation of CSR of A&R (vegetation, soil, and ecosystem) on unit area basis and at levels of province, prefecture, and county in China, can be used as a comparable protocol to estimate the carbon sinks of A&R at different scales. Overall, these hierarchical spatiotemporal maps for CSR on A&R may help to identify priority areas of forest management planning and carbon trade policy to achieve faster carbon neutrality for China in the future.

Production of compost from logging residues

The implementation of forest management generates logging residue which can be used in several ways. One of the option is to use of logging residue in the composting process. Therefore, this study determined the possibility of producing compost based on logging residue and the produced fertilizer used to fertilize forest nurseries. Pine chips and sewage sludge were used for carrying out the study. The compost, as well as the leachate produced during composting, were characterized by high NPK content. The leachate collected at the end of the experiment was characterized by nitrogen content of approximately 6500 mg‧dm−3, phosphorus of approximately 450 mg‧dm−3, and potassium of approximately 500–700 mg‧dm−3. In contrast, the compost produced contained approximately 0.57 g‧kg−1 nitrogen, approximately 0.39 g‧kg−1 phosphorus, and approximately 0.24 g‧kg−1 potassium. The disadvantage in terms of the usefulness of the resulting fertilizer in forest nurseries is its pH, which exceeded 9.0.

Implications of North Korean Forest Policy and “Golden Mountain Strategy”

This study analyzes the implications of forest management and golden walks, which are forest policies that have stood out in North Korea since Chairman Kim Jong‐un took power. North Korea strategically uses the term golden mountain to mean “forest restoration that contributes to economic development and improvement of the living standards of its people.” This study emphasizes that the concept of forest use has changed with the introduction and implementation of forest management in North Korea. This study presupposes that since 2019, the Golden Mountain Strategy has evolved into a concept that encompasses not only economic development and improvement of the national standard of living but also forest restoration, that is, protection of the ecological environment. In addition, this strategy is not limited to forest use policies but also encompasses aspects of national development. It combines “sustainable development” with strategies to protect the ecological environment, develop local economies, and strengthen national status.

The Performance Measurement Instrument of Forest Management Units in KPHP Unit XVI Jeneberang I Work Area, South Sulawesi: A Case Study in Indonesia

Performance indicators are quantitative and/or qualitative measures that describe the level of achievement of a predetermined target or goal. Measurement of the level of achievement or performance measurement of FMU management aims to see how far the implementation of forest management is at the stall level. In measuring the performance of the FMU, an instrument is needed as a tool to evaluate the level of achievement of forest management carried out by the FMU. This research was conducted to formulate an instrument that can be used in measuring the performance level of FMU, especially in KPHP Unit XVI Jeneberang I. The results showed that there were 3 categories of performance measurement, namely input performance, process performance, and output performance. Overall, there are 27 KPIs with 6 KPIs for input performance, 11 KPIs for process performance and 10 KPIs for output performance.

Performance Assessment Analysis of Forest Management Unit of Region I Stabat. North Sumatera Province

The Forest Management Unit (FMU/KPH) Region I Stabat, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province has an important role in realizing success and forest management at the site level. The description of the performance of FMU development is required by policy makers as part of the policy evaluation. In the evaluation of the policy, an assessment of the substance, implementation, and impact of the policy can be carried out. Policy evaluation is functional, with the intention of providing input for process improvement and continuous improvement of performance measures. However, there are still problems in the field that must be addressed immediately so that forest resource management can run well, such as the unfinished process of boundary demarcation reconstruction, regional stability, investment mechanisms and so on. The purpose of this research is to assess the performance of the successful level of forest management implementation at the site level. The method used in the assessment is the analysis of the components of the criteria and indicators developed by Forest Watch Indonesia (FWI) Version 2.0, document verification, and in-depth interviews. The results of the assessment show that the FMU Region I Stabat has a fairly good performance in carrying out forest management in accordance with its function as a forest resource manager at the site level. Several criteria need to be strengthened so that these criteria can run well. These criteria include regional stability and investment mechanisms.

Do Review Papers on Bird–Vegetation Relationships Provide Actionable Information to Forest Managers in the Eastern United States?

