Implementation Of Employment Policies Research Articles

The State of Employment for People With IDD: Implications for Practice, Policy, and Equity.

Meaningful progress in improving employment outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities continues to be elusive, despite 40 years of investment in research, policy, and supports. This article reviews the current state of employment for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and describes policy, practice, and individual factors that influence employment outcomes. Research suggests the need for a holistic approach to change that addresses systems-level strategy, policy, and fiscal investment while strengthening individual experiences with employment and related day services. Recommendations address strengthening the implementation of employment policy, developing pathways to employment, and engaging individuals with IDD and, in particular, individuals with diverse social characteristics in reflecting on the quality of their experiences and supports.

ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM TAXATION TO LATVIA: BASIC LINES AND ESSENTIAL ASPECTS FOR MODERNISATION OF TAX SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The article considers the taxation system and its impact on the intensification of entrepreneurial activity, conducts a comparative analysis of the current taxation systems of Latvia and Ukraine, highlights their shortcomings, advantages, impact on the development of the country, activities of business entities and welfare of citizens, analyses the tax administration procedure and the mechanism of taxation by direct and indirect taxes. The issue of using foreign experience of tax reforms in the framework of harmonisation of the Ukrainian tax system with the global one is extremely relevant, especially in the current economic environment. As a result of the study, the author analyses the current tax legislation of Ukraine, which is embodied in the provisions of the Tax Code, in comparison with the tax legislation of Latvia. Using the model of the Latvian taxation system as an example, the author substantiates its effectiveness when using a sufficiently high level of tax deductions. To achieve this goal, the author analyses the state of the Latvian taxation system in 2017–2023, and studies the economic freedom index of Latvia in dynamics and its impact on the development of entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that the taxation process should contribute to the implementation of employment policy, influence the distribution of income in the direction of ensuring equity, and create a barrier to the use of shadow tax schemes. Prospects for further research in this area are the development of measures to improve the domestic taxation system.

The triple helix: oil prices, trade terms and unemployment: a developmental analysis of Turkiye

Purpose- This study delves into the intricate dynamics surrounding oil prices, terms of trade, and unemployment, pivotal factors exerting profound effects on the developmental trajectories of developing countries. Methodology- Employing the Vector Autoregressive Model and Granger Causality Test, the research scrutinizes data spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a focus on Turkey as a case study. Granger causality analysis reveals bidirectional causality between terms of trade and unemployment as well as between oil prices and unemployment. Findings The findings underscore the significance of targeted policies to address challenges in developing nations. Strategies aimed at reducing energy dependence, diversifying energy sources, and implementing strategic foreign trade planning emerge as crucial components to steer these countries toward sustainable development. Furthermore, the study advocates for the implementation of employment policies to effectively tackle unemployment rates. Conclusion- The reciprocal relationships observed between these variables highlight the need for comprehensive and multifaceted approaches to address the intricate interplay of economic factors influencing the developmental processes of developing countries. The insights gleaned from this research not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of these relationships but also provide a foundation for informed policy recommendations to promote robust and sustainable development in developing nations. Keywords: Oil, terms of trade, unemployment, vector auto regressive model, Granger Causality JEL Codes: O13, O11, Q43, E24, F14, F43, C32

Employment Crisis in Comoros and Importance of Training: Analysis and Prospects

Over the past two decades, the employment situation in Comoros has deteriorated. The country has a very young population, but its labor force participation rate remains one of the lowest in the world. This paper proposes to review the root causes of the employment crisis in Comoros and to propose solutions that could help limit the waste of its human capital. During this study, we made use of a methodological triangulation by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Thus, we had to conduct surveys by questionnaire, interviews, mostly semi-directive, with the target population, and other techniques such as focus groups and life stories. Our study population includes 251 active young people (workers and unemployed), 16 government officials and 43 Comorian employers, given their importance in the planning and implementation of employment policies. At the end of our analyses, it should be noted that the employment crisis is generally explained by the cyclical socio-political crises that the country has experienced since its independence, in addition to the global financial and economic crises. Moreover, its educational system, inherited from the colonial model, hardly meets the country’s needs in terms of manpower training. It should also be added that the country does not give itself enough means to develop its education, the main tool to fight against chronic unemployment. It is in this sense that a diversified technical and vocational education should be put in place as well as a formal curriculum favorable to entrepreneurship education.

