Implementation Of Energy Efficiency Programs Research Articles

Климатическая политика Великобритании до референдума о Брекзите

The article is devoted to the problem of the UK policy on containment of global climate change mitigation since the 1990s to the date (June 23, 2016) of referendum about the UK exit from the European Union (Brexit). The UK engagement in solving the climate problem is considered through time: starting from the first approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions made by the conservative cabinet of John Major (1990–1997), via the attempts to outline the ways to effectively cut greenhouse gas emissions by domestic efforts while meeting the EU commitments and adhering to the United Nations climate agreement (Kyoto protocol) by the labour cabinets of Tony Blair (1997–2007) and Gordon Brown (2007–2010), and up to making concrete steps done by David Cameron – Nike Klegg coalition cabinet (2010–2015) and the conservative cabinet of D. Cameron (2015–2016) in order to implement international and domestic ‘green agenda’ during the UK recovery from a deep recession and afterwards. The problem is scrutinized with the use of a vast number of official documents and White papers on the climate change policy of British governments, the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, the UK Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Foreign Office. The article shows that the implementation of energy efficiency programs and the diversification of the British energy sector towards rapid application of the low-carbon technologies (the nuclear power and the renewable energy sources) were the main driving force behind the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as an important part of the domestic and international efforts for global climate change mitigation. The government support to the UK fast-growing green economy is seen in the article as the way to create the British and global low-carbon economy of the future.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT PRINCIPLES IN MANAGEMENT OF AN APARTMENT BUILDING IN UKRAINE

The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of management of an apartment building in the context of energy efficiency. The article describes the conduct of an energy audit for apartment buildings, which allows a thorough assessment of this problem and identify optimal ways to save energy resources by apartment buildings. Energy audit is a special examination of residential buildings or enterprises, conducted by specialized specialists in energy certification of buildings to determine their technical condition and energy efficiency. Methodology. Within the framework of this article, the results of a sociological survey conducted among the heads of condominiums to analyze the level of their interest in the implementation of energy efficiency measures were analyzed. The value of the cost of 1 apartment for the implementation of the energy modernization project is calculated. Currently, "energy efficiency" and "energy saving" are extremely popular in Ukraine, due to the following: increasing the cost of energy resources;limited financial capacity of vulnerable groups to pay for services. Results of the survey showed an insufficient level of implementation of energy-saving technologies, although the level of interest of apartment building heads is very high. The development of energy efficiency programs for an apartment building is carried out not only taking into account the necessary priority measures, but also based on the financial capacity of the co-owners of the apartment building. The reason for the insufficient implementation of energy saving measures is the insufficient financial capacity of co-owners and, as a consequence, the apartment buildings themselves. State support for the implementation of energy efficiency in the management of apartment buildings has been studied in detail. It is concluded that large-scale involvement of apartment buildings in the implementation of energy efficiency programs is constrained by the following problems: insufficient funding; insufficient state support for project financing; distrust of co-owners to the effectiveness of the project; unsatisfactory condition of the apartment building, which requires significant financial costs. The growth rate of the number of condominium applications shows an increase in public confidence in the Program. However, they are not enough to talk about launching large-scale energy modernization of multi-apartment housing. Financial support of local authorities to their residents in the implementation of energy saving measures will contribute to even better results.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AS AN ECONOMIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

Background. The energy sector in the structure of the domestic economy remains one of the most vulnerable sectors of the domestic economy. Therefore, solving the problem of reducing energy intensity and energy efficiency of the domestic economy will solve the problem of economic growth of the domestic economy in a global recession due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic and restrictive measures, which significantly reduced national production. Analysis of recent research and publications. Despite a wide range of research on energy conservation and energy efficiency, most of them are limited to general recom­mendations for sustainable development of the national economy. The aim of this article is to develop the theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor in increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy in terms of the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. The aim of the paper is to develop theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor of increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy while there is the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. Materials and methods. The information base of the study were scientific public­cations of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of research on the development of the electricity market, areas of energy efficiency. The research was conducted using such general scientific methods as: generalization and comparison; deductive and inductive analysis; method of statistical analysis to identify and summarize trends in the electricity market, the choice of areas of energy efficiency and the development of energy saving measures. Results. The article presents the results of a study of energy efficiency and energy saving as a basis for economic growth of the domestic economy in terms of overcoming the effects of the global economic crisis. The reasons for the high energy intensity of GDP, which poses a threat to the country’s national security, in particular in the energy sector, have been identified. Conclusion. The necessity of transformation of the electricity market on the prin­ciples of market pricing, energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources, implementation of energy efficiency programs and use of renewable energy sources is proved. Prospects for further research are the development and implementation of modern tools for implementing energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources.

HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT OF CAMPUS AT UMAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE

Purpose. In modern conditions of energy consumption growth and a rapid increase in energy prices the actual problem is the development and implementation of energy efficiency programs and resource-saving conversion in to a source to provide the needs of industry and municipal power. The paper aims to solve the urgent problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel-energy ones and heat supply system optimization on the basis of Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). Methodology. The work investigated the process of heating and hot water supply in the course of 2007-2015 years. Implementation of current problems of energy saving is grounded on the scientific-practical and efficient assurance of fuel and energy usage. At the same time energy-saving technologies are viewed as a priority direction of the energy sector development, reduction of man-induced impact on the environment and as a way of improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Findings. Statistical data acquisition and analyzing of gas flow and outside air temperature for nine years was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, the problem was identified and specific targets for its solutions were set. Originality. Scientific novelty lies in solving the problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel resources in Ukraine through the use of a systematic approach, the methodology development of efficient use of different fuels and optimization of local heating operation, applying contemporary automation and control systems. Firstly it was in detail analyzed and conducted the comprehensive assessment of various factors influence on energy conservation. It takes into account the human factor, professionalism and responsibility of the operators of boilers and their superiors, as well as the relevant control services. Practical value. For UNUH campus hybrid use of solid fuel and gas boilers was carried out. Decentralization of the university heating system has been conducted through the restoration of 350 individual heating systems in residential buildings, remote departments and campus dormitories. The conclusions propose the list of activities upon the real economy of fuel and energy resources, and measures to overcome the economic and political crisis in the country.

Carbon emission effect of renewable energy utilization, fiscal development, and foreign direct investment in South Africa.

In recent times, the persistent global environmental challenges have paved the way for the underpinning of climate change within the perspective of financial performance. Given this motivation, the current study further examines the interaction of foreign direct investment, fiscal development, renewable energy usage, economic growth, and CO2 outrush of South Africa (1970 to 2014). The unit root test of Zivot-Andrews and augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), vector autoregressive (VAR), and Pesaran ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag bounds) approach were employed in the data analysis. The existence of a statistically significant correlation among the series was detected by the Johansen multivariate cointegration in long term and subsequently by the long run coefficient of the vector error correction model test result. Furthermore, in the long run, significant positive correlation existed among renewable energy, GDP (economic growth), development in finance (FD), and CO2 outrush. While in the short run, GDP and development in finance have a statistically positive correlation with outrush of CO2; renewable energy consumption exerts a negative relationship on CO2 in the short run. The Granger causality results show overall causality among the series; proof of bidirectional stimulus running from renewable energy to economic growth; foreign direct investment to trade; and also one causality direction running among the other variables. The policy twist is that the implementation of energy efficiency programs currently pursued by the South African government to enhance renewable energy consumption should be facilitated with more determination. In addition, the government and policymakers should thrive to align these energy efficiency programs with other macroeconomic and financial variables such as foreign direct investment (FDI), fiscal development, and trade openness to achieve minimum CO2 outrush level in South Africa, thus yielding environmental sustainability.

DYNAMICS OF MUTUAL TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CONFLICT’S IMPACT ON NATIONAL SECURITY: A CONCENTRATION-BASED APPROACH

The purpose of the is to summarize and present the results of the study of economic prerequisites for the situation when trade between the aggressor (the Russian Federation) and the victim (Ukraine) was not stopped despite the conflict as well as to assess the dynamics of this trade in the context of indicators of national economic security of Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the analysis of International Trade Center data on exports and imports of Ukraine and the Russian Federation and mutual commodity flows for 2002-2019. In addition, the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index and the Linda index were calculated to determine the level of concentration of commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade. To assess the impact of the external sector on the level of economic security of Ukraine, indicators regulated by national legislation were evaluated such as economy openness, export coverage ratio of imports, times; share of the leading partner country in total exports of goods, share of the leading partner country in total imports of goods, share of the leading commodity (commodity group) in the total volume of goods exports, share of leading goods (commodity group) excluding energy imports in total imports of goods, share of raw materials and low degree of industrial export processing in total exports of goods, share of imports in domestic consumption, terms of trade index (price). Results of the survey showed that The Russian Federation was the largest trading partner, and remains a significant participant in Ukraine’s foreign trade operations today. At the same time the objective process of reducing the importance of the Russian Federation in the export-import trade of Ukraine had begun long before 2014. Despite the fact that the level of danger in the foreign sphere has decreased to a certain extent, such an improvement occurs against the backdrop of the impossibility of completely terminating trade and other economic relations with the Russian Federation. Practical implications. Based on the analysis, the areas of overcoming risks in the external sphere should be recognized: strengthening the capacity of the domestic market, including the implementation of infrastructure renewal programs for transport facilities and military-industrial complex, stimulating foreign investment in mechanical engineering; stimulating foreign investment in high-technology activities; implementation of energy efficiency programs; simplifying administrative and tax conditions for the provision of service as a substitute to commodity trade. Value/originality. Data on concentration level of foreign trade of Ukraine and the Russian Federation and on level of foreign economic component of national economic security of Ukraine.

Evaluating the impact of energy efficiency programs on generation maintenance scheduling

This paper presents a novel approach to generation maintenance scheduling (GMS) problem. The GMS problem is one of the main issues in the restructured power system, due to its effect on the security risks and the profit of the generation company (Genco). In order to consider the risk of GMS for producers, the GMS problem from the perspective of producers is modeled using non-cooperative game theory, and to determine the Genco's optimal strategy profile, the Nash equilibrium is used. In this paper, the coordinating procedure to satisfy reliability criterion and greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction is done by the independent system operator (ISO). In recent years, extensive researches have been fulfilled on the implementation of energy efficiency programs in the restructured electricity industry. Energy efficiency programs play a significant role in meeting our energy requirements, energy security risks, and GHGs problems. In this paper, an economic-environmental model of efficiency power plants (EPP) has been applied to analyze impacts of the energy efficiency programs in the generation maintenance scheduling (GMSEPP). Also, the impact of energy efficiency on emission production in GMSEPP is considered. The expansion of the EPP has been facilitated by regulatory support schemes. In this work, the energy efficiency feed-in tariff is considered as a regulatory support system to encourage the investors. The Implementation of the energy efficiency programs on generation maintenance scheduling can lead to the improvement in the reliability and reduction in GHGs in the modified IEEE RTS 24 bus.

Advancing Energy Performance in Oil and Gas Industry through Systematic Implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs by Applying an Operational Excellence Model

Energy performance has becoming one of the top global discussion subjects due to the facts of hiked in fossil fuel price, changed in living standards, increased in Green House Gas (GHG) awareness as well as fair business practices such as subsidies and environment regulations. It has pushed societal expectations on oil companies’ especially National Oil Companies (NOCs) located in Middle East to rigorously conserve energy and explore ways to enhance its performance. In current industrial practice, Energy Efficiency Programs (EEP) is one of typical initiatives that have been evolving since the late 1990s. However, its progress has just been seen and unfortunately, NOCs are far away from a matured management in addressing EEP expectations. Most of NOCs consider EEP as an ambition, rather than a condition applying to all levels of the businesses. In fact, cost reduction is a main focus rather than to execute right energy conservation strategies and more seriously, lack of a dedicated focus to efficiently use energy resources. This paper presents a methodology that can induce rapid deployment and implementation of a customized EEP. The methodology requires to embed the EEP into the Operation Excellence Model (OEM), a well structured organization’ management framework model as defined by European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM). Since OEM is company-wide initiative, therefore it can be a perfect vehicle to drive EEP in reaching maturity. Through a successful case study, this methodology has proven to drastically improve the implementation pace of EEP and drive tremendous reduction in energy consumption as well as GHG emissions.

Implementation of energy efficiency programs using cogeneration based on internal combustion engines

Abstract The paper presents an analysis of implementation of CHP plants based on internal combustion engines at different industrial companies. The authors have presented general aspects regarding utilization of internal combustion engines for cogeneration. There have been presented different possibilities of classification of internal combustion engines. Further on authors have presented different possibilities for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines, including: supercharging compression ratio increase, advanced heat recuperation for combined production of heat and power. There have also been presented different measures for increasing energy efficiency on site, including measures for CHP plant and internal combustion engines and measures for other auxiliary equipment and measures for technological equipment. In the second part of the paper authors have presented three case studies of utilization of internal combustion engines at a cogeneration plant for different industrial companies: cogeneration plant at a company from pharmaceutical sector, cogeneration plant at a beer production company and cogeneration plant at a company of electrical insulation materials. The results of the analysis led to following conclusions: implementation of cogeneration solutions based on internal combustion engines lead to significant financial savings, implementation of cogeneration solutions based on internal combustion engines can also lead to reducing environmental impact, it ensures higher global energy production efficiency and higher power efficiency compared to National Power System and to separate power and heat generation, it can lead to increased safety in energy supply of the company, it can also increase the reliability of power supply in cases of National Power Grid faults.

Energy efficiency outlook in China’s urban buildings sector through 2030

This study uses bottom-up modeling framework in order to quantify potential energy savings and emission reduction impacts from the implementation of energy efficiency programs in the building sector in China. Policies considered include (1) accelerated building codes in residential and commercial buildings, (2) increased penetration of district heat metering and controls, (3) district heating efficiency improvement, (4) building energy efficiency labeling programs and (5) retrofits of existing commercial buildings.Among these programs, we found that the implementation of building codes provide by far the largest savings opportunity, leading to an overall 17% reduction in overall space heating and cooling demand relative to the baseline. Second are energy efficiency labels with 6%, followed by reductions of losses associated with district heating representing 4% reduction and finally, retrofits representing only about a 1% savings.

Система управления имущественным комплексом: принципы и инструменты

The article substantiates the need for a software system that can store and process data of technical certificates, periodic inspections made or planned current and capital repairs, with an indication of the resources requirements of regulatory bodies specifying the volume of work performed, the current state of the object and the surrounding area containing recommendations for the further operation of objects and allows you to monitor their implementation. The aim of developing an electronic data sheet is to implement automated information accounting major and minor building parameters. This electronic data sheet is used in order to provide adequate technical operation of each of the facilities of the property complex of the educational organization; address the planning overhaul and repair; calculation of costs for maintenance and repair of the educational organizations common property complex to obtain objective data on the volume of use of energy resources; determination of energy efficiency; cost optimization through the implementation of energy efficiency programs and resources; determining the economic model of sustainable development of the educational organization. Database Update shall be held not less than twice a year at the time of the planned technical surveys (inspections) facilities of the property complex - spring and fall. This updating of the parameters indicating the physical deterioration of the structural elements and engineering systems will contribute to the timely referral of the necessary financial and material resources to restore the operating characteristics of each individual object property complex. Improving mechanisms for management decision-making through the use of electronic data sheet, as a tool for automated information accounting major and minor parameters of the building, will provide the conditions for reliable operation and effective use of all the property complex of systems that support the activities of the University.

The economic effect of efficiency programs on energy consumers and producers

An increase in the efficiency of natural gas fired residential appliances allows users to realize the same level of service, heating water for example, while using less natural gas. In addition to this technological benefit to the residential sector, the reduced demand for natural gas depresses the price of natural gas, resulting in pecuniary gains to other energy consumers and pecuniary losses to energy producers. The question we address in this study is whether purely pecuniary effects, those that follow from the price changes elicited by lower usage of natural gas, should enter the debate concerning the implementation of energy efficiency programs. To that end, we explore the price and social welfare impacts of natural gas energy efficiency standards by evaluating the impacts of a specific efficiency standard using the National Energy Modeling System. Our analysis indicates that purely pecuniary losses to producers are largely offset by pecuniary benefits to consumers. Our analysis also provides useful insight into the sources of these benefits and losses. Although our results are based on a specific model and efficiency standard, we believe that the results generalize to other efficiency programs and would be reproduced using other energy models.

Influences of economic development in the Brazilian energy efficiency projects

This work has as main goal to present some of the issues regarding the effects of the Brazilian economy in the effectiveness of national energy efficiency projects in order to provide some guidelines for optimizing the energy saving actions. The replacement of traditional electric motors with high efficiency motors has been considered, or that brings innovation and increases the need to search for new technologies for Brazilian industries. We must consider whether this new paradigm requires a strong federal government's investment in Brazil in order to allow the implementation of energy efficiency programs, mainly in small and medium industries. This document is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with some aspects of the economic crisis. The second presents the most important data of the National Electricity Conservation (PROCEL) and Energy Efficiency Program of the ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency). The third shows data on Small and Medium Industries and how their energy efficiency programs were affected.

Projection of CO2 emissions in Malaysia

AbstractThe problem of massive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fossil fuels and their climatic impact has become major scientific and political issues. Electricity generation, transportation, industrial and residential are the main sectors identified to contribute to the emission of CO2 in Malaysia. In this study, a comprehensive modeling tool, long‐range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) was utilized to project CO2 emissions from year 2000 to year 2020 for each sector. It was projected that without any mitigation measures being taken up by the country, 285.73 million tonnes of CO2 will be released in 2020, which is a 68.86% increase compared to the amount of CO2 emitted in year 2000. Electricity generation, which gives 43.40% out of total of emissions, was discovered to be the largest emitting sector among all sectors. In addition, this study also reviews recommended mitigation analysis proposed by other researches as well as implementation of energy efficiency program in Malaysia. This projection and mitigation is a hope to provide an important basis to reduce future CO2 emissions and their associated impact in Malaysia. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010.

Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy

Energy is often known as the catalyst for development. Globally, the per capita consumption of energy is often used as a barometer to measure the level of economic development in a particular country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital component in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy to ensure long-term reliability and security of energy supply. Concentrated efforts are being undertaken to ensure the sustainability of energy resources, both depletable and renewable. The aim of this paper is to describe the various energy policies adopted in Malaysia to ensure long-term reliability and security of energy supply. The role of both, non-renewable and renewable sources of energy in the current Five-Fuel Diversification Strategy energy mix will also be discussed. Apart from that, this paper will also describe the various alternative energy and the implementation of energy efficiency program in Malaysia.