Forest management planning requires the specification of measurable objectives as desired future conditions at spatial extents ranging from stands to landscapes and temporal extents ranging from a single growing season to several centuries. Effective implementation of forest management requires understanding current conditions and constraints well enough to apply the appropriate silvicultural strategies to produce desired future conditions, often for multiple objectives, at varying spatial and temporal extents. We administered an online survey to forest managers in the eastern US to better understand how wildlife scientists could best provide information to help meet wildlife-related habitat objectives. We then examined more than 1000 review papers on bird–vegetation relationships in the eastern US compiled during a systematic review of the primary literature to see how well this evidence-base meets the information needs of forest managers. We identified two main areas where wildlife scientists could increase the relevance and applicability of their research. First, forest managers want descriptions of wildlife species–vegetation relationships using the operational metrics of forest management (forest type, tree species composition, basal area, tree density, stocking rates, etc.) summarized at the operational spatial units of forest management (stands, compartments, and forests). Second, forest managers want information about how to provide wildlife habitats for many different species with varied habitat needs across temporal extents related to the ecological processes of succession after harvest or natural disturbance (1–2 decades) or even longer periods of stand development. We provide examples of review papers that meet these information needs of forest managers and topic-specific bibliographies of additional review papers that may contain actionable information for foresters who wish to meet wildlife management objectives. We suggest that wildlife scientists become more familiar with the extensive grey literature on forest bird–vegetation relationships and forest management that is available in natural resource management agency reports. We also suggest that wildlife scientists could reconsider everything from the questions they ask, the metrics they report on, and the way they allocate samples in time and space, to provide more relevant and actionable information to forest managers.

Indigenous Forest Knowledge (IFK) and Nature Reserve Workers’ Perceptions of IFK: A Case Study of Leigongshan National Nature Reserve, China

ABSTRACT Indigenous forest knowledge (IFK) plays an important role in the sustainable utilization and protection of forest resources as it affects the implementation of forest management. The Leigongshan National Nature Reserve (LNNR) is located in the southeastern region of Guizhou Province, China. The Reserve plays an important role in regional ecological protection. The Miao people who have lived in Leigongshan for generations have managed the forest resources in this area for more than 1000 years and developed a unique body of forest knowledge. Thus, the study of IFK in the LNNR can be used as a starting point to improve the regional development and management of forest resources. In this study, we investigated IFK in the LNNR by interviewing 315 Miao people across 26 Miao villages. A questionnaire survey of 66 nature reserve workers (NRWs) (excluding nongovernmental employees) in the LNNR was used to record their perceptions of Miao IFK (MIFK), and the factors contributing to these perceptions were analyzed. The results show the following. First, MIFK includes mainly three layers (material culture, spiritual culture, system culture) and 11 types (such as logging and agroforestry patterns). It has distinct ecological protection characteristics and a simple sustainable development concept. With the development and transformation of the economy and society, the material culture and spiritual culture layers of MIFK have tended to decline, while the system culture layers present the characteristics of an initial decline and rapid recovery. Second, most of the NRWs have a positive attitude toward MIFK. They believe that MIFK has a positive effect on the management of forest resources in the reserve, especially the customary laws at the village level. This attitude is closely related to the implementation of an “ecological forest ranger project” and a “community comanagement model” in the LNNR. Third, logistic regression analysis revealed that the major factors influencing NRWs’ perceptions were the level of awareness of forest knowledge, participation in activities, and education of the interviewees. Finally, in forestry management, forest workers should fully respect the value of IFK, and forest workers’ knowledge of IFK should be continuously improved through various measures to ensure the effectiveness of forest management and sustainable development.

Лесной департамент как государственно-правовой институт Российской Империи: становление и развитие

The article highlights the formation and improvement of Russian forest management during the XVIII–XIX centuries. The birth, functioning and main stages of the state legal institute of the Russian Empire-the Forest Department. The contribution of the leaders of the empire to the improvement of forest legislation, the development and improvement of forest state policy is noted, the activities for the conservation, protection and restoration of forests of the Russian Empire are considered. The main legislative initiatives and changes in the forest industry, improvement in the management structure of the Forest Department are monitored. The imperial decrees and resolutions of a forest nature, on the creation of a forest management system, the organization of the forest guard, the recruitment of the forest department are considered, the emperor’s desire to ensure the integrity of forests is emphasized. The main stages of the forest department’s activity are analyzed, highlighting special achievements in the field of forest legislation and state measures for the implementation of forest management and forest protection works

