Implementation Of Environmental Protection Research Articles

Legal safeguards for nature conservation and environmental preservation

The current situation with the surrounding natural environment has reached a critical point, making nature conservation questions highly relevant today. The research aims to examine the key legislative provisions regarding the protection of nature and the environment. The study utilizes methods of analysis, synthesis, scientific generalization, and formal-structural methods. The publication addresses the correlation between ecological and nature-resource law. It is stated that legal protection of nature and the environment in Ukraine operates on three levels: constitutional, legislative, and at the level of sub-legal normative legal acts. The content of the Law of Ukraine, "On the Protection of the Environment," has been analyzed. This approach allowed for the classification of the provisions of the law into two major groups: functionally competent and those intended to ensure the general mechanism of environmental protection implementation. The appropriateness of using the term "environment" rather than "natural environment" at the level of Chapter VIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is considered. After reviewing the content of Chapter VIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the authors conclude that most criminal offenses in this Chapter are characterized by the material composition of a crime. Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was chosen as an example of analysis. The article discusses the elements of the criminal offense prescribed by Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the sanctions provided by the legislator for this type of criminal offense. Recommendations were developed to allow courts to impose penalties for violations more substantively under Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The authors described the qualified composition of the criminal offense prescribed by Part 2 of Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The paper investigates the place of ecocide in the system of criminal offenses against peace, the security of humanity, and international law. It examines the name of the special section of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, noting its somewhat unconventional nature.

POLITICAL SHIFT LAW SETTLEMENT OF FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (FABA) COAL BASED ON ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE

Purpose: This research aims to gain a comprehension understading on the factors causing the shift in political law regulation of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) coal waste from hazardous and toxic waste (B3) to non-B3 status and provide a solution to the regulatory model for coal FABA based on ecological justice. Theoretical framework: This study also anchors from environmental justice theories known as “political ecology” from the perspective of “procedural justice” and “distributive justice”. Method: This qualitative research was approached as socio-legal research specifications. Miles et al.’s (2014) qualitative data analysis process was employed to analyze the data. Result and conclusion: The research results show that the political shift in the legal regulation of FABA should be based on ecological justice. The causal factor, the formation of law, is influenced by political and economic factors. While economic factors remain the dominant basis in establishing Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, the environment should also be the consideration. Most of the construction of the regulation has not been based on the precautionary principle, non-regression, ecological justice, Pancasila justice, certainty, benefit, legal morality, and international agreements. Practical implication: This study contributes that the implementation of environmental protection and management needs to be reconstructed based on provisions, principles, and principles in forming arrangements such as the precautionary principle, the precautionary principle, the non-regression principle, the ecological justice principle, national justice [Pancasila], certainty, expediency, legal morality, and international agreements, to produce regulations in the environmental sector based on ecological justice.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri T & B) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR FECAL COLIFORM AIR SUNGAI

Martapura river water is included in categories that have a fairly high bacterial content, which is 21,333 colonies/100 ml. The optimal value of water quality standards to be met with water treatment businesses is the use of ironwood sawdust waste. Bacteria in water attach most of their lives to suspension particles, so microscopic organisms are also separated or filtered. The purpose of this study was to analyze fecal coliform in river water and analyze the volume of ironwood sawdust to reduce fecal coliform levels in river water. Martapura river water contains the highest fecal 1,800MPN/100ml and the lowest 1,600MPN/100 ml, according to the Minister of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 concerning the implementation of environmental protection and management related to standards, including category two which is used as water tourism facilities/infrastructure, freshwater fish farming, animal husbandry, plant irrigation and other activities requiring the same water quality and use. Ironwood sawdust as much as 25% or 90 grams proved most effective to be used to reduce fecal levels with an average value on the first day of 1,650 MPN/100ml and on the third day with treatment carried out up to indigo 350 MPN/100ml, so that the difference reached a value of 1,300 MPN/100ml.

Analisis Kualitas Air Kali Surabaya terhadap Kandungan Logam Berat sebagai Air Baku PDAM Surabaya

Domestic and industrial waste has been identified as containing many heavy metals as indicators in water bodies. The research aims to analyze the heavy metal quality of Surabaya river water and predict its quality as sustainable raw water. This research was located in the Surabaya River in the Karangpilang IPAM intake segment. The research method uses a forecasting approach based on primary data using a purposive sampling method and laboratory tests. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations of Cr = <0.0117, Cu = <0.0090 and Pb = 0.001-0.010 did not exceed the quality standards based on class I classification of PP No. 22 of 2021 concerning Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. The concentrations of heavy metals Cr and Cu are still lower than the detection limit of the test equipment, so forecasting is only carried out on the heavy metal Pb. The simulation results for the next 10 years still get results that meet the quality standards, but when compared with the actual ones with MAPE validation, there are several values that exceed the standards with very bad forecasting levels.