Employers' activities for the implementation of employment policy

The article highlights the issues of employers’ assistance to employment of the population. Among them: participation in events for the organization and conduct of public works; creation of conditions for vocational education,vocational training and additional vocational education of employees, including women, during the period of parental leave until they reach the age of three years; compliance with quotas for the employment of disabled people. The author analyzes the problems of law enforcement practice, which give reason to believe that negative trends in the enforcement of existing norms in the sphere of the relations under consideration persist. This is especially true of the application of norms on job quotas. Special attention is paid to the novelties of legislation in the sphere of the relations under consideration.

Research on the Employment Competitiveness of Overseas Returnees and the Construction of an Evaluation System

The study involved conducting both quantitative and qualitative analyses on the employment competitiveness of 186 overseas returnees and then developed an evaluation system for assessing their employment competitiveness. The study also compared the disparities between self-evaluation and social expectations among the returnees. Based on the findings, several countermeasures were proposed. At the individual level, emphasis should be placed on fostering professional and foreign language skills, early career planning, and establishing clear employment evaluation criteria. At the government and social levels, it is recommended to establish a database and strengthen the formulation and implementation of employment policies for these students.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KETENAGAKERJAAN DI KABUPATEN BEKASI

The theory used as an analytical knife in writing this thesis is the theory of policy implementation model according to Muchlis Hamdi (2014) which explains the description of the dynamics of the movement of policy implementation, namely the dimensions of productivity, linearity and efficiency and the factors that can affect the success of policy implementation, namely the determinants of policy substance, implementing task behavior, network interaction, target group participation and resources. The method used is a qualitative approach, data collection techniques are interviews, document review, and analysis. Based on the description obtained that the implementation of employment policies in Bekasi Regency has not run optimally, productivity has not reached the target, both the target for reducing the open unemployment rate and the target for minimum service standards for manpower placement. The service linearity between job seekers registration and job vacancies registration is in accordance with predetermined procedures, time, cost, place and implementer, but in terms of service to employers, procedures for placement of workers and follow-up to the appointment of prospective job seekers, the Bekasi Regency Manpower Office does not yet have a written standard operating procedure (SOP), so it cannot be explained whether the service is in accordance with the standard specification guidelines that have been determined. the efficiency of inter-work services is quite efficient, but inter-work services are still done manually and have not used online-based technology that can expand the range of services.

Implementation of The Manpower BPJS Policy in Sidoarjo District

The number of BPJS Employment participants in Sidoarjo Regency experienced a significant decline, especially for non-formal workers in 2018-2019. This condition is inseparable from the policy of implementing employment. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research was carried out at the BPJS Employment Office of the Sidoarjo Branch. The focus of this research includes: 1) Implementation of BPJS Employment Policy in Sidoarjo Regency, 2) inhibiting and supporting factors of BPJS Employment Policy Implementation in Sidoarjo Regency. The data of this research are primary and secondary data collected by interview, observation, and documentation. The informants of this research include employees of BPJS Employment in Sidoarjo Regency, and BPJS Employment Participants. Data analysis used Milles and Hubberman qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study state that 1) BPJS Employment in Sidoarjo Regency in implementing policies has paid attention to the dimensions of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. a) Communication, namely in carrying out policy implementation using communication internally and externally smoothly, clearly, and consistently; (b) resources, namely in carrying out policy implementation, competent human resources, quality information, and adequate facilities are supported; (c) disposition, namely in running.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОЛИТИКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РЫНКА ТРУДА

The subject of the study is the policy of effective employment in the context of the growing volatility of the labor market and the heterogeneity of the labor force. The aim of the article is to identify key areas for the development and implementation of an effective employment policy in the context of digital transformation and a changing labor market, as well as to identify factors that have both a positive and negative impact on its effectiveness. The relevance of the study is due to the growing instability of the economy, the labor market, and the employment sector, associated with the active spread of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in all spheres of public life, demographic trends associated with an increase in life expectancy, population aging and increased migration processes, and also the difficulty in achieving decent work and effective employment due to the traditional nature and limitations of the measures and activities of modern employment policy, despite the growing instability and variability of the environment. The scientific novelty consists in determining the key factors, conditions, principles, and directions of the modern effective employment policy. The research methods are induction, deduction, historical analysis, comparative analysis, analysis, synthesis. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following results: the key factors contributing to and hindering the achievement of an effective employment policy were identified; systematization of existing and identification of new areas of effective employment policy, conditions for the implementation of each direction; formation of recommendations for the development and implementation of employment policy in modern conditions, taking into account the identified areas, principles and conditions for achievement; the need for the active development of new forms of employment, the implementation, and protection of the rights and guarantees of workers, as well as the need to use a personalized approach, including taking into account generational differences of workers, is argued. The authors conclude that the complexity and diversity of employment policy and the close relationship with other areas of social development. In order to increase its effectiveness, it is important to develop all areas, form a common vision for the majority of stakeholders, regularly forecast and search for new opportunities for the development of the labor market and employment.

Implementation of Innovative Processes to Ensure the Development of the Social Infrastructure of China

Implementation of dynamic processes of innovative transformations in the social sphere of many countries of the world is a guarantee for an effective management of their socio-economic systems. Today, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is trying to find its own approach to the effective development of the social infrastructure of the territories, the problem of which is actualized in the context of large-scale socio-economic reforms, and the possibility of a solution is supported by the significant growth of the innovative potential of the PRC. It is noted that maintenance at the achieved level and further socio-economic development of the state are not possible without regular implementation of innovations. China is one of the world’s technological and scientific leaders, adapting quickly and creating its own innovations. However, the development of the social sector requires separate innovative initiatives and projects. It is determined that social innovation has been promoted as China’s national development strategy since the mid-2010s. New ideas, patterns of organizational behavior, and political agendas have been transformed into social innovations. These events create a climate that promotes social innovation as a general conception. The views of scientists of the People’s Republic of China regarding the harmonious social development of Chinese society were considered, including the implementation of the priority strategy of education; improving the health care system; active implementation of employment policy; creation of a fair distribution system; fair social guarantees; coordinated development of regions. The steps for implementing China’s socio-economic breakthrough strategy are highlighted: first, increasing the share of the market economy and reducing the level of support for the state-owned enterprises; secondly, stimulation of the domestic market and consumption; third, improving social protection, which will help solve the demographic problem; fourth, invest in the development of less polluting industries, gradually reduce the number of thermal power plants, switch to alternative energy sources; fifthly, the fight against corruption and strengthening the rule of law are of fundamental importance.

Utilization of the Integrated Service Application System (SIAPEL) in Civil Service Retirement Administration Services (Study of Employment Policy Implementation based on Malang Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Malang Regency Public Services)

Utilization of the Integrated Service Application System (SIAPEL) in Civil Service Retirement Administration Services (Study of Employment Policy Implementation based on Malang Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Malang Regency Public Services)

State employment centers in Russia: Assessment by service recipients

Background: Many countries spend up to 1% of GDP on implementing employment policies and assisting unemployed citizens, so it is important to assess the effectiveness of spending these funds. One of the Russian federal projects focuses on increasing the level of service recipients' satisfaction. The target indicator is 90.0% of satisfied recipients by the end of 2024. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the state of employment policy implementation in Russia. Study design/methodology/approach: The information base of the study is data of two questionnaire surveys of registered unemployed conducted in 2020-2021. In 2020, 4,800 unemployed people were interviewed in order to assess their satisfaction with the services received at the employment center. In 2021, 1,000 people from this number were re-interviewed in order to assess usefulness of the provided services. The survey evaluated several parameters, which influence the recipient's satisfaction with provided state employment services. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze the data. Finding/conclusions: The results show that over the past 3 years, respondents have noted positive changes in the work of state employment centers - expanding opportunities to receive services via the Internet, reducing queues in employment centers, increasing the availability of information about services. Also, the respondents rate usefulness of the received services for future quite highly employment. At the same time, low speed of service delivery, a large list of necessary documents, and insufficient customer orientation of employment centers staff are still being zones for development and improvement. Limitations/future research: The limitations of the study include a small number of existing studies on this problem, as well as the sample size. In further research, it is advisable to increase the number of unemployed interviewed in order to obtain more accurate and objective assessments of satisfaction with the services provided in employment centers.