The relationships between forestry sector standardization, market evolution and sustainability approaches in the communist and post-communist economies: the case of Romania

This paper analyses how forestry standardization process interrelates with the national and sectoral economic characteristics and the evolution of sustainable forest management implementation in communist and post-communist Romania. The study used the database of Romanian Standardization Association for selecting forestry specific standards, which have been issued since 1949. The selected standards were grouped according to their scope, issuing period and international recognition, and the obtained distributions were analysed in the context of sectoral economic evolution. In the communist period, the long-term sectoral strategy, which was centred on sustainable forest management, added value products and export was accompanied by a sustained effort in standardizing the design and quality of forest products, as well as the needed processes. Based on standardization, the efficient and integrated forest industry acted in the framework of a prescriptively regulated sustainable forest management. Mandatory national standards from the communist period have been mostly replaced by post-communist consensual international standards. The opportunities of a market economy and EU trade supported a private forest industry that is increasingly efficient, productive and innovative. However, considering the high forestry sector environmental and social sustainability requirements, the state authorities must carefully address their mission of balancing different interests, for which standardization may provide very useful tools.

Toward improved impact evaluation of community forest management in Indonesia

AbstractMany tropical countries continue to devolve forest management to forest‐dwelling communities. The assumption is that local knowledge of forests and community engagement in forest management will attain multiple social and environmental co‐benefits, such as poverty alleviation and reduced deforestation and fires. Evidence for this, however, is scant, commonly hampered by data availability and a lack of technical capacity for implementing statistically robust impact evaluations. Based on a practice‐based review of policy implementation, impact evaluation of case studies and examples of counterfactual analyses from Indonesia, we demonstrate that it is increasingly feasible to determine the conditions under which community forest management will most likely achieve its social and environmental objectives. Adapting community forest management implementation based on feedback from accurate impact evaluation could lead to positive outcomes for people and environment in Indonesia, and across the tropical realm.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВЕДЕНИЯ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА В ЛЕСАХ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ЦЕЛЕВОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

Legal and technical documents on the implementation of forest management in the Russian Forest Fund have been analysed. It is established that the current regulatory technical documents do not provide practical forestry, management on a zonal (subzonal) typologic basis. Selected forest areas often combine completely different forest conditions to the areas of forest fund which does not contribute to the forest management optimisation. There are a lot of contradictions and recommendation in the normative and technical documents as concerns mature and over mate stands felling, sanitary felling, improvement felling, forest restoration and forest growing that are not substantiated on factual material. That has resulted in conflicts between forest users and control authorities, reduced efficiency of forestry activities and unjustified financial costs. Elaboration of normative and technical documents is required to improve forest management in protective forests, taking into account their intended purpose. The current recommendation does not take into account the latter and only regulate the relative completeness and composition of stands. Reforestation and afforestation are noteworthy in particular. The requirements for the transition to use when creating forest crops only planting material with a closed root system cannot be considered correct for all regions of the country. Also, specifications on the density of the forest crops created require clarifications as well as correlation artificial and natural reforestation. Relevant is the development of tables of trees attrition having in view the operational appointment of sanitary felling. We believe that improving the regulatory framework for forestry in the forest for various purposes will contribute to increasing their productivity and sustainability.

Custo da legalidade na extração madeireira no estado de Mato Grosso: implantação de manejos florestais

Os manejos florestais constituem-se como uma alternativa de extração florestal sustentável. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar uma análise financeira para a implantação de um manejo florestal no Estado de Mato Grosso. Metodologicamente foram utilizadas ferramentas financeiras, tais como: VPL (Valor Presente Líquido), TIR (Taxa Interna de Retorno), PAYBACK, além de um levantamento de custos (fixos e variáveis). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo e uma revisão bibliográfica, ambas desenvolvidas criteriosamente, envolvendo custos relativos à implantação de manejos florestais. Os resultados demonstram que os custos de implantação de um manejo florestal com área de 917,88 hectares em Mato Grosso representam 6,95% do total das receitas obtidas com a comercialização da madeira extraída, sendo que os custos estão estimados em R$ 1.257.974,47 e as receitas em R$ 18.091.564,41. Ao longo de 30 anos de UPA (Unidade de produção anual) 100%, em que o valor anual foi de R$ 603.052,15, tornando-se necessário um pouco mais de 2 dois anos para as receitas igualarem-se aos custos de implantação demonstrando que o manejo florestal é uma alternativa rentável e ao mesmo tempo que contribui para a redução dos índices de desmatamento e de extração ilegal. Os resultados dos indicadores financeiros demonstraram que a TIR foi de 48%, esta taxa é considerada elevada segundo a literatura econômica. Em relação ao VPL, levando em conta os fluxos de caixa em uma taxa de 10%, resultou em um valor de R$ 4.392.413,52, sendo este considerado positivo ao investimento.

