Implementation Of Different Models Research Articles

Simplified primary energy models for the selection of Electron Beam Melting over turning in the production of titanium alloys components

Over the last years two factors have deeply affected research in Manufacturing: the growing interest around Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes and the need to reduce the anthropogenic environmental impact. As result, a large papers concerning the environmental impact performance of AM compared to conventional processes have been published. Specifically, very complex models accounting for the impact of each life cycle stage of AMed components have been released. Results revealed that AM, at present, guarantees energy savings only within some domains, and the potential saving depends on several factors: product complexity, eco-properties of the material, energy intensity of the material deposition, light-weighting enabled by AM approaches and extent of the use phase. Above all, the result of the comparative analysis depends both on the considered factors and on the selected system boundaries. The already proposed models are very complex and many inventory data are needed, this could make them unapplicable at industrial level. In the presented paper, simplified models are proposed and the performances of these are quantified with varying the analyzed scenario (considered factors and selected system boundary). Results revealed that, for given scenarios, simplified models characterized by low computational effort, can provide reliable results. Guidelines for the implementation of different models with varying the system boundary are provided for the cumulative energy comparison of Electron Beam Melting and conventional turning for the production of titanium alloys components.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ У МЕХАНІЗМАХ ЗМІЦНЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Consideration of questions in relation to the design of different scenarios of transformations of mechanisms of strengthening of economic security of entrepreneurial activity, that take place on the modern stage of development Ukrainian economy. A research aim by research is development of recommendations in relation to the construction of model of transformations of mechanism of strengthening of economic security, taking into account the indexes of safety of entrepreneurial activity, its different planning, expediency of evaluation and receipt of effective results of their application. The modern doctrines of strengthening of economic security of business and entrepreneurial activity became methodological basis of research. In the conducted researches used methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific cognition, instruments of economic analysis for determination the level of transformations and factors that influence on economically safety and the margin of its safety. The basic hypothesis of research is supposition on the choice of such model (or integration to the existent models) of economic security strengthening that will allow to get the sufficient margin of safety for development of entrepreneurial activity. Exposition of basic material of research. The construction of model of transformations process in the mechanism of economic security strengthening is suggested to carry out in a few stages that are related to determination of indexes for the estimation of durability the economic security of businessman and evaluation of efficiency of measures for effectiveness of strengthening of entrepreneurial activity. It is analyzed the existent models of economic security strengthening and its property in the process of transformations. It was reasonable the expediency of choice the index - margin of safety that will allow to find out directions of positive progress of entrepreneurial activity trends for the chosen models of economic security strengthening. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research are confirmed by the offered set of measures and mechanism of choice the models of strengthening, coming from a necessity to keep a certain reserve of durability of entrepreneurial activity for those dangers and risks that arise up on this stage of development Ukrainian economy. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. The conducted research allowed admitting the design of economic security a difficult and different component process with many internal and external factors influence on that. For the construction of effective model of transformation the mechanism of economic security strengthening of entrepreneurial activity maybe to use already existent models of economic security, its integration and authentication to the terms of development of business. Further researches will be sent to implementation of different models of mechanism of economic security strengthening in entrepreneurial activity for the sake of search the most effective in the process of transformation Ukrainian economy in accordance with the terms of martial law and processes of country renewal.

Effectiveness and implementation of models of cancer survivorship care: an overview of systematic reviews.

PurposeTo critically assess the effectiveness and implementation of different models of post-treatment cancer survivorship care compared to specialist-led models of survivorship care assessed in published systematic reviews.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from January 2005 to May 2021. Systematic reviews that compared at least two models of cancer survivorship care were included. Article selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal were conducted independently by two authors. The models were evaluated according to cancer survivorship care domains, patient and caregiver experience, communication and decision-making, care coordination, quality of life, healthcare utilization, costs, and mortality. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were also synthesized.ResultsTwelve systematic reviews were included, capturing 53 primary studies. Effectiveness for managing survivors’ physical and psychosocial outcomes was found to be no different across models. Nurse-led and primary care provider-led models may produce cost savings to cancer survivors and healthcare systems. Barriers to the implementation of different models of care included limited resources, communication, and care coordination, while facilitators included survivor engagement, planning, and flexible services.ConclusionsDespite evidence regarding the equivalent effectiveness of nurse-led, primary care-led, or shared care models, these models are not widely adopted, and evidence-based recommendations to guide implementation are required. Further research is needed to address effectiveness in understudied domains of care and outcomes and across different population groups.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsRather than aiming for an optimal “one-size fits all” model of survivorship care, applying the most appropriate model in distinct contexts can improve outcomes and healthcare efficiency.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11764-021-01128-1.

