Implementation Of Agenda Research Articles

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Current challenges and future directions for shared decision making for lung cancer screening.

Shared decision making (SDM) between health care professionals and patients is essential to help patients make well informed choