Implementation Of Control Activities Research Articles

Determining the stages of external and internal financial control

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the determination of the stages of external and internal financial control over the activities of economic entities, including budgetary institutions. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the composition, content and sequence of stages of external and internal financial control, the implementation of which ensures an improvement of the efficiency of control over the functioning of economic entities, the quality of organization and the implementation of control activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of detailing, generalization, observation, comparison, and grouping. Results. The article summarizes the approaches known in regulatory legal acts and specialized literature to the allocation of stages of organization and conduct of financial control, substantiates the expediency of distinguishing the stages of control activities and the stages of implementation of control measures, and offers the author-developed version of the allocation of stages of internal financial control based on a risk-oriented approach. Conclusions. When developing organizational and methodological support for certain types of financial control, it is necessary to distinguish between the stages of control activities and the stages of control measures. When distinguishing the stages of external and internal financial control, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the implementation of each of them. The results obtained can contribute to the development of organizational and methodological provisions of financial control.

Outbreaks of autochthonous Dengue in Lazio region, Italy, August to September 2023: preliminary investigation.

Between August and September 2023, three distinct autochthonous dengue virus transmission events occurred in Lazio, Italy, with the main event in Rome. The events involved three different dengue serotypes. No link with previous imported cases was identified. Here we describe the epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of the first autochthonous cases and the implemented control actions. The multiple transmission events call for a strengthening of the vector control strategies and future research to better characterise the risk in countries like Italy.

Distributed and Localized Model-Predictive Control–Part I: Synthesis and Implementation

The increasing presence of large-scale distributed systems highlights the need for scalable control strategies where only local communication is required. Moreover, in safety-critical systems it is imperative that such control strategies handle constraints in the presence of disturbances. In response to this need, we present the Distributed and Localized Model Predictive Control (DLMPC) algorithm for large-scale linear systems. DLMPC is a distributed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">closed-loop</i> model predictive control (MPC) scheme wherein only local state and model information needs to be exchanged between subsystems for the computation and implementation of control actions. We use the System Level Synthesis (SLS) framework to reformulate the centralized MPC problem, and show that this allows us to naturally impose localized communication constraints between sub-controllers. The structure of the resulting problem can be exploited to develop an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) based algorithm that allows for distributed and localized computation of closed-loop control policies. We demonstrate that computational complexity of the subproblems solved by each subsystem in DLMPC is independent of the size of the global system. DLMPC is the first MPC algorithm that allows for the scalable computation and implementation of distributed closed-loop control policies, and deals with additive disturbances. In our companion paper, we show that this approach enjoys recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability.

Interacting With COVID-19: How Population Behavior, Feedback and Memory Shaped Recurrent Waves of the Epidemic

Until the approval of vaccines at the end of 2020, societies relied on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in order to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Spontaneous changes in individual behavior might have contributed to or counteracted epidemic control due to NPIs. For example, the population compliance to NPIs may have varied over time as people developed “epidemic fatigue” or altered their perception of the risk and severity of COVID-19. Whereas official measures are well documented, the behavioral response of the citizens is harder to capture. We propose a mathematical model of the societal response, taking into account three main effects: the citizen response dynamics, the authorities’ NPIs, and the occurrence of unpreventable events that significantly alter the virus transmission rate. A key assumption is that a society has a waning memory of the epidemic effects, which reflects on both the severity of the authorities’ NPIs and on the citizens’ compliance to the prescribed rules. This, in turn, feeds back onto the transmission rate of the disease, such that a higher number of hospitalizations decreases the probability of transmission. We show that the model is able to reproduce the COVID-19 dynamics in terms of hospital admissions for several European countries during 2020 over surprisingly long time scales. Also, it is capable of capturing the effects of disturbances (for example the emergence of new virus variants) and can be exploited for implementing control actions to limit such effects. A possible application, illustrated in this letter, consists of exploiting the estimations based on the data of one country, to predict and control the evolution in another country, where the virus spreading is still in an earlier phase.

