Implementation Of Decentralization Research Articles

Trends in the Development of the Public Administration System

The paper considers specifics of narrow and broad approaches to public administration that existed in the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as the modern concept of public administration related to the exercise of public power. The causes and periods of the emergence of these concepts are determined. Since public power unites state bodies and local self-government bodies, it is proposed to understand the term «public administration» integrally — as joint, coordinated managerial actions of state and municipal bodies. It is argued that, despite the differences in these concepts, the directions of development of the public administration system are determined by the same trends. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of development of this system, three similar trends are identified. It is shown that the first trend causes a permanent increase in the number of governing bodies (subjects) included in the public administration system. It is determined that at the same time, information communications in the public administration system are growing. Given this circumstance, it is concluded that the second trend in the development of the system is the complication of the architectonics of information communication channels during the transition from one system of public administration to the next generation system, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of management in new socio-economic conditions. It is argued that public administration is carried out through the simultaneous implementation of different management approaches, in particular, centralization and decentralization of management, the use of cybernetic and synergetic tools. In this regard, the third trend in the development of the system under consideration is the transition to a new ideology of convergence of various management mechanisms.

Optimal Scaling Appraisal of Maturity Status of Nigerian Polytechnic Education in Industry 4.0

The first industrial revolution in the 18th century is related to the transformation to mechanization by using hydro power and steam power to second, third and a new concept referred to as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that combine Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with the manufacturing which is seen as a significant paradigm shift in industrial manufacturing, named as Industry 4.0 (4IR). This study explored the perspectives of people on the lingering issue of maturity of Nigerian Polytechnics in terms of 4th industrial revolution; thus, the paper aimed at appraising the maturity status of Nigerian polytechnics in the industry 4.0 using Optimal Categorical Scaling Regression (Catreg). Data collection was cross-region in Nigeria. This research used the stratified sampling method to ensure a proper spread and it was designed in line with descriptive survey, systematically examining the maturity status of their institution on 4IR through the primary data collected with the aid of questionnaire and focus group discussion from the stakeholders in private and public Nigerian polytechnics. The data were sourced from 18 Polytechnics, 1 each from federal, state and private in each geographical zone. Inferential statistical tools of optimal scaling regression analysis were deployed. The analysis inferred that eagerness of leaders and competence as well as modern ICT and mobile devices are fully mature but implementation of 4IR road-map, decentralization, modelling and simulation, sharing knowledge and open innovation, ICT competence and openness to new technology are still maturing. It is recommended that the educational policy and a blueprint of education for Industry 4.0 should be formulated and implemented to meet the global standard of education.

IMPLEMENTASI DESENTRALISASI FISKAL DALAM UPAYA MENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN DAN KOTA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

The implementation of fiscal decentralization is driven by the belief that the regional government is the vehicle that best understands the needs of regional communities rather than the central government. This delegation of authority is then followed by budget allocation and provision of public goods to the regional government. This then opens up a new assessment that simply fiscal decentralization has an impact on poverty alleviation. However, the report on the implementation of fiscal decentralization over two decades in Indonesia shows that the rapidly increasing allocation of transfer funds has not been accompanied by a rapid reduction in poverty rates. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of fiscal decentralization indicators on the percentage of poverty, namely local government revenue, fiscal balance transfers and local government spending. By using Panel Least Square (PLS) regression estimates, we used specific samples based on districts and cities in West Java from 2014 to 2019. The regression results show that regional income can significantly reduce poverty, while the allocation of fiscal balance transfers makes poverty increase. Apart from that, local government spending was found to have no significant influence on the percentage of poverty. This paper is expected to help the government in carrying out financial management that is right on target. The ineffective allocation of balanced transfers in West Java needs to be responded by the regional government according to the priority scale in each disctrict or city.

Exercise of State Control over Local Self-Government in the Field of Environmental Protection

Today, environmental protection is a priority task for the governments of countries around the world due to the deepening of environmental problems and their impact on people's lives. Several problematic issues can and must be solved at the local level, which will make environmental policy more effective and take into account local needs. The study aimed to analyse the competence of local self-government bodies in terms of monitoring compliance with environmental legislation. A comparative analysis was used to study the issue of ensuring the protection of the environment and ecosystem by local self-government bodies through the prism of legal protection. During the research, several obstacles to the implementation of effective environmental protection measures at the local level were identified: the imperfection of the financing system, the lack of environmental awareness, the absence of effective administrative and procedural measures, and the imperfection of state control. In response to the identified problems, the positive experience of implementing the norms of the European Charter of Local Self-Government was investigated. It was established that the decentralization of local self-government had a positive effect on the protection of the ecosystem, as it brought local authorities closer to the public and provided local authorities with real powers to solve problems related to compliance with environmental legislation. In addition, to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms of state control over local self-government in the field of environmental protection, a system of principles of such control is proposed, consisting of publicity, systematicity, effectiveness, objectivity, impartiality, and universality. The proposed system will cover several key environmental problems and quickly and effectively solve them with the involvement of competent specialists and the public. The state of environmental protection at the local level is seen in further research and justification to determine practical recommendations for the implementation of decentralization of local self-government.

THE CONSOLIDATION OF LIMITED POWERS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE (A NEW CLARIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF RDTL/2002), IN ACTUALIZATION, 2024.

Introduction: The present legislator of Timor -Leste has not yet satisfied its obligatory duty to oversee the ordinary laws provided for in the constitutional text, especially those related to the connection and application of the policy of political-administrative decentralization, in line with the national constitution. of Timor-Leste the Central Government still collects all the power. In order to change this situation, it is urgent that the present ordinary legislator create laws on decentralization, so that it can strengthen the existence of local power, and, subsequently, to reach democratization. Objective: The key or main objectives of the power in implementation of decentralization is a democratization defended of administration power. Discussion: It is about giving opportunity to the delegation of authority to limited governments and societies, of central very position due to the administrative and political heterogeneity they have. The specific functions will be returned to the Municipalities, complete a process of consultation with the Ministries and then specified in the proposal for an organic Law on Local Government, with flexibility to adjust the subsequent and connected legal instruments. The application of the principle of democratization, can limited citizens have access to the decision-making process and the application of municipal procedures, with the development of the country. Conclusion: In order to reach this goalmouth, it is urgently essential to realize the reality of application or implementation of this model. The sovereignty body, of any kind the Ordinary Legislator, shall, with the out most urgency as possible, draw up the Local Government Act (Provided for in Article 72/CDRTL-2002), the Law on the Division of the Administrative Organization (provided for in Article 71/CDRTL-2002) and the Law on Territorial Division (Provided for in Article 5/CDRTL-2002) , which always actualization and updated in the context of the Rule of Law of Democratic, Timor-Leste with regarding to all the laws of Nation cited by (Corte Real AG & Faria V.S., 2024).

Aspek Kinerja Keuangan Daerah yang Berdampak Pada Pembangunan Manusia di Daerah Pemekaran

Is it true that the implementation of fiscal decentralization through the expansion of regions can have a significant impact on development and improve the welfare of people in the regions? This study aims to analyze the influence of the government's financial performance after the division in influencing the Human Development Index as an indicator of successful development and community welfare in the regions. The research method was conducted by using multiple linear regression analysis that processed financial ratio data from the APBD Report of Kepulauan Meranti Regency from 2010 to 2022. The results showed that financial performance as measured by PAD Effectiveness, Capital Expenditure Ratio, PAD Growth, and Financial Independence has a significant effect on the Index of Human Development, while the Efficiency of Regional Expenditure has no effect.