Mathematical Modelling of Epidemiology

In order to combat the spread of infectious diseases, scientists from a combination of fields have started to develop mathematical models to represent these diseases. With computer models and applied mathematics, one can predict and control various diseases. We present the evolution and implementation of different models used in mathematical modelling as well as a demonstration of the SIR model in MATLAB.

Structure evaluation of the implementation of geriatric models in primary care: a multiple-case study of models involving advanced geriatric nurses in five municipalities in Norway

BackgroundThe Advanced Geriatric Nurse role recently has been introduced into Norway’s primary healthcare system, and our study’s purpose was to examine the implementation of models of care developed for Advanced Geriatric Nurse in primary care. With a structure evaluation, we tried to identify conditions that affect the implementation of different models of care and understand how these conditions affected the realisation of each model’s intentions and goals.MethodsAn embedded multiple-case study was used that included five Norwegian municipalities and seven AGNs. The study included data from August 2014 through September 2018. We used data from 25 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with AGNs and stakeholders, documents and statistical information. We used a cross-case procedure with an emphasis on case findings for the analysis of the multiple case study.ResultsWe analysed the structure-related conditions on two levels: the meso-level and the micro-level. On the meso-level, we found that the conditions that affected the implementation of the different models of care were related to each municipality’s structure characteristics, stakeholders’ involvement in the design of the models of care, the clarity of the models and their goals, the evaluation of the models and their adaptation. At the micro-level, we found that the conditions that affected the models’ implementation were related to the collaboration within the implemented models of care, the role clarity of Advanced Geriatric Nurses themselves and adjustments within the models.ConclusionsThe implementation of the AGN role in Norway seems to have been implemented in ways that can impact patients and municipalities positively. Potential improvements include extensive stakeholder involvement, improved roles, goal clarity and better documentation of structures and outcomes. The models’ dynamic nature seemed to be a beneficial characteristic, but adaptation should be systematic and a necessary time should be considered for a new model of care to be integrated and produce results.

The Importance of Distance between Photovoltaic Power Stations for Clear Accuracy of Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting

The current research paper deals with the worldwide problem of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting by this innovative contribution in short-term PV power forecasting time horizon based on classification methods and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) neural network model. In the meantime, the weather data and PV installation parameters are collected through the data acquisition systems installed beside the three PV systems. At the same time, the PV systems are located in Morocco country, respectively, the 2 kWp PV installation placed at the Higher Normal School of Technical Education (ENSET) in Rabat city, the 3 kWp PV system set at Nouasseur Casablanca city, and the 60 kWp PV installation also based in Rabat city. The multisite modelling approach, meanwhile, is deployed for establishing the flawless short-term PV power forecasting models. As a result, the implementation of different models highlights their achievements in short-term PV power forecasting modelling. Consequently, the comparative study between the benchmarking model and the forecasting methods showed that the forecasting techniques used in this study outperform the smart persistence model not only in terms of normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) but also in terms of the skill score technique applied to assess the short-term PV power forecasting models.

STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN QUALITY ASSUARANCE AT UNIVERSITY

The article highlights the problems associated with the concept of involving students in the formation, development and implementation of vital decisions in the field of higher education. It is emphasized that the relevance of student participation is that students are not only a stakeholder but also an equal partner in the processes of university governance and in the process of ensuring the quality of higher education. The article analyses different approaches to the concept of «student voice». The authors propose to consider this concept as a philosophical and managerial idea that students have their unique opinion on education and they should be able to make a real contribution to decision-making in higher education, influencing results, expressing their views, promoting their ideas and feeling the results of their influence. Different models and mechanisms of student voice are presented: representation of students in the governing bodies of the university; activities of students in leading groups of educational programs; survey of students, focus groups; cooperation with the students’ organization; regular informal discussions between students and faculty and university management. The article analyses the practical implementation of different models and mechanisms of student voice in European universities: University College London and University of Helsinki, and reviews the impact of student voice on educational practice in Ukrainian higher education institutions on the example of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Igor Sikorsky». It is concluded that in Ukrainian universities, compared to European ones, the concept of cooperation with students as full partners in every aspect of their education has not yet found practical implementation; forms of students’ influence more often relate to socio-cultural and sports areas, organization of leisure and entertainment.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MIXTURE PROCESS RAW MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING CARBON BLACK