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis with economic and public health importance. Cysticercosis is widely present in low-income countries with extensive pig breeding systems and poor human hygiene practices. In Burkina Faso, a study on porcine cysticercosis has been done only in Boulkiemde province. There is a lack of serological data on this disease in other areas, such as Balés province in the Boucle du Mouhoun region. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso. A total of 373 serum samples were collected from local breed pigs that were randomly selected from four villages in the mentioned region. Data were also collected using a structured questionnaire to determine explanatory factors for the infection. Serum samples were tested using an antigen ELISA test to detect circulating antigens of Tænia solium. The prevalence of the disease was 54.9% (95% CI = 49.8-59.9). Following univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, pigs originating from Kombia were found to be a protective factor (OR=0.54, 95% CI = 0.33-0.89). Male pigs were more likely to be infected than females (OR= 1.7, 95% CI = 1.09-2.64). The prevalence and factors associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis were identified and according to these data, porcine cysticercosis had a high prevalence in this area. Therefore, it is important to implement control actions focusing on disease control and public health for people infected with Taenia solium.

Distributed Power Optimization of Large Wind Farms Using ADMM for Real-Time Control

In a wind farm, the interactions between turbines caused by wakes can significantly reduce the power output of the wind farm. Cooperative control among the turbines has the potential to improve the power output. However, existing centralized power optimization methods are computationally expensive and does not scale well for large wind farms, limiting their practical use in real-time control for time-varying wind conditions and turbine configuration (with adding or maintaining of turbines). To address this problem, this paper proposes a fully distributed power optimization method for wind farms using alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed method allows the wind farm power output to be optimized in fully distributed manner with turbine-to-turbine message passing over a mesh network, guarantees the implemented control actions satisfy the control constraints of all turbines, and provably converges to a stationary point of the wind farm power optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the computation time with hardly sacrificing the power gain compared with centralized method and thus is computationally efficient for real-time power optimization of large wind farms.

The concept of evelopment of digitalization of complex land reclamation

Relevance. The growing population and fierce competition in the global and domestic markets for food products have determined the priority of the digitalization of the reclamation water management complex. The purpose of the work is to highlight the fundamental approaches and promising areas of digitalization of integrated land reclamation.Methods. The research was based on a systematic approach to the digitalization of land reclamation activities. The results of the analysis of practical experience and the integration of publications of domestic and foreign scientists are supplemented with indicators of heuristic forecasts for the effectiveness of the modernization of production processes and land reclamation enterprises, materials for processing statistical data on the use of digital solutions in agricultural production using instrumental methods and experimental calculations.Results. The analysis of the current state of digitalization of the sphere of land reclamation activities of the domestic agro-industrial complex has been carried out. The need for modernization of land reclamation facilities based on digital solutions for the technological processes of their design, construction and operation has been identified. The goals and objectives of digitalization of measures, engineering systems and land reclamation facilities are formulated. Promising directions of digital solutions for land reclamation processes based on a platform approach are presented. The structure of the “Digital Reclamation” platform includes functional modules: "Efficient Reclamation and Water Management Complex", "Intellectual Reclamation System", "Smart Reclaimable Field", "Safe Reclamation", "Competitive Enterprise" and "Professional Reclamation", which integrate the entire scope of knowledge, information and data in the field of land reclamation activities, necessary for decision-making and implementation of control actions. The basic tools for the creation, construction and operation of the software and technological complex for the digitalization of the crop production system of reclaimed lands have been determined. The area of expected results of the introduction of digital solutions into the practice of the reclamation sector of the agro-industrial complex has been highlighted. It should be noted that the upcoming global digitalization of land reclamation is inevitable. In the end, those enterprises will win, whose managers understand this earlier, and will begin to introduce digital systems not only within individual technological processes, but also in a complex way.

Designing a 3D virtual test platform for evaluating prosthetic knee joint performance during the walking cycle

AbstractThis article introduced a three-dimension CAD model of a prosthesis testing platform using SolidWorks software to conduct a kinematic and dynamic analysis of the transfemoral prosthesis of the virtual model. Concurrently, the event-based motion simulation (EBMS) procedure was carried out on the CAD model. The concept of the operational strategy of the test platform was clarified through the machine’s real-life experience before being constructedin vitro. The platform model is capable of reproducing two active movements to simulate the locomotion of the thigh angle and hip vertical displacement for assessing the artificial knee angle motion during the gait cycle. These motions were controlled by two rotary forces (motors) that are utilized to implement control actions in EBMS. The prosthetic knee joint was built with a single axis that performs flexion and extension via the axial force of the spring. The simulation results of the thigh angle motion ranged from20°2{0}^{^\circ }to−15°-1{5}^{^\circ }, while the maximum flexion of the prosthetic knee joint was (46°4{6}^{^\circ }). The mean absolute error was (2.727°2.72{7}^{^\circ }) and (8.338°8.33{8}^{^\circ }) for the thigh and knee joints, respectively. In conclusion, the findings can be utilized to facilitate the design and development of prostheses.

CLASSIFICATION OF TYPES AND FORMS OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL

Introduction. Classification of types and forms is important for systematization of knowledge about control, substantiation of control provisions in an economic entity, development of ideas about its possible interpretation, which has a direct impact on practical implementation. Currently, the authors differ in their ideas about the classifi-cation of types and forms of internal financial control, and the insufficiency of its leg-islative regulation leads to an increase in research interest in the implementation of control activities. The purpose of the work is to study the problems of classification of types and forms of internal financial control, as well as to develop proposals that de-velop theoretical ideas about internal financial control. Methods. The research is based on methods of generalization, systematization, comparative analysis of research materials of domestic scientists and the content of normative legal acts, as well as methods of classification and grouping. Results. The authors systematized approaches to the classification of types and forms of control, including internal financial control. The relationship between the concepts of "type" and "form" is concretized on the basis of a philosophical interpretation. New classification features of forms of internal fi-nancial control are proposed, their content and directions of practical application in the implementation of control activities are disclosed. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the essence of the classified categories in the formation of a sci-entifically based classification of types and forms of internal financial control. The importance of substantiating the directions of practical use in the development of new classification features is noted.

Automated control of complex metallurgical units based on the CBR method

The paper considers the actual problem of human-machine control of complex technological units and complexes, which are characterized by a large variety of states, multidimensionality, variability, and uncertainty. Such units in the ferrous metallurgy include coke batteries, blast furnaces, steelmaking units (arc furnaces, oxygen converters), foundry and rolling complexes, rolling mills, main workshops and production facilities. The effectiveness of the model approach to the creation of control systems for such objects is shown to be insufficient for the XXI century. Alternative approaches based on the concept of best reasoning (CBR) are considered. In particular, they include full-scale model and full-scale approaches to the development of support systems and management decision-making. The well-known full-scale model procedures for applying the best reasoning (methods of typical situations and exemplary technological cycles) are presented. The authors propose a new CBR method of automated selection and implementation of control actions with the participation of process operators for process control systems. A modified CBR-cycle of control selection and the corresponding functional scheme of the software control system for a cyclic technological unit were developed. The improved CBR-cycle includes the following additional operations: correction of control decisions for selected cases; retrospective optimization of implemented control decisions; preservation of not only the best and optimized, but also erroneous decisions; updating of the case base; formation of solutions in unique or previously unreported situations. The structure of the case information model is formed on the example of software control of steel melting in the conditions of an oxygen converter shop. It includes three sections: data on the specific situation in the control system, parameters of the selected control actions, and results of steel melting. An example of the control program formation for the preparation and execution of the upcoming steel melting is based on the data of a pre-selected melting case in the conditions of a modern oxygen converter process.

The Influence of Organizational Leadership to Enterprise Risk Management

Enterprise Risk Management assists organizations in reducing potential risk; it is a strategic approach to control the risk that the business may face. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of organizational leadership on the implementation of enterprise risk management in Toms World Philippines. An assessment was conducted to determine the influence of organizational leadership on the implementation of control activities in the organization. The study was based on descriptive research design involving a quantitative approach. Data gathered were processed statistically using the SPSS by the Centro Escolar University Data Processing Center, and presented using the percentage, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation analysis. The overall analysis revealed that the relationship between the extent of the implementation of enterprise risk management control activities and organizational leadership of Toms World Philippines was significant. However, the implementation of enterprise risk management in the organization and organization leadership can be further improved by a thorough application of the policies and procedures in controlling threats to the organization. There is a significant relationship between the organizational leadership in the implementation of enterprise risk management of Toms World Philippines. It recommends that other researchers along the field can look into the conduct of similar studies that would highlight the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management.