User’s opinion in scientific forest management implementation in Nepal – a case study from Nawalparasi district

While much emphasis has been placed on scientific and policy issues in forest management, there is a lack of clarity on users’ perspectives concerning the implementation of scientific forest manage...

Heterogeneity and Collective Action: Community Integration Appraisal for REDD+ Forest Management Implementation

This study employs in-depth qualitative and quantitative research methods including survey and other ethnographic methods, concept mapping and informal qualitative observations to investigate community interaction in the village of Fabe near the Korup National Park in Cameroon, in relation to the reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) program. It is argued that community integration is a function of three structures: geographical, social and hierarchical. In order to establish hierarchy, the authors applied differentiation along three categorical variables, age (young vs. old), gender (male vs. female) and place of origin (locals vs. non-locals). It was found that diversity exists within the sample in terms of education, age, gender, occupation, religion, land tenure and place of origin. Youth had greater levels of education compared to older population members, and women had lower education levels than men. Integration may be affected by group membership, but women and strangers were less involved in decision-making. Strangers had additional barriers to accessing institutional processes, as well as forestlands and their resources. However, because integration does not vary between demographic groups, there is potential for individuals to generalize their interests as being synonymous with those of others in the community, which could aid in improving collective action, especially through educating community members about risks, opportunities, and their rights in relation to the REDD+ program if it becomes operational.

Analyzing the recent dynamics of wildland fires in Quercus suber L. woodlands in Sardinia (Italy), Corsica (France) and Catalonia (Spain)

Wildland fires represent a major threat to Quercus suber L. ecosystems, which provide relevant socioeconomic and ecological services in the Mediterranean Basin. In this work, we analyzed recent wildland fire dynamics in cork oak woodlands along the fire-prone areas of Sardinia (Italy), Corsica (France) and Catalonia (Spain). We first characterized geographic extent and main characteristics of cork oak woodlands in these regions and analyzed how environmental (climate and elevation) and socioeconomic factors (population and land uses) vary in the areas covered by Quercus suber L. We then evaluated how wildfires affected cork oak stands and, by logistic regression analysis, to what extent wildfires in cork oak areas were related to the above set of environmental and anthropic explanatory variables. Results revealed specific variations across study areas in cork oak characteristics as well as in environmental and social factors. We highlighted the spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires on cork oak woodlands, in terms of extent, seasonality, frequency and main driving factors. In the period 2003–2015, the percentage of cork oak woodlands burned ranged from 3.42% in Corsica to 11.30% in Sardinia. A few large and severe wildfires accounted for most of the area burned in cork oak woodlands. The most significant predictive variable that explained the spatial variation in wildland fire ignitions inside or nearby cork oaks was summer precipitation, while the weight of other factors varied depending on the region. This study provides evidence on recent fire dynamics in cork oak woodlands and gives valuable information and insights for the implementation of forest management and planning strategies in the Mediterranean area.

Institutional bricolage of Sustainable Forest Management implementation in rural settlements in Caatinga biome, Brazil

Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) implementation strategies articulate different aims, goals, and interests across different scales of governance and social-ecological contexts. When SFM is implemented in common pool or public forests, governmental initiatives play a central role in defining formal institutions that will interact with the local social-ecological context. At the same time, local actors’ practices on governing common pools forests are also a key-factor in SFM implementation. This paper analyses, through a critical institutionalism lens, how interactions between a new set of formal institutions with pre-existing local institutions result in (un) expected governance outcomes when implementing SFM on the ground. Using the Caatinga biome in Northeast Brazil as a case study, it shows how local actors (bricoleurs) perform institutional bricolage processes by rejecting, adapting, or integrating institutions linked to SFM implementation strategies to their social-ecological contexts. The paper is based on a qualitative data analysis from twenty interviews with local and governmental actors, and nine site visits to rural settlements and industries. The analysis leads us to conclude that formal SFM institutions in Caatinga do not dialogue with all the different roles that forests resources have in the livelihood of local actors, but rather have a dominant focus on the production of forest biomass for energy supply. Moreover, we found that the success of SFM implementation is highly dependent on the interactions amongst local actors within the social-ecological context. Accordingly, positive results are only achieved when these interactions help to face challenges, specifically those linked to bureaucracy and to technical capacity.