It was investigated the technological process of changing the raw material for the production of technical carbon. The expediency of developing a new control system is analyzed. The mathematical model proce-su is developed.The volume of carbon black production in the world does not increase since 2010. Moreover, it will help to increase the quality of help and quality of money in the market.The optimal formulation should be as economically profitable as possible, that is, to choose the highest yield of technical carbon per unit of raw materials. This formulation is currently determined in the laboratory by conducting a series of studies on components. Automated recipe management system does not exist at this time. Since the production of TV raw materials is a combination of many hydrocarbons and all of them are combined with products of the petrochemical or coke industry, through which their composition can fluctuate on a single user, raises questions about the optimal formulation of raw materials for each supplier. To do this, you need to develop a mathematical model that will allow you to predict the review of the process and synthesize optimal control algorithms.In this paper, the actual scientific and practical problem of modeling the static and dynamic regime of the raw material process for the production of technical carbon is considered. The current development was introduced, as well as the possible use of the paths, namely, the synthesis of optimal management of raw recipe management, which can be used to optimize the recipes. This development will allow to optimize the types of use of available resources to increase the productivity of technical carbon production and reduce the number of production units. It improves economic efficiency and reduces the speed of costs, reducing financial costs and giving the opportunity to quasilifting human resources to solve other pressing problems. Transition processes have been built, aimed at the implementation of different models. They attest to the transient process of the first-order links.Because of the significant nonlinearity and dependence, each other influences one another from the proposed automatic system of optimal control of the linearization of the object. For the convenience of further practical use, it is proposed to attract optimal controls at different meanings of the initial rates for further approximation. This will allow the proposed algorithms to be used with fewer technical resources.

ТИПОЛОГІЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ СКОРОЧЕННЯ НЕРІВНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Introduction . Recently there has been an increase in income inequality in almost all countries. This poses a threat to political, economic and social stability in the country. In most countries, there is no strategy to reduce inequality or little attention is paid to it. Therefore, there is a need to develop concrete practical measures to strike a balance between equal access to economic independence and social justice. Purpose . The research aims is to analyze and identify models of reducing inequality (social justice) in the face of global development. Results . Equity is seen as the optimum level of inequality, so a fair distribution of national income (national wealth) is the most important component of socio-economic development that affects economic growth and its determinants. It is established that social justice provides the necessary link between social structure of society and economic efficiency. Five concepts of social justice are analyzed: egalitarian, utilitarian, rosian, market and meritocratic, their principles, main tenets, advantages and disadvantages are revealed. It is established that most modern models of social justice (distribution) are mixed in nature and combine in different proportions the principles of market model, economic efficiency and social justice. Studying the experience of implementation of different models of social justice has allowed to establish the following features: they acquire signs of universality, institutions of equalization and incentive policy are being formed, they are changing according to the spatial, external and internal challenges of the present. It is argued that in today's global development, justice models are gradually transforming and inclusive. The inclusive development model is a hybrid model of social justice that focuses on equitable distribution of goods, sustainable economic growth in incomes and the level of protection and quality of life. Originality . The categorical apparatus of the concept of “justice” has been improved, which, unlike the existing ones, is proposed to be considered as a certain order that ensures equal opportunities for everyone and an honest distribution of wealth, benefits and income between members of society. Scientific and practical approaches to the formation of an inclusive model of social justice are proposed, which is a kind of clone of different models of justice, takes into account the combination of a number of development factors and uses swap mechanisms that will allow moving to a multi-level and multi-polar system of balanced development. Firstly, this is budgetary maneuvering to ensure a minimum level of social protection with the following options: 1) redistribution of current government spending; 2) an increase in tax revenue; 3) expansion of insurance premiums; 4) reducing the illegal movement of financial resources and establishing control over the dynamics of capital; 5) additional assistance, credit or restructuring of existing debt to free up resources; secondly, reorientation to the development of policies aimed at social protection of certain social categories and equalization of income (as is the practice in European countries); thirdly, ensuring conditions of social integration and equality in the provision of common services: expanding universal access to health care, education, and culture. Conclusion . The problem of inequality is perceived when the distribution of common goods is considered unfair. In practice, countries use various types and elements of socio-economic policy that dominate and are implemented in models of state development: liberal-democratic, corporatist (continental), conservative, social-democratic. The universal model of reducing inequality should be an inclusive model of social justice, which follows the principles of: accessibility of basic needs for each member of society; equal access to basic needs: education, medicine, etc.; compensation - the actual distribution between persons of the benefits (income) that the company receives from cost-effective changes. An inclusive justice model should be accompanied by a steady increase in population incomes, economic opportunities, security and quality of life, and not just simple GDP growth.

FORMS OF FINANCIAL INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

In Ukraine, as in other developed countries, transportation is one of the basic sectors of economy and the most important component of industrial infrastructure. Sustainable development of transportation system is a guarantee of the unity of economic space, free movement of goods and services, competition and freedom of economic activity, ensuring the integrity of Ukraine and its national security, improvement of the quality of life of citizens. Studies of the aspects of the formation and implementation of public-private partnerships (PPP) in various sectors of the economy were a part of the research of scholars, such as V. Varnavskyy, V. Geyets, I. Zapatrina, P. Zakharchenko, Y. Zvorykina, V. Kondratiev, T. Lebeda, A. Sosnovskyy, O. Pyltyay and others. The aim of the article is to study the forms of financial cooperation between the state and business in the development of transport infrastructure. Progressive experience shows that implementation of different models of public-private partnership in transport sector, especially in the construction of highways, is gaining significant momentum. From various tools of PPP projects in transport sector the most common are PPP – institutional alternatives that represent specific options of responsibilities distribution between public and private partners and the ability to use different kinds of incentives. The most common PPP models for transport sector include: concession agreements; operator (service) state contract; life cycle contract; lease with investment obligations. The main sources of funding for PPP in road construction projects include: budgets of different levels, private sector funds, resources of financial institutions, funds of international financial institutions and private investors, funds of institutional investors. One of contemporary forms of PPP is infrastructure financing through the issuance of infrastructure bonds. The ability to raise funds of a large number of investors for a relatively low cost makes infrastructure bonds one of the most promising forms of funding for transport infrastructure. The development of public-private partnership in Ukraine, given the limited financial state resources, has to become a factor of economic growth and development of infrastructure sectors

Deep Learning at Scale and at Ease

Recently, deep learning techniques have enjoyed success in various multimedia applications, such as image classification and multimodal data analysis. Large deep learning models are developed for learning rich representations of complex data. There are two challenges to overcome before deep learning can be widely adopted in multimedia and other applications. One is usability, namely the implementation of different models and training algorithms must be done by nonexperts without much effort, especially when the model is large and complex. The other is scalability, namely the deep learning system must be able to provision for a huge demand of computing resources for training large models with massive datasets. To address these two challenges, in this article we design a distributed deep learning platform called SINGA , which has an intuitive programming model based on the common layer abstraction of deep learning models. Good scalability is achieved through flexible distributed training architecture and specific optimization techniques. SINGA runs on both GPUs and CPUs, and we show that it outperforms many other state-of-the-art deep learning systems. Our experience with developing and training deep learning models for real-life multimedia applications in SINGA shows that the platform is both usable and scalable.

Community hierarchy of needs and policing models: toward a new theory of police organizational behavior

This study explains the influences of environmental variables on the emergence of varying policing models. It empirically tests a new perspective on the influences of community variations to police organizational behaviours and practices among local police departments in the U.S. Using the U.S. Census, the Uniform Crime Reports and the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics data, the study tests a perspective suggesting that community hierarchy of needs influences the degree level of the implementation of different models of policing, particularly community policing. The study presents constructs to operationalize hierarchy of needs. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships of hierarchy of needs, organizational factors, and other control variables to police departments’ pursuit of different policing models. Findings suggest that community hierarchy of needs and organizational factors significantly constrain the departments’ implementation of policing models. Lower hierarchy of needs tends to be associated with pursuit of traditional policing while a community with higher level needs tend to pursue community policing. Similarly, organizational complexities influence the implementation of different policing models.

Preferences for the organization of long-term follow-up in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

As survival rates of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients increase, a growing number of AYA cancer survivors need follow-up care. However, there is little research on their preferences for follow-up care. We aimed to (1) describe AYA cancer survivors' preferences for the organization and content of follow-up care, (2) describe their preferences for different models of follow-up, and (3) investigate clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with preferences for the different models. AYA cancer survivors (diagnosed with cancer at age 16-25years; ≥5years after diagnosis) were identified through the Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug. Survivors completed a questionnaire on follow-up attendance, preferences for organizational aspects of follow-up care (what is important during follow-up, what should be included during appointments, what specialists should be involved, location), models of follow-up (telephone/questionnaire, general practitioner (GP), pediatric oncologist, medical oncologist, multidisciplinary team), and sociodemographic characteristics. Information on tumor and treatment was available through the Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug. Of 389 contacted survivors, 160 (41.1%) participated and 92 (57.5%) reported still attending follow-up. Medical aspects of follow-up care were more important than general aspects (p<0.001). Among different organizational models, follow-up by a medical oncologist was rated higher than all other models (p=0.002). Non-attenders of follow-up rated GP-led follow-up significantly higher than attenders (p=0.001). Swiss AYA cancer survivors valued medical content of follow-up and showed a preference for medical oncologist-led follow-up. Implementation of different models of follow-up care might improve accessibility and attendance among AYA cancer survivors.

Evolution of antiretroviral therapy services for HIV-infected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa.

Approaches to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected pregnant women have changed considerably in recent years, but there are few comparative data on the implementation of different models of service delivery. Using routine clinic records we examined ART initiation in pregnant women attending a large antenatal care (ANC) facility between January 2010 and December 2013 in Cape Town, South Africa. Over this time six different service delivery models were implemented sequentially to provide ART in pregnancy, including the integration of ART into ANC, use of point-of-care CD4 cell count testing, and universal ART initiation for all HIV-infected pregnant women. During the study period 19,432 women sought ANC, levels of HIV testing were high (98%) and 30% of pregnant women tested HIV-positive. Integration of ART into ANC was associated with significant increases in the proportion of eligible women initiating treatment before delivery compared to referral to a separate ART clinic (p<0.001). When CD4 cell counts were used to determine ART eligibility, point-of-care testing was associated with decreased delays to ART initiation compared to laboratory-based testing (p<0.001). The strategy of universal ART led to the highest levels of ART initiation (with 92% of women starting before delivery) and the shortest delays, with 82% of women starting ART on the day of the first ANC visit. Developments in service delivery models, most notably service integration and universal ART for pregnant women, have improved antenatal ART initiation dramatically in this setting. Further research is needed into how strategies for antenatal ART initiation impact maternal and child health over the long-term.

P403: Towards personalized integrated dementia care: a qualitative study into the implementation of different models of case management

P403: Towards personalized integrated dementia care: a qualitative study into the implementation of different models of case management

Towards personalized integrated dementia care: a qualitative study into the implementation of different models of case management.

BackgroundThe aim of this process evaluation was to provide insight into facilitators and barriers to the delivery of community-based personalized dementia care of two different case management models, i.e. the linkage model and the combined intensive case management/joint agency model. These two emerging dementia care models differ considerably in the way they are organized and implemented. Insight into facilitators and barriers in the implementation of different models is needed to create future guidelines for successful implementation of case management in other regions.MethodsA qualitative case study design was used; semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders on the execution and continuation phases of the implementation process. The stakeholders represented a broad range of perspectives (i.e. project leaders, case managers, health insurers, municipalities).ResultsThe independence of the case management organization in the intensive model facilitated the implementation, whereas the presence of multiple competing case management providers in the linkage model impeded the implementation. Most impeding factors were found in the linkage model and were related to the organizational structure of the dementia care network and how partners collaborate with each other in this network.ConclusionsThe results of this process evaluation show that the intensive case management model is easier to implement as case managers in this model tend to be more able to provide quality of care, are less impeded by competitiveness of other care organizations and are more closely connected to the expert team than case managers in the linkage model.

