Implementation Of Administrative Measures Research Articles

INTERNATIONAL– LEGAL REGULATION OF TRANSPLANTATION IN THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL TRADE IN ORGANS, TISSUES AND CELLS

The aim: To investigate the features of international – legal regulation of organ, tissue, and cell transplantation in the system of prevention of illegal trade and on the basis of analysis of international acts to formulate proposals for implementation of its norms to the modern national legislation of European countries. Materials and methods: The study used international instruments in the field of human rights protection in organ, tissue, and cell transplantation using a set of philosophical approaches, general scientific and special legal research methods. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of international acts in the field of organ, tissue, and cell transplantation, we can conclude that it is necessary to adopt an international legal act on transplantation and incorporate its provisions into national legislation. It will provide a legal basis for domestic policy, implementation of administrative measures in order to create an effective system for combating illicit trafficking in organs, tissues, and cells, and ensuring human rights and freedoms in the field of transplantation.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ВИКОНАННЯ МІСЦЕВИХ БЮДЖЕТІВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The main tendencies of development of the system of local budgets implementation in Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization of public administration are investigated. The emphasis is put on changing the approach to the role of the local budget in the context of systemic administrative transformations, its importance in ensuring the acceleration of sustainable self-development of territories.Important criteria for local budget expenditures efficiency measurement is the achievement of the balanced ratio of own funds and transfers provided from the state budget. The analysis of the structure of the revenue part of the local budgets of Ukraine shows that the revenues are not usually diversified, and the main part of tax revenues is formed by the only one type of income – the personal income tax. Accordingly, local taxes do not act as an effective fiscal instrument of public management. In the structure of non-tax revenues of local budgets of Ukraine, the largest part is accounted for by specialized fiscal institutions, but it is decreasing now. The second place belongs to administrative fees and payments, the share of which, according to the results of 2018, has shown as a tendency of growth. Obviously, it is necessary for Ukraine not only to improve the system of inter-budgetary relations, but also to realize that the whole system of budget relations should be guided by the implementation of the totality of interests of the state, business and citizen, not by the goal of the management apparatus maintenance. After all, it is the citizen with his natural business initiative and desire for self-development and realization could be the basis and the driving force for the development of the state. Although the first steps in reforming the budget sphere have already been made and the revenue base of local budgets has been expanded, but for a successful solution to the problem of providing Ukrainian communities with a sufficient amount of financial resources, it is not necessary to subsidize the territories of the state directly, but it is needed to create a favorable investment climate for encouraging and supporting the natural processes of community self-development.Accordingly, important priorities for the formation of a proper financial base for self-governing bodies should be the clear division of powers between central and local governments, the search for sustainable sources of local budget revenues, their income base, improvement of redistributive processes in the budget system, and the use of budgeting methods focused on social effect and economic result obtaining in the long-term perspective.Conclusions show the existence of budget imbalances caused, in particular, by poorly financial management, low level of economic activity and its effectiveness in communities. Prospects for improving this system which are seen in the implementation of administrative measures are given. These are: standardization of public services and the formation of a transparent organizational and economic mechanism for their providing; investing budget funds in the sectoral development of the local economy; appropriate diversification of sources of budget revenues; monitoring of budget implementing; development of the program-targeted method of using local budget funds on the basis of long-term planning; providing the ‘executive quality standards’ that will reflect the quality of local government, determine the quality and quantity of services provided; strengthening of the ‘managerialism’ in the budget management (professional development of employees of financial institutions, personal responsibility and motivation, orientation to the result); budget digitalization for ensuring absolute transparency and simplifying public control.Finally, in order to solve successfully the problem of providing the territorial communities with sufficient financial resources, proper internal financial and economic management, aimed at creating a favorable business and investment climate in the communities, we should abandon the practice of direct subsidization of territories, focusing attention on the local ‘points of growth’ and their needs.

La ejecución forzosa del acto administrativo en el derecho Español

This paper describes the legal framework for the enforcement of Administrative acts in the Spanish administrative Law, which is in Act 30/1992, on the Legal Regime of Public Administrations and of the Common Administrative Procedure. Administrative act is an act of will, desire, knowledge or judgment issued by an Administrative body, who has the privilege of enforceability (it is mandatory for its recipients) and enforcement (in case of reluctance on the recipients, the Administration, without recourse to third parties or Courts can enforce coercively).In the Spanish Administrative Law enforcement media are limited to four: constraint on capital, subsidiary execution, coercive penalties, and compulsion on people. For each type of administrative media, depending on its purpose, regulation tends to the use of a particular type of enforcement. For example, money claims are usually implemented through the constraint on capital; obligations to do, can be executed by the subsidiary execution or periodic coercive penalty payments; personal obligations almost always require a compulsion on people, etc. However, when various legal media may be possible to enforce the same act, the Administration prefers the use of the less harmful means, in a clear application of the fundamental right to liberty and property.Finally, some considerations are made about the implementation of administrative measures that may involve the entry into the home of recipients, and the game in those cases of the fundamental right to the inviolability of the home.

Analysis of Changes of Clinical Blood Transfusion After Implementation of Administrative Measures for Medical Institution Clinical Blood Use

Objective To observe the effects of laws and regulations concerned on clinical blood transfusion safety,by analyzing the changes of our hospital's clinical blood transfusion before and after the implementation of Administrative Measures for Medical Institution Clinical Blood Use (AMMICBU).Methods From January 2012 to March 2013,a total of 3305 medical records of patients who have received blood transfusions were included in this study.There were 1718 and 1587 medical records which before and after the performance of AMMICBU separately.Indexes which included total quantity of blood transfusion,the usage situation of main blood components,the per capita amount of blood transfusion,the per capita amount of plasma transfusion,the per capita amount of blood transfusion of surgical departments and the situations of clinical blood transfusion medical documents were investigated and analyzed.Results After the performance of the AMMICBU,the amount of clinical used blood,suspension red blood cells and plasma dropped 16.2％,7.8％ and 21.0％ separately.Statistically,the differences had some statistic significance (P＜0.05).The differences of the per capita amount of blood transfusion,the per capita amount of plasma transfusion and the per capita amount of blood transfusion of surgical departments before and after the performance of the AMMICBU also had some statistic significance (P＜0.05).The clinical blood medical books were more perfect and the capability of grasp of transfusion indications improved after the performance of the AMMICBU.Conclusions It is very important to improve the quality of clinical blood transfusion by strictly abiding by the national laws and regulations concerned for blood transfusion,and performing a scientific and reasonable policy of blood transfusion. Key words: Administrative Measures for Medical Institution Clinical Blood Use; clinical blood use; survey; analysis and assessment

Constructing consensus: Homeland security as a symbol of government politics and administration

Abstract Homeland security is a recent symbol in the American political lexicon. As an outgrowth of the idea of national security, it evokes certain meanings for politicians, administrators, and the public. However, these meanings do not provide much guidance about how domestic safety can be assured, nor how American political and administrative institutions should be organized to meet threats to citizens. Using a general model of governmental information use, this study traces the political and administrative construction of meaning for ‘homeland security.’ First, through a qualitative analysis of contemporary documents, it traces the development and institutionalization of the term in the Federal Executive and Congress. Secondly, employing software-based content analysis, it analyzes how four groups described administrative needs for homeland security. It identifies areas where tensions regarding implementation of administrative measures for homeland security are likely to occur.