The Influence of Organizational Leadership to Enterprise Risk Management

Enterprise Risk Management assists organizations in reducing potential risk; it is a strategic approach to control the risk that the business may face. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of organizational leadership on the implementation of enterprise risk management in Toms World Philippines. An assessment was conducted to determine the influence of organizational leadership on the implementation of control activities in the organization. The study was based on descriptive research design involving a quantitative approach. Data gathered were processed statistically using the SPSS by the Centro Escolar University Data Processing Center, and presented using the percentage, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation analysis. The overall analysis revealed that the relationship between the extent of the implementation of enterprise risk management control activities and organizational leadership of Toms World Philippines was significant. However, the implementation of enterprise risk management in the organization and organization leadership can be further improved by a thorough application of the policies and procedures in controlling threats to the organization. There is a significant relationship between the organizational leadership in the implementation of enterprise risk management of Toms World Philippines. It recommends that other researchers along the field can look into the conduct of similar studies that would highlight the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management.

Optimal Policy for Controlling Two-Server Queueing Systems with Jockeying

This paper studies the optimal policy for joint control of admission, routing, service, and jockeying in a queueing system consisting of two exponential servers in parallel. Jobs arrive according to a Poisson process. Upon each arrival, an admission/routing decision is made, and the accepted job is routed to one of the two servers with each being associated with a queue. After each service completion, the servers have an option of serving a job from its own queue, serving a jockeying job from another queue, or staying idle. The system performance is inclusive of the revenues from accepted jobs, the costs of holding jobs in queues, the service costs and the job jockeying costs. To maximize the total expected discounted return, we formulate a Markov decision process (MDP) model for this system. The value iteration method is employed to characterize the optimal policy as a hedging point policy. Numerical studies verify the structure of the hedging point policy which is convenient for implementing control actions in practice.

Fuzzy Model of Situational Control of the Flight Parameters of an Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft under Uncertainty Conditions

The article outlines the main problems of automatic planning of the behavior of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle in unstable air conditions. It is shown that the urgency of the problem is due to the fact that an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle independently forms and implements its flight route without support from a ground control station. There is therefore a need to develop a method for automatic control of programmed movements associated with the implementation of the route constructed by the problem solver. To solve this problem we propose an approach to regulating the parameters of the state of dynamic objects based on the principle of situational control of the goal-directed behavior of complex systems in changing environmental conditions. The expediency of choosing this control principle is due to the fact that the state of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle during its flight is characterized by a large number of parameters and disturbing environmental factors. In order to effectively implement this control principle, we introduce the concept of a complete problematic situation, which consists of deviations of the state parameters of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle from the required values during flight and disturbing environmental factors. On this basis, a fuzzy model of situational control of the state parameters of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle functioning in an unstable environment is developed, in which linguistic variables and functions are used to provide a generalized presentation of reference problem situations, as well as to describe the deviations of the state parameters and disturbing environmental factors. The conditions are determined under which the reference indistinctly presented problem situations generalize the actual problem situations that arise at the control object. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of logical-transformational decision rules in the situational control model and to promptly automatically determine effective control actions in problematic situations that ensure the effective implementation of programmed movements of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle under conditions of uncertainty. In conclusion, it is shown that for the implementation of control actions which are selected on a situational basis with increased requirements for the accuracy of regulation of the time-varying parameters of the control object and a significant level of possible discrepancies between their actual and specified values in conditions of uncertainty, it is advisable to use indistinctly implemented proportional, integral and differential regulation laws.

Characterization of PM2.5-bound parent and oxygenated PAHs in three cities under the implementation of Clean Air Action in Northern China

Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) could act as carcinogenic substances and cause severe health outcome on human beings through inhalation exposure. To protect human health, China government implemented strict control actions (Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, APPC) to reduce air pollutants emission. Notable achievement of PM2.5 pollution reduction was reported in several studies, while the pollution characteristics of non-routine monitoring PAHs and oPAHs under the impact of APCC were poorly understood. In this study, daily PM2.5 samples in three Chinese cites (Xingtai, Liaocheng, and Heze) were collected for one month in four seasons form 2018–2019 and determined for the PM2.5-bound PAHs and oPAHs. The results showed that the annual PAHs and oPAHs were 58.3 ± 86.1 and 62.7 ± 75.2 ng/m3 in Xingtai, 36.2 ± 55.6 and 35.9 ± 28.3 ng/m3 in Liaocheng, and 24.5 ± 37.7 and 35.1 ± 24.7 ng/m3 in Heze, respectively, suggesting that the PAHs pollution in the measured cities was still considerable and more solid control measures are needed. Significant variations in seasonal concentrations were observed in all the cities with the highest occurring in winter, which is mainly due to solid fuel burning for house heating. Meanwhile, composition profiles of PAHs and oPAHs also showed significant seasonal variations due to the source differences in different seasons. The results of PMF model showed both vehicle exhausts emission and solid fuels burning dominated the PAHs pollution. In summer, vehicles were the major contributor to the total PAHs pollution, while in winter, the contribution of coal combustion emission increased sharply. The correlations analysis between PAHs (oPAHs) and K+ and hopanes also showed a stronger impact of coal combustion in winter time. The result of this study confirmed the goal of clean air in China was calling for continuous actions.

DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR APPLYING THE TECHNOLOGY OF TARGET GRAVITY BRAKING OF UNCOUPLED CARS

Improving the efficiency of the process of train uncoupling remains one of the mosturgent problems in railway transport. The priority areas for solving this problem today include thedevelopment and implementation of integrated automation systems for hump technologies, the use ofartificial intelligence in decision support systems and procedures for calculating the controlparameters of car retarders. These systems provide high accuracy in designing and implementingcontrol actions, taking into account indeterminacy and multiple random parameters.However, a number of factors that are quite difficult to take into account, predict, or formalize.Such factors include the technical condition of rail car retarders, their random brakingcharacteristics, constant changes in wind speed and direction, the condition of wheel pairs, theresponse rate of hump operators, and others. These factors can have significant impact on the qualityof the marshalling process, even on automated marshalling humps.To increase the efficiency of the train uncoupling technology, researchers have developed anumber of scientific approaches and technical solutions: approaches to control using the equipmentfor controlling the speed of rolling uncoupled cars in automated mode have been formed, new designsof car retarders have been developed and the existing ones were improved, optimizing methods forbraking modes of uncoupled cars, the longitudinal profile of marshalling humps and the design ofhump necks have been proposed.&#x0D; The introduction of target gravity braking technology for uncouples cars is one of the ways toimprove the efficiency of the marshalling process. This technology can be implemented provided thata special profile design of the marshalling device is used.To determine the conditions for applying the target gravity braking technology for uncoupledcars, simulation modeling of rolling of model cars in favorable and unfavorable meteorologicalconditions was carried out.The results of simulation modeling showed that the proposed technology can be definitely used,if the number of tracks in the marshalling yard is up to 32 and estimated wind speeds up to 6 m/s,when it provides an uncoupling rate of up to 1,8 m/s. If the marshalling yard has a larger number oftracks and/or in case of powerful winds, the technology can be applied if the uncoupling rate isreduced. In this case, the feasibility of using the technology should be verified with technical andeconomic calculations.

Changes in air particulate matter concentration in Kraków in years 2009-2019 in relation to air pollution prevention and control action

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Last decades brought more interest to air pollution harmful effect; evidence has emerged that air pollution can affect every major organ system. Kraków, the second largest city in Poland, from years belongs to the most polluted cities in Europe. Prospective cohort study conducted in Krakow confirmed detrimental effects of air pollution. Increased awareness of health consequences forced local government to undertake some mitigation measures. The aim of the current study was to asses relationship between preventing actions undertaken in Kraków and changes of particular matter levels during heating seasons in years 2009 – 2019. METHODS: Information about daily particulate matter concentration (PM10 and PM2.5) levels were obtained from Provincial Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Krakow. As the increased air pollution in Poland shows seasonal variability, we assessed the changes in mean concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in heating season only. RESULTS:During the years 2009-2019 local government implemented a series of regulations and took some control actions to improve air quality, for example Inspections of waste incineration in heating stoves, inventory of sources of emission, Local Shield program for the poorest - co-financing program to help residents replace coal stoves to one from pro-ecological system, prohibiting the heating of houses / flats with low-quality coal, developing proposals for changes in Polish law that would enable an effective fight against pollution at the local level; and ultimately, from September 1, 2019, a total ban on burning solid fuels in the area of the municipality of Kraków. During analyzed time period the level of particulate matter in air pollution dropped gradually, decreasing by approximately 18.1 ug/m3 for PM10 and 21.6 ug/m3 for PM2.5. Also, number of days with exceeded the permissible level of pollution decreased. CONCLUSIONS:Implemented regulations and control actions resulted in lowering level of particulate matter air pollution. KEYWORDS: Air pollution, Particulate matter, Policy and practice