Assessing decentralized groundwater governance performance in the lower Mekong region: The case of Khon Kaen province, Thailand

Decentralized groundwater management has been implemented in various forms in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) aiming to improve the sustainability and equity of groundwater (GW) management. However, fragmented implementation and unclear delegation of responsibilities have hindered the success of these approaches. The Royal Thai government has been a pioneer in introducing comprehensive groundwater policies and has implemented formal measures for GW management for over five decades, including the decentralized GW management model introduced in 2011. This study examined the performance of GW governance (GWG) in the LMR through the case of Khon Kaen province, Thailand, and using the OECD water framework with contextualized indicators. Sen's slope estimation and the Mann-Kendal test were also utilized to look into the patterns of groundwater extraction data in the study area from 2000 to 2019 in relation to the policy timeline analysis.The findings revealed a significant increase in GW extraction for business usage after the implementation of decentralization, driven by urbanization, and economic and tourist development. The research also found that the rise of new water actors with divergent interests, marginalization, the absence of non-governmental actors, and a lack of scientific and technical capacities prevent the effective GWG. However, the study discovered that the majority of GWG principles are favorably related to one another, with regulatory frameworks, defined roles and duties, and coherent policy being closely associated with most GWG principles. On the other hand, trade-offs across sectors and users were seen to have a detrimental effect on other GWG principles. The findings contribute to evolving the GWG Theory of Change (TOC), centering on GW users. This challenges the conventional idea of addressing water shortage solely through increased infrastructure, emphasizes institutional pluralism and scientific evidence for market-based mechanisms, and addresses GW use disparities.

The Formation of the New Autonomous Region of Papua and Welfare Guarantees in the Decentralization Policy

The instrument for regional structuring, particularly regional expansion leading to new autonomous regions, can be seen as a rational and logical implication of decentralization implementation. Decentralization, in turn, played a pivotal role in shaping the grand design of regional planning (Desertada) up until the imposition of a regional expansion moratorium in late 2009. This research employs a qualitative methodology, a case study approach, chosen due to its adaptability and effectiveness in addressing dynamic and unpredictable social contexts. The focal point of this study revolved around the narratives underlying the formation of new autonomous regions (DOB) in Papua, particularly emphasizing the discourse on welfare. The government has actively promoted narratives of welfare motives and national strategic interests. The government has actively promoted narratives of welfare motives and national strategic interests. Despite the expansion of the Papua region and the implementation of special autonomy, it is observed that these initiatives have not significantly contributed to development. Notably, the expansion process in Papua, marred by alleged procedural and material deficiencies, took place without indigenous Papuans' meaningful participation and consultation.

Advantages and disadvantages o the establishment of local self-government in the Federal Republic of Germany during the First World War

The scientific article is devoted to the issue of researching the advantages and disadvantages of the formation and development of local self­government in Germany in the period before the First World War, when it was Germany that chose the model of local self-government. The article reveals the main issues of the genesis of local self-government in Germany. The article reveals the issues of legislative regulation of local self­government in Germany at various historical stages. The scientific article states that by the end of the 19th century. only Prussia retained open voting, and other parts of the German Empire implemented secret voting; the principles of counting votes also differed; with the same number of votes, a draw was held; in Bavaria and Baden at the beginning of the 20th century. the system of proportional representation was introduced. The article stated that the specified period included demands for universal secret direct suffrage for all German citizens aged 20 and over, proportional elections, full provincial, district and community self-government through officials elected on the basis of universal suffrage, and stipulated the abolition of all local governments appointed by the state. The struggle for universal suffrage is revealed, gender policy in the field of local self­government is given, in particular, the possibility of women to participate in the work of executive commissions that dealt with issues of care, public education and sanitation at local authorities, and the legislative prerequisites for this are indicated. It was determined that during the creation of the German model of local self-government in the 19th century. English local self-government was taken as a model. The article examines the implementation of bureaucratic decentralization and integration of local self-government into the system of state authorities. It was stated that the corresponding period in Germany was spent in search of a suitable model of implementation of local government, the choice of English or French in particular.