International legal cases enhancing the scope of environmental protection

International jurisprudence has a crucial role in the development of international environmental law. There is a close relationship between legal cases and environmental protection in international environmental law. Legal cases address contemporary problems and include new legal principles and rules of international law that can develop the scope (principles, structures and implementation) of environmental protection. In this perspective, judgments, advisory opinions and decisions of the international courts and tribunals, especially the International Court of Justice, have shown that State sovereignty has always been a limitation of the global expansion of environmental protection scope. Moving from absolute State sovereignty to the rule-based equitable and reasonable use of land could be an excellent opportunity to develop this legal field. Environmental protection emerged in the Trail Smelter case of 1941 as an earlier environmental dispute which resulted in the development of the environmental protection concept in other legal cases. Based on selected cases in international environmental law, the research attempts to analyze three stages of the emergence, enhancement and evolution of the environmental protection principle.

Protection of Human Rights Against the Environment in the Indonesian Legal System

Purpose: This research examines the relationship between human rights and environmental protection in the context of Indonesia's legal system. Theoretical Reference: It refers to Indonesia's legal system and the 1945 Constitution to understand the regulation and implementation of human rights and environmental protection. Method: The study employs the normative law method with philosophical and analytical approaches. Results and Conclusion: Indonesia's constitution guarantees the right of every individual to a good and healthy environment; the enforcement and safety of these rights often face various challenges. The challenges include the imbalance between economic goals and environmental protection, weak law enforcement, and a need for more understanding of Human Rights and public participation in environmental issues. Implications of Research: Through a deeper understanding of the relationship between human rights and environmental protection, it is expected that Indonesia's legal system can be more effective in ensuring a sustainable and habitable environment for all its citizens. Originality/Value: This article suggests the importance of enhancing the integration of human rights and environmental protection within the framework of the Constitution and daily practices.Additionally, increasing awareness and compliance among all parties with existing regulations is highly necessary. Hopefully, these efforts will support achieving sustainable development goals in Indonesia, which encompass human rights and a healthy environment.

Concept of environmental compliance in the transition to the green economy and ways of its development

Currently, green economy and green energy are world trends. The world's transition to a green economy cannot be ignored. Organizations that fail to adapt to these conditions face financial losses. That is why environmental compliance should be given special attention, as the risks associated with environmental legislation can be very dangerous for business. During the transition to the green economy, preserving the environment allows enterprises to adapt to new market conditions. Compliance with environmental norms, laws and regulations allows to achieve a positive result in the way of increasing the investment attractiveness of business. Currently, it also affects the status of enterprises among the population. In order to organize a comprehensive environmental audit in general enterprises, an integrated system of environmental compliance is needed and it is necessary to introduce environmental compliance into the management of the enterprise by creating synergy with the audit, which should be implemented as a process accompanying the environmental audit. It helps to timely identify and prevent weaknesses of the company in the field of environmental protection and identifies environmental risks aimed at avoiding losses during the implementation of environmental protection. This, in turn, is the way to improve the environmental situation at the level of the republic, when enterprises and businesses obey environmental legislation and implement it on their part. espite the lack of clear advantages, companies should protect the environment because it ensures that legally sound decisions are made with a view to the future. Environmental compliance is a system tool that complements management and helps to pass environmental audits at an appropriate level in environmental management.

Aplikasi Beads Komposit Chitosan – Clay Sebagai Adsorben dalam Penyerapan Ion Klorida (Cl-) Pada Air Payau