Sotsialne partnerstvo v rehuliuvanni zainiatosti naselennia

The article reveals the importance of social partnership as a special type of social relations in a market economy, when inevitably arise and exacerbate problems of employment, unemployment, wages, income. It is emphasized that the social partnership plays a special role in regulating employment as the most important component of a socially oriented economy, which ensures the formation and use of labour potential, human capital development and its direct impact on the progressive economy and society. It is noted that social partnership in the field of employment involves the organization of partnership social interaction, ensuring constant dialogue between the parties in the field of labour relations to reach agreement on employment, providing unemployed with jobs, introducing new modern forms of employment, creating decent working conditions based on mutually beneficial agreements and their implementation at the micro, meso and macro levels of management of these processes. It is noted that the restrictions caused by the global spread of coronavirus disease through the introduction of quarantine measures have significantly affected the change in employment in the direction of reducing it, reducing income, living standards and quality of life, the spread of shadow employment without adequate social protection. It is determined that one of the leading problems that needs to be solved is the reform of the social partnership system. Cooperation of social partners on introduction of flexible forms of employment, development of vocational education, strengthening of social protection of workers as a tool for transition of workers to the formal employment sector, empowerment to combine work and family life, etc. will help increase the efficiency of labour market regulation in modern conditions. Implementation of employment policy in modern conditions will be facilitated by the introduction and development of joint social responsibility of partners in the social and labour sphere with a clear definition of various forms of responsibility for non-compliance with the agreements reached.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI WAJIB LAPOR TENAGA KERJA PERUSAHAAN KE DINAS TENAGA KERJA KOTA JAYAPURA

This study would like to give you an idea or describe and analyze the real situation of the implementation of employment policy in the company to report on the Department of Labor Jayapura Papua province as a social phenomenon, then this type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data analysis using inductive analysis, performed analysis step is data triangulation. The results showed that : (1) The process of communication required to report employment policies of the leadership to subordinates still experiencing barriers caused parentheses implementor in understanding and field level staff in understanding and understand the contents of the charge required to report employment policies . (2) The implementation of employment policy in the company to report on the Department of Labor has not optimally touch all the companies located in the city of Jayapura. (3) The attitude of the implementers need to be improved in supporting policy implementation report obligatory especially regarding the commitment to implement the contents of the policy implementers must report employment through enhanced calling efforts through official letter, socialization, and increased field monitoring activities of all employers. (4) the Department of Labor Jayapura yet have a standard SOP procedures and reporting procedures to report that became the basis of the implementation of employment policy. (5) Implementation of policies required to report employment in Jayapura in 3 (three) years is still not implemented to the fullest, it proved the performance of listed companies under the number 100 company from the number of companies registered with the Department of Labor as many as 367 companies. (6) support and attention of the Mayor is not optimal.

基于霍恩–米特模型的残疾人就业政策执行研究——以X市为例

基于霍恩–米特模型的残疾人就业政策执行研究——以X市为例

The key risks of interaction between employment services and employers in the labor market and the ways of their localization

The article discusses the risks in the process of interaction between employment services and the employer in the regional labor market. Risks become barriers to the implementation of employment policy and the formation of effective mechanisms for the development of labor resources. The main problems and contradictions are associated with the creation of legal, economic, institutional and informational conditions. The creation of conditions will contribute to the effective functioning of the labor market, which will bridge the gaps between supply and demand for labor. The main problems can be distinguished by the method of questionnaire sociological survey and in-depth informal interview. Such a survey is conducted based on a representative sample from all over Russia. Based on analysis of the survey results highlighted the main risks of interaction in the labor market, a description and evaluations and the level of risk, risk sharing on the subjects of relations, possible areas of risk containment and mitigation of their consequences. The main conclusion of the work is the provision on the need to form an integrated risk management system. The integrated system will ensure the main directions of stable development of the regional labor market.