Foreign Aid, Decentralization, Local Governance and Service Delivery in Local Governments: A Case Study of Rumbek Central County South Sudan

The study focused on foreign aid, decentralization, and local administration to examine the gap in service delivery in Rumbek County, South Sudan. The study's goals were to investigate the connections between foreign assistance and service provision, the connections between foreign assistance, local governance, and service provision, and the study factor structure between foreign assistance, decentralization, local governance, and service provision. The study population consisted of 75,000 respondents, and the research style was a case study and descriptive research design. It used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to gather data from this population. The sample of 382 respondents was chosen using simple random sampling. Only 352 were considered for analysis. The descriptive analysis option of SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data before it was presented using Spearman's correlation, multiple regression, and factor structure loadings to show the relationship and prediction for international aid, decentralization, local governance, and service delivery, respectively. The major findings of the study were that there is a significant positive correlation between; foreign aid and service delivery (r = 0.728, P-value < 0.01), decentralization and service delivery (r = 0.544, P-value < 0.01), local governance and service delivery (r = 0.776, P-value < 0.01) and foreign aid, decentralization and local governance influenced 62.9% the level of service delivery. The study suggests that the county implements control measures to guarantee that funds are used for the proper purposes in the counties because research revealed that services were not worth the district budget. Adequate research should be conducted at the community level to identify services needed by the people to draw sufficient budgets for the implementation of foreign aid, decentralization, and local government.

Reconstructing Legal Frameworks: Central-Local Government Collaboration during the Pandemic in Indonesia

This research discusses the issue of centralization and decentralization in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Indonesian context. Criticism of decentralization in COVID-19 was conveyed by Smith (2012), who considered it a form of centralization that strengthens narrow interests and threatens the public interest. This research also looks at the implementation of health decentralization in Natuna, which is experiencing severe challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, lack of timely available funds, and inadequate availability of vaccines and medical materials. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised challenges in coordinating and managing responses in various countries, with some adopting a centralized approach and others favoring decentralization. This research tries to explore the legal links between the central and regional governments in handling COVID-19 in Indonesia, with a focus on the impact of existing regulations such as Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine regarding cooperation and coordination between the central and regional governments in handling the pandemic. This research is vital because COVID-19 is a global health crisis affecting various social, economic, and political aspects. With a better understanding of the legal relationship between central and regional governments in handling the pandemic, it is hoped that response coordination and effectiveness can be improved, thereby saving lives and reducing adverse social and economic impacts. This research has the advantage of focusing on the legal relationship between the central and regional governments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and recommendations for reconstructing this legal relationship by referring to the 1945 Constitution. Good collaboration between the central and regional governments is considered vital in handling the COVID-19 pandemic -19 in the future.

The Promise of Fiscal Decentralization on the Threat of Poverty Rates in Special Region

This study aims to determine the effect of the fiscal decentralization component on poverty, directly or indirectly, through pro-poor expenditures in Special Regions of Yogyakarta. The Privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta mentioned what distinguishes it from the other provinces so that it is called a special region is the privilege to establish a social order that guarantees diversity and the critical role of the Sultanate and Duchy of Pakualaman in preserving culture. However, poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is spread in every district. On the other side, more than two decades of efforts to address poverty have been through fiscal decentralization. During the era of fiscal decentralization, there were problems from the revenue and expenditure sides. It is a question related to the successful implementation of fiscal decentralization. This study uses path analysis with secondary data. The result of this study is that the component of local revenue can play a role in poverty reduction directly through local-own source revenue. The indirectly effect shows that poverty alleviation can also be done through the role of local-own source revenue through pro-poor expenditure instruments.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dan Belanja Modal Pada Peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2015 – 2022

The implementation of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization gives regional governments the authority to increase regional revenues and realize distributive benefits so that they can determine regional development priorities. This human development concept prioritizes four elements, including productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The aim of this research is to understand how capital expenditure and PAD influence increasing the human development index. DKI Jakarta Province was the location for this research. The 2015-2022 APBD Performance Report and 2015-2022 HDI statistics are secondary data sources used in this research. By using multiple regression analysis, the requirements for traditional hypothesis testing and model feasibility testing are met. Regional initial income does not have a positive impact on the human development index. Capital expenditure does not have a negative impact on the human development index. For simultaneous calculations (F statistical testing), the conclusion is that regional sources of income and capital expenditure simultaneously influence the human development index. Based on hypothesis testing, it shows that PAD and capital expenditure have a positive and significant effect on increasing the human development index. This positive and significant influence means that the more PAD and capital expenditure increase, the higher the HDI will be. This increase was due to the allocation of initial regional income and investment expenditure being used well so that planned activities could be carried out smoothly.