Water resources found in coastal areas and islands in terms of water quality are still relatively low, so treatment is necessary. Chitosan and clay are adsorbents that can be applied in various techniques to overcome environmental pollution. Chitosan is a natural adsorbent that has a high adsorption capacity but has low mechanical stability and is easily dissolved in an acidic medium. Clay is an adsorbent with a large specific surface area and has high mechanical stability. This research uses chitosan – clay beads, which aim to increase mechanical stability environmental resistance, and efficiency in brackish water treatment. It is located in Bandar Sungai Village, Sabak Auh District, Siak Regency. The research was conducted by varying the concentration of chitosan–clay beads (1:0), (1:0,25), (1:0,5), and (1:0,75) (w/w) to decrease the chloride ion (Cl-) in brackish water. The characterization of chitosan-clay beads with the water absorption test obtained the best results at the concentration variation (1:0), which was equal to 694,079%. The mechanical strength test obtained the best results at the concentration variation (1:0,75), which was 6,23 kgf. The characterization of chitosan-clay beads using SEM showed that the beads had larger pores. The results obtained show the best chloride ion removal efficiency (Cl-) of 90,828% with a final concentration of 113 mg/L at a concentration of chitosan – clay beads of (1:0.5) with a sampling time of 30 minutes. The research results have met the quality standards set by the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management.

Environmental conflicts in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the field of energy, economic and environmental security

The subject of the article is the provisions of strategic planning documents in the field of ensuring national, environmental, energy and economic security, as well as the provisions of strategic planning documents dedicated to the Russian Arctic. The purpose of the work is to study the above-mentioned documents, identify environmental conflicts consisting in their provisions and develop proposals for their resolution and prevention. The methodological basis of the study is based on the system of methods, means of cognition and logical techniques, in the process of work general scientific, private and special methods were used. Such as synthesis, analysis, deduction, analogy, induction, formal legal and others. The relevance of the research topic is indicated by the fact that the Arctic plays an important role in ensuring Russia's strategic national interests in such areas as the economy, transport, environmental protection, defense, and a number of others. Many aspects of Russia's national security depend on the state of the environment of the Russian Arctic, as well as on the implementation of economic activities on its territory, therefore, the resolution and prevention of environmental conflicts concerning this region is an important and urgent task, since without a balance of interests in this area, both the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic and preservation of its unique natural environment seems unlikely. The paper concludes that in order to resolve the main law-making environmental conflict that takes place in the strategic documents under consideration, it is necessary to exclude from the list of threats (challenges) to economic and energy security such a factor as redundancy of requirements in the field of environmental safety and the increase in the costs of their implementation. In turn, in order to ensure a balance of interests in the implementation of nature management and environmental protection in the Russian Arctic, it is proposed to use the best available technologies, as well as the natural and ecological framework of the territory.

Konsultasi Publik Kegiatan Pengembangan Rumah Sakit

MM Hospital is one of the General Hospitals located on Jalan Sisingamangaraja, Harjosari I Village, Medan Amplas District, Medan City, North Sumatra Province. This hospital plans to develop its services in the health sector. Referring to Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4 of 2021 concerning List of Businesses and/or Activities Required to Have an Environmental Impact Analysis, Environmental Management Efforts and Environmental Monitoring Efforts or a Statement of Undertaking to Manage and Monitor the Environment Appendix I Letter F Health Sector No.12. and Annex II Letter A Multisector with criteria required to have AMDAL, UKL-UPL and SPPL, for building area ≥10,000 m2, AMDAL is required. So that development activities in health services by MM General Hospital, are required to prepare an Environmental Impact Analysis Document (AMDAL) Category C. Based on the results of the public consultation conducted on May 19, 2023, several important issues that became input in public consultation activities, among others, were grouped into the impact of increased vibration, the impact of liquid waste generation, the impact of increased employment and business opportunities, the impact of changes in community income and the impact of changes in community attitudes and perceptions.

Perlindungan Hukum Pemerintah Kabupaten Karawang Dalam Mengatasi Pelanggaran Atas Lingkungan Hidup Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Karawang Nomor 14 Tahun 2012

Karawang Regency, which is currently the largest industrial city in Indonesia, has the possibility of a large risk of environmental pollution or damage. This can happen because of business activities that are not in accordance with the company's operational standards and also the Laws and Regulations. For this reason, this writing discusses the role of the Karawang Regency Government in overcoming and preventing violations of environmental protection due to company activities. And the form of social responsibility of PT Pindo Deli Pulp and Paper Mills II based on Regional Regulation of Karawang Regency No. 14 of 2012. This article uses a normative juridical research method with a statue approach and a case approach, in which the data collection technique uses a literature study derived from primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of this study are that the Karawang Regency Government has the authority to supervise the implementation of environmental protection and management, which is based on Karawang Regency Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2012 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. In carrying out the supervision of environmental protection and management, the Government of Karawang Regency formed an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and also a Regional Environmental Monitoring Officer which was formed to facilitate the bureaucratic system in overseeing the implementation of environmental protection and management. And companies that violate the protection and management of the environment are absolutely responsible for the losses they cause.

Air Quality Study in Mijen District, Semarang City in 2022

The higher the air pollution in an area, the more it can have a negative impact on human health status if inhaled continuously, especially in the respiratory system. This study used secondary data obtained from the Environment and Forestry Service. The data was analyzed using a descriptive method by comparing data collected in the field with ambient air quality standards based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management to determine air quality conditions in Mijen District, Semarang City. The impact resulting from air pollution can interfere with the health of living things and damage the ecosystem environment. Human health will be disrupted due to polluted air, which can lead to diseases such as ARI, heart disease, and even lung cancer, which is very dangerous. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research on air quality to prevent air pollution that exceeds ambient air quality standards, which can cause health problems for the community in Mijen District. Based on research on the analysis of air quality parameter measurement results in Mijen District, Semarang City, it can be concluded that all air quality parameters do not exceed quality standards.

ALTERNATIF KEBIJAKAN UNTUK FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (STUDI KASUS: PP NO. 22 TAHUN 2021)

The need for electricity supply in Indonesia is increasing amid the availability of main raw materials which can be considered "insufficient". Departing from this, the government plans to increase power generation capacity which is then outlined in the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) since 2017. However, instead of using renewable energy, the power plant used is a power plant with coal as raw material. Even though the threat of climate change is increasingly real for the whole world. Indonesia's dependence on coal was increasingly felt when the Government issued PP No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management which is a derivative of Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. In this regulation, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) dust, which is the result of burning coal, is removed from the Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3). The purpose of this study is to provide alternative policies for policy makers by using descriptive qualitative methods in the review process. This study uses a qualitative method by utilizing secondary data with the results in the form of an explanation of alternative policies in overcoming the problem of coal policy which is summarized in PP no. 22 of 2021.

PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD MEDICAL WASTE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EXPECTATIONS AND CHALLENGES

The Covid-19 outbreak has had an impact on various sectors of life, including the environment. Medical waste in the community has increased in the new normal era of the Covid-19 pandemic, this can be seen from the existence of new adaptations in society, but in its application, household medical waste management is still an obstacle to this day. The approach method used is juridical-normative, with the type of dogmatic research, a form of perscriptive research on legal relations. The specification of this research is descriptive-analytical, the government continues to make various efforts in handling household medical waste. State responsibility as the basis for the implementation of environmental protection and management is carried out through the enforcement of environmental laws, namely administrative, civil and criminal law enforcement. Formulation of a new policy on the management of Infectious and Household Waste from Handling Covid 19.

Implementation of pollution source assessment and treatment strategy for plateau railway construction in China: an AHP-cloud model approach.

During the construction process of railways in the plateau region, various types of pollution sources can have serious or even irreversible impacts on the plateau ecology. To address pollution source treatment during the construction process, protect the ecological environment along the railway, and maintain the ecological balance, we collected geological and environmental data and analyzed the influencing factors of pollution sources. Taking sewage as the main research subject, we propose a new method based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-cloud model to classify the pollution source treatment level, establish an index system, and select the ecological environment level, sewage rate, and pollutant characteristics as the three main influencing factors. Finally, we divide the pollution source treatment level into I, II, and III, corresponding to V1 = {I-level} = {high impact}, V2 = {II-level} = {moderate impact}, and V3 = {III-level} = {low impact}. Based on the comprehensive factor weight analysis and the field engineering conditions of the studied railway in the western plateau of China, we classify the pollution source treatment level of six tunnels and propose treatment suggestions for each level. To advance the efficient implementation of environmental protection during the construction of the plateau railway, we propose three policy recommendations that can positively contribute to environmental protection and green development. This work provides theoretical and technical guidance for the treatment of pollution sources in the construction of the plateau railway, which also serves as a significant reference for other similar projects.

Partisipasi Publik dalam Penyusunan Dokumen Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang/Perppu Cipta Kerja

The Job Creation Law (which has been revoked by Government Regulation in lieu of Law (Perpu) Number 2 of 2022) is a government effort to overcome overlapping regulations to increase investment. This research raises two problem formulations: First, how does the Job Creation Law/Perpu regulate the principle of public participation, particularly in the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA/AMDAL) documents. Second, how does the Job Creation Law/Perpu regulate the role of environmental organizations and what is the urgency of the role of environmental organizations in preparing the AMDAL? This is a normative legal research using literature study methods, qualitative descriptive data analysis methods, as well as conceptual and statutory approaches. The results of the study concluded that, Article 26, Article 39 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), as well as Article 63 paragraph (1) in the Job Creation Law/Perpu reduce aspects of public participation which had previously been regulated quite well in Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (UU PPLH). The urgency of the role of environmental organizations in preparing the AMDAL is to provide advice and input for the implementation of environmental protection in business activities.