The key risks of interaction between employment services and employers in the labor market and the ways of their localization

The article discusses the risks in the process of interaction between employment services and the employer in the regional labor market. Risks become barriers to the implementation of employment policy and the formation of effective mechanisms for the development of labor resources. The main problems and contradictions are associated with the creation of legal, economic, institutional and informational conditions. The creation of conditions will contribute to the effective functioning of the labor market, which will bridge the gaps between supply and demand for labor. The main problems can be distinguished by the method of questionnaire sociological survey and in-depth informal interview. Such a survey is conducted based on a representative sample from all over Russia. Based on analysis of the survey results highlighted the main risks of interaction in the labor market, a description and evaluations and the level of risk, risk sharing on the subjects of relations, possible areas of risk containment and mitigation of their consequences. The main conclusion of the work is the provision on the need to form an integrated risk management system. The integrated system will ensure the main directions of stable development of the regional labor market.

ДИСТАНЦИОННАЯ ЗАНЯТОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

The object of the research is the features of the development of distance employment in the modern Russian economy. The aim of the work is to analyze the impact of distance employment on the labor market and identify the main directions of its transformation. The authors used the methods of critical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, statistical and empirical methods. revealed the advantages of using distance employment for employers, as well as a number of problems related to information and communication support for the activities of remote workers, the use of their own means of production, digital inequality among different age groups of the population and between regions The authors note the excessive state regulation of this category of employed in the public sector by the state and come to the conclusion that the lack of scientific study of its main definitions has a negative impact on the study of distance employment and its impact on the labor market. There are problems in the legal regulation of distance employment associated with the use of workers' own means of production, the regulation of work and rest regimes, and safety measures. There is no statistical record of this category of workers. Since the indicators and characteristics of the Russian labor market have worsened during the pandemic, it is necessary to develop measures to promote employment of the population and transform its structure, considering the requirements of digitalization and optimization of the Russian economy. The obtained theoretical and practical results of the research can be used in the development and implementation of employment policies by federal and regional authorities, as well as applied in the collective and contractual regulation of social and labor relations.

Grounded Theory for Implementation of Labor Policy Women Disability Research

Implementation of employment policies for women with disabilities using grounded theory, because researchers assume that the method, can reveal the problem in this study, namely how the views and impacts of the implementation of employment policies for women with disabilities, especially those in Malang City. This study uses the qualitative approach of the Straussian version of the grounded theory method. Because Straussian tends to be more structured, it requires several rules and is complex so that it is open to various kinds of form the initial categories along with sub categories based on information extracted from the phenomenon.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ЧИННИКИ РОЗМІЩЕННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ ЗІ СХОДУ УКРАЇНИ

The relevance of the study is fueled by the need to identify the factors contributing to the resettlement of IDPs in Ukraine, which will make it possible to identify their structural features, immediate needs and to introduce directions of regional policy aimed at solving the acute problems of IDPs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors that influence the territorial concentration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine. The territorial characteristics of the placement of IDPs, most of which reside in regions geographically close to the Separate districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk region, are considered. A significant proportion of immigrants live in the territory of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kiev regions and in the city of Kiev. Uneven placement of IDPs in Ukraine leads to excessive social and administrative burden on host communities, local labor markets, social infrastructure of resettlement regions, complicates the implementation of employment policies. The author has identified four groups of factors that influence the placement of IDPs: naturalgeographical, political, economic, socio-demographic. Migrants choose for their residence economically developed areas, which have a significant proximity to the territories of their previous residence, while other areas are almost ignored. Therefore, among the most important possible factors for the placement of internally displaced persons, the following were considered: territorial, proximity to certain districts of Donetsk and Lugansk regions, employment opportunities, resettlement experience of predecessors, urbanization level of the receiving region, access to education, health care, family ties, ethno-national and religious views of the local population, electoral views, values of the population, the possibility of social protection, the attitude of the local population towards the immigrants and the like. The group of economic factors includes employment opportunities, the availability of jobs and favorable working conditions, takes into account the industrial specialization of the region, the stable development of the economy, high quality of life and a high index of regional development.