Fiscal decentralisation and public service delivery: evidence and lessons from sub-national governments in Kenya

This paper provides empirical evidence on the effects of fiscal decentralisation on public service delivery in devolved systems of government in Kenya. A qualitative study interviewed 126 respondents and held two focus group discussions with key stakeholders from within two of Kenya’s 47 counties: Kiambu and Nairobi City. The paper focuses on key elements of fiscal decentralisation, namely: expenditure responsibilities, revenue autonomy and borrowing powers. Public service delivery was examined using affordability as a key measure of the quality of services. Results show that fiscal decentralisation did not necessarily lead to more affordable public services as there were significant contextual factors such as corruption, legal structures, cultural values, belief systems, pressure to conform and change agents that moderated this relationship. Corruption made public services less affordable in both counties, while Nairobi Metropolitan Services emerged as a change agent that improved the affordability of specific public services within Nairobi City county. The paper outlines a conceptual framework for further research into implementation of fiscal decentralisation in Kenya and elsewhere, especially in Africa, and calls for more qualitative studies, especially longitudinal studies, case studies and ethnographic approaches to enrich knowledge in this field.

Investigating freedom to learn program as form of education decentralization in Indonesia

Education is one of Indonesia's goals as stated in the fourth paragraph of the 1945 Constitution. However, the decentralization problem of education through transformational schools found various obstacles. This study aims to explore the problems of decentralization of education of the Freedom to Learn program through transformational schools spread throughout Indonesia. This study used the literature study method obtained from literature and books and with VOSViewer software which analysed 2.339 social articles discussing decentralization. The results of the research showed that decentralization implementation of education through transformational schools met obstacles such as inadequate facilities and many teachers are struggling to use technology, so the decentralization process is not maximal. The researchers suggest that the government should provide space for policy targets from lower levels spread throughout Indonesia so that the education decentralization process can run.

Fiscal Decentralization and Corruption: The Facts of Regional Autonomy Policies in Indonesia

Decentralization has posed new problems in Indonesian local governments, including disparities between regions, poor public services, fiscal indiscipline, and corruption cases. Before the implementation of regional autonomy, corruption cases were reported only in a few regions. A year after decentralization started, in 2002, more corruption cases were reported in more regions nationwide. The irony is that such decentralization, initiated to reduce corruption in the government, ended up with more corruption in the regions. This study investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralization—as proxied by capital expenditure and fiscal independence index—and the corruption index. This study also analyzes the macro factors and regional characteristics: inflation, civil servants’ salaries, education levels, and the differences in the corruption index at the regional level. The method used in this study is regression analysis by using panel data from longitudinal studies involving 15 cities in Indonesia in 2008, 2010, 2015, and 2017. The finding shows that the relationship of fiscal decentralization—expenditure, inflation rates, civil servants’ salaries, and local corruption—are not statistically significant to the corruption index. By contrast, the relationship between the fiscal independence index and educational level are statistically significant. The implementation of fiscal decentralization on expenditure increases corruption risks due to ineffective budget management, individual corrupt tendencies, and weak supervision system. Meanwhile, fair allocation of local income can increase public trust and prosperity and lower corruption risks.

Implementation of Local Government and Decentralization within City: A Qualitative Study in Jakarta, Indonesia

This study aims to understand the institutional arrangement of city administration at the local government level based on a public policy perspective. This research is very significant for policy improvement at the ontological and sociological levels and is very interesting to study by conducting qualitative research methods. Data was collected through in-depth interview, documentation and observation. Data analysis used data reduction, data display, and data verification and was supported by triangulation. The results are categorized into several themes. Based on these results, they are ontologically and sociologically useful for improving policies and practices as well as providing information to relevant stakeholders as input for making better regulations.