Implementation of Environmental Protection, Sustainable Production, and Labor Protection in Garment Industry Study: Bangladesh and Indonesia

Implementation of Environmental Protection, Sustainable Production, and Labor Protection in Garment Industry Study: Bangladesh and Indonesia

LEGAL POLITICS ON FLY ASH BOTTOM ASH WASTE CONVERSION INTO NON-B3 WASTE AFTER LAW NUMBER 11 OF 2020 CONCERNING JOB CREATION IN INDONESIA

Regarding the implementation of environmental protection and management, notably with regard to non-B3 trash, PP No. 22 of 2021 makes significant changes. Under appendix XIV of PP No. 22 for the year 2022, mining waste in the form of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) is no longer categorised as hazardous and toxic waste (B3). Although it is recorded with the waste codes N106 for fly ash and N107 for bottom ash, it is still categorised as non-B3 waste. In this case, the government has loosened the regulations by removing coal ash from the B3 waste list rather than strengthening control and levying fines on the management of coal ash from power plants, which would lower the risk of exposure. Many impacts result from the conversion of FABA waste to non-B3 trash. Before PP No. 22 of 2021, FABA was classified as B3 trash, which had stricter waste management standards and procedures. This makes one of them a corporate criminal liability. The government is blamed for not performing adequate oversight, applying the law correctly, and managing environmental contamination that has an impact on public health. As a result, to avoid FABA pollution from lowering environmental quality, current regulations must be reinforced and made more preventative, based on the precautionary principle.

Pollution Load Analysis of Wonokromo River with Program System Dynamics (STELLA)

Population growth, the increase in the industrial sector and the presence of waste from activities that haven’t been treated properly can make a water river being contaimined high pollutants. The pollutant parameters identified is Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and E.Coli. One of the polluted rivers is Wonokromo River which is located in Surabaya City, according from monitoring results Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BBWS) Brantas in 2021 the pollutant value in river with TSS is 484 mg/L, BOD is 15.96 mg/L, COD 23.91 mg/L, DO 3.67 mg/L, and E.coli 4.283 MPN/100 ml from the monitoring data included polluted category. Depectin model of water river conditions using the STELLA program. The results indicate that the water quality of the Wonokromo River is polluted with the parameters TSS, BOD and E. Coli, determination refers to Goverment Regulations number 22 in 2021 about “Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management” in clasification II for raw water. So Wonokromo River is not suitable as a source of raw water in that year and a policy scenario is needed to reduce water river pollution.

Human activities rather than climate dominated the grassland net primary production in the three basins of the Hexi Corridor, North‐Western China

AbstractActual net primary production (ANPP) is affected by both natural conditions and human activities in many areas, while the contributions of these factors to NPP remain unknown because it is difficult to isolate their effects. This knowledge gap hinders our implementation of environmental protection and restoration. In this study, we selected three basins of the Hexi Corridor, North‐western China, as the study area. Based on the monthly growth of grassland and field observations, we identified the undisturbed grids and then calculated the potential net primary productivity (PNPP) of these grids. Using the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford‐Approach (CASA) model, we calculated the ANPP in these areas. The influence of human activities on NPP (HNPP) was then calculated as the difference between ANPP and PNPP. The results showed that from 2001 to 2017, the mean grassland HNPP was −236.25 gC m−2 a−1. The area with a relative contribution index (RCI) of human activity greater than 0.5 accounted for more than 50% of the total, indicating that human activities were a dominant factor in the NPP change. After the implementation of ecological governance projects in the Hexi Corridor in 2006, HNPP exhibited a negative weakening rate of 2.79 gC m−2 a−1 (p < 0.05), and the RCI decreased from 0.708 at the beginning of the study period to 0.522 at the end (p < 0.01), indicating that reducing human interference with nature was an effective measure for ecological restoration. Based on these findings, we concluded that the changes in NPP in the three basins of the Hexi Corridor was dominated by human activities. Our results suggest that future studies pertaining to the response of NPP to climate change should consider the impact of human activities in semi‐arid regions.