Sliding-mode surface-based adaptive actor-critic optimal control for switched nonlinear systems with average dwell time

This paper studies the problem of sliding-mode surface (SMS)-based adaptive optimal control for a class of continuous-time switched nonlinear systems with average dwell time (ADT) via using an actor-critic (AC) reinforcement learning (RL) strategy. By developing a specific cost function related to SMS, the original control problem is equivalently transformed into the problem of finding a series of optimal control policies. Then, the error terms separated from the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation are integrated into a function, which effectively reduces the influence of some repeated magnifications caused by approximation errors. Besides, the solution to the HJB equation is identified by the SMS-based AC neural networks (NNs), where the actor and critic NNs are developed to carry out the RL strategy simultaneously. The actor updating law is to implement control actions based on the system output, while the critic updating law is required to assess the current control action and feedback to the actor. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the applicability of the proposed adaptive AC optimal control method is verified to guarantee the boundedness of all signals in the considered closed-loop switched nonlinear systems. Finally, a simulation examples is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive optimal control method.

АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОВІДОМЧОГО КОНТРОЛЮ В ОРГАНАХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ

The article deals with the theoretical issues of administrative and legal regulation of internal control in the National Police. It is noted that the administrative and legal regulation of internal control in the National Police s an administrative and legal institution that has an independent subject matter and method of legal regulation. Internal control is defined as purposeful activity of normative and law enforcement nature of authorized officials and control and supervisory units of the National Police on the regulation and implementation of public relations in the field of internal control by legal means. Only that part of them that provides organizational, procedural and human rights bases of stability, guarantee and reliability of target information on the state of functioning of the National Police and each territorial body and subdivision becomes the subject matter of legal regulation of internal control. The structure of the subject matter of legal regulation in the field of internal control in the police consists of three parts. The first part of the subject matter of administrative and legal regulation of internal control are the principles, objectives of the organization and implementation of control activities that define and specify its place in the administrative system, as well as the task of identifying faults and positive experiences that significantly affect the legality and efficiency. Since the order of organization of internal control is entrusted to the relevant head, the powers are formed by two blocks: rule-making, components of regulatory and organizational activities to establish the order, goals and directions of internal control of subordinate units and officials. The third group of relations includes social relations, which consist of methods and forms of control actions that ensure the reliability and objectivity of the collection of targeted information, the timely adoption of administrative response measures.

Internal Controls of the Municipality of Plaridel, Bulacan towards Good Governance

Internal control plays a vital role in both private and public sectors. It is considered as one of the strategic tools in improving the operations and performance of an organization that will lead to the attainment of organizational goal and objectives. The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of control activities to the Municipality of Plaridel, Bulacan in complying with the good governance criteria. An assessment was conducted to determine the extent of control activities’ implementation in the organization to come up with the recommended measures for its further improvement. The study was based on a descriptive research design involving quantitative approach. Data gathered have been processed statistically using the SPSS by the Centro Escolar University Data Processing Center, and presented using the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation analysis. The overall analysis revealed that the relationship between the extent of implementation and perceived impact of control activities to the Municipality in complying with the good governance criteria has a very significant relationship rating. Findings also showed that the existing implementation of control activities in the municipality can be further improved using the recommended measures focused on the following: Revisiting and Revising the existing policies and procedures, Strengthening the top Management’s functions, and Continuous professional development. It can be concluded that the implementation of control activities in the Municipality can improve the operations, and can contribute to the compliance with the Seal of Good Local Governance Criteria - financial administration aspect.