O MANEJO FLORESTAL COMUNITÁRIO DA CAATINGA EM ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os resultados do manejo florestal comunitário da Caatinga. Foram entrevistados 51 agricultores em três projetos de assentamentos no estado da Paraíba. Os resultados indicam que há carência de atividades produtivas nos assentamentos e que os agricultores dependem de recursos de programas sociais, aposentadorias e do trabalho fora do assentamento, para comporem a renda familiar. O manejo demonstrou ser uma atividade geradora de trabalho e renda para os assentados. Os valores anuais recebidos pelas famílias variaram de R$ 500,00 a 12.150,00 em função do estoque madeireiro e da organização para exploração. As principais dificuldades enfrentadas foram a falta de compradores e o baixo preço da lenha, resultantes do alto nível de informalidade existente entre os consumidores. Os resultados indicam que a implantação do manejo garante a manutenção da cobertura florestal em 63% da área dos assentamentos e que, a ampliação da fiscalização ambiental e a redução da burocracia para licenciamento podem estimular a prática do manejo florestal comunitário.

Realizacja zrównoważonej gospodarki leśnej w wymiarze lokalnym, regionalnym i globalnym – wybrane aspekty prawne

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether and if so, how the legislator shapes the harvesting of timber in a manner consistent with the objectives of sustainable forest management. The implementation of forest management is strongly influenced by global conditions. At the regional level, the legislator has defined “measures” implemented to counteract the marketing of illegally harvested timber. They are known as the EU’s “due diligence system” used in the timber supply chain “from forest to final purchaser.” At the local level, the instruments to achieve this objective of sustainable forest management include control, supervision and sanctions for breaches of Regulations 995/2010 and 2173/2005, while in practice, it is global market practices and related global conformity assessment systems relating to national forestry legislation that ultimately determine how the principles of the due diligence system will be implemented.

Unsustainability Risk Causality in a Private Industrial Forest: An Institutional Analysis of Factors Affecting Stand Ecosystem Services in Kochi Prefecture, Japan

Much research in recent years has analyzed the ecosystem service aspect of forests, while highlighting the need for sustainable forests. Forest management mechanisms at an inter-institutional level in Japan have been identified to hinder the implementation of forest management that is focused on the equal production of ecosystem services. This study presents an institutional analysis of unsustainability risk causality in a private industrial forest in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, from an ecosystem perspective incorporating common ecosystem service hazards that affect the sustainability functions of forests. This was performed with the aim to offer a basis for a less complicated analysis of ecosystem service hazards in industrial forests and to provide causal clarity at different institution levels. It was found that due to Japan’s systematic top-down forest management approach with the law at the top, vertical relationships cause direct and indirect negative horizontal relationships at each institutional level. To mitigate vertical and horizontal effects, institutional adaptions must be performed to address a combination of satisfier and hygiene factors. Under current conditions of non-enforceable forest policy, objectives and decisions regarding policy and management instruments at the national level must be integrated. This requires effective and adaptive multi-level institutional governance.

Правовые проблемы реализации прав на лесные участки

Presented article is the result of study of the issues of legal regulation of forest exploitation in the Russian Federation made by the author. The work substantiates the position according to which the use of forests is a form of realization of the subjective rights of forest management. Forests are the main natural resources of Russia and of the world. Despite the fact that the forests are renewable natural resource, their protection from damage and destruction during use is one of the most important tasks of the forest law. The author concludes that taking into account features of object of legal regulation, in the process of implementation of right for the forest management responsibilities of the right holder are essential. The article also examines the main types of forest use envisaged by the forest legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as legal problems arising in the implementation of forest management by different actors of economic and other activities. The author analyzes a number of subordinate normative legal acts and court decisions to identify legal uncertainties and gaps in the forestry law.