The Bologna reform of subject teacher education in the newly founded states in the territory of the former Yugoslavia

The article provides an overview of carrying out the principles of the Bologna reform in the education of subject teachers in the newly founded states in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. Drawing upon official documents, particularly laws and by-laws, study programmes and constituent documents of individual universities, the comparative analysis of the reform processes between 2004 and 2013 is made within a relatively homogeneous area in teacher education that existed before the break-up of the former joint state. Positive effects and weak points of the reform activities are observed and detected. The analysis has shown that by implementing the Bologna process the differences in the training of subject teachers among the states and universities, and even among individual universities, increased significantly compared to the previous state of education. This is evident not only in the simultaneous implementation of different models (i.e., the duration of studies (3+2, 4+1, 5+0), but also in concurrent application of simultaneous and successive forms of acquiring teacher competences, different academic titles, and particularly in the greatest issue - different levels of education at which teachers acquire teaching competences for the same teacher profile.

Fluid film lubrication in the presence of cavitation: a mass-conserving two-dimensional formulation for compressible, piezoviscous and non-Newtonian fluids

A mass-conserving formulation of the Reynolds equation has been recently proposed by some of the authors to deal with cavitation in lubricated contacts [1]. This formulation, based on the mathematical derivation of a linear complementarity problem (LCP), overcomes the drawbacks previously associated with the use of such complementarity formulations for the solution of cavitation problems in which reformation of the liquid film occurs. In the present paper, the methodology favoured in [1], already successfully applied to solve textured bearing and squeeze problems in the presence of cavitation in a one dimensional domain for incompressible fluids, has been extended to include the effects of fluid compressibility, piezoviscosity and the non-Newtonian fluid behaviour and it has been also applied to the analysis of two dimensional problems. The evolution of the cavitated region and the contact pressure distribution are studied for a number of different configurations which can be considered as relevant benchmarks.In particular, some of the results obtained with the proposed scheme are critically analysed and compared with the predictions obtained using alternative formulations, including full CFD calculations. The stability of the proposed algorithm and its flexibility in terms of implementation of different models for compressibility, piezoviscosity and non-Newtonian behaviour are highlighted.

Individual and population level effects of partner notification for Chlamydia trachomatis.

Partner notification (PN or contact tracing) is an important aspect of treating bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis. It facilitates the identification of new infected cases that can be treated through individual case management. PN also acts indirectly by limiting onward transmission in the general population. However, the impact of PN, both at the level of individuals and the population, remains unclear. Since it is difficult to study the effects of PN empirically, mathematical and computational models are useful tools for investigating its potential as a public health intervention. To this end, we developed an individual-based modeling framework called Rstisim. It allows the implementation of different models of STI transmission with various levels of complexity and the reconstruction of the complete dynamic sexual partnership network over any time period. A key feature of this framework is that we can trace an individual’s partnership history in detail and investigate the outcome of different PN strategies for C. trachomatis. For individual case management, the results suggest that notifying three or more partners from the preceding 18 months yields substantial numbers of new cases. In contrast, the successful treatment of current partners is most important for preventing re-infection of index cases and reducing further transmission of C. trachomatis at the population level. The findings of this study demonstrate the difference between individual and population level outcomes of public health interventions for STIs.

Use of the laboratory tests of soil modulus in modelling pile behaviour

Abstract This article deals with the question of theoretical description of behaviour of a single pile rested in a layered soil medium. Particular attention is paid to soil modulus which is used in calculation method for pile load-settlement curve. A brief analysis of the results obtained by laboratory tests to assess soil modulus and its nonlinear variability has been presented. The results of tests have been used in triaxial apparatus and resonant column/torsional shear device. There have also been presented the results of load-settlement calculation for a single pile under axial load with implementation of different models of soil modulus degradation. On this basis, possibilities of using particular kinds of laboratory tests in calculation procedure of foundation settlement have been presented as well as further developments of them.