Constitutional-legal and socio-political problems of Ukrainian statehood: history and modernity

The article highlights the doctrinal and applied political and legal problems of the genesis and development of Ukrainian statehood in the context of today’s challenges.It is proven that Ukrainian statehood is an inviolable requirement of the existence of the Ukrainian people and their sovereign will, the entire centuries-old history of Ukrainian statehood and the right to self-determination exercised by the Ukrainian nation, the entire Ukrainian people. This is a determining factor in strengthening civil harmony on the land of Ukraine and the foundation of the national identity of the Ukrainian people, national patriotic consciousness and spirituality. Preservation of the foundations of national statehood, protection of the state sovereignty of Ukraine, the integrity and inviolability of its territory determines the content and direction of the state’s foreign and domestic policy and is the object of Ukraine’s national security, the cause of the entire Ukrainian people. The problems of the history, theory and practice of Ukrainian state-building in the conditions of full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the Russian-Ukrainian war are considered. It is proven that the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian state faced a number of complex systemic internal and external threats and challenges, primarily related to such fundamental constitutional values as sovereignty, independence, freedom, democracy, territorial integrity, etc. Parallels are drawn between the historical past and the present in the context of the relationship between Ukrainian statehood and Horde Muscovy. It is proven that statehood is a broad, multi-structural concept that consists of various elements, one of which is the state. At the same time, statehood and the stateare concepts that do not coincide, they cannot be equated. The concept of «statehood» in the categorical apparatus of modern political and legal science performs a number of explanatory, axiological and identifying functions that reveal the substantive and formal-legal specificity of various stages of this process in the direction of the formation of a sovereign state and its institutions The conceptual issues of the human dimension of Ukrainian statehood, the strategy of its development through the prism of the realization and protection of human right sare considered. Attention is focused on the fundamental challenges of modernization of Ukrainian statehood from the standpoint of the principles of classical constitutionalism. Certain trends in the development of Ukrainian statehood in the aspect of the formationof civil society in Ukraine, institutions of a social legal state, parliamentarism and implementation of power decentralization are outlined. Key words: statehood, state, Ukrainian people, society, public power, democracy,constitutional reform.

Comparative Study of Public Services in Pangalengan and Coblong Districts

Public services are all activities in the framework of fulfilling basic needs in accordance with the basic rights of every citizen and resident over goods, services and or administrative services provided by service providers related to public interests. Communities as customers have needs and expectations for the performance of professional public service providers. The task of the Central Government and Regional Governments is to provide public services that are able to satisfy the public. The implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy policies in Indonesia has resulted in local governments having the responsibility and authority to determine minimum service standards. The fundamental problem in the process of public service in Indonesia is about ethics. There are no universal standards regarding norms or ethics as well as sanctions that specifically regulate violations committed by officials in public services.

Accountability of Village Fund Allocation Management in The Administrative State of Wailola Village, Bula District, East Seram Regency

Regional autonomy mandates equitable regulation, distribution, and utilization of national resources, as well as central and regional financial balance within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The implementation of decentralization is in line with the democratic agenda and the goal of realizing prosperity. With decentralization, democratic public decisions can be guaranteed, as well as better public services. The ongoing decentralization process has provided awareness about the importance of regional independence which relies on empowering local potential. Village autonomy also aims to generate local potential and initiatives, create equity and justice and empower people's power at the grass root level. This stage is considered very crucial because it is believed to be able to bring development achievements, namely welfare, closer to the bottom people. Rural communities can feel the impact of development directly and can enjoy good public services from the government, including through Village Fund Allocation Management. This study uses descriptive research with data sources in this study are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, data analysis techniques used to decrypt research data in accordance with the variables to be studied and do not test hypotheses but explain and analyze the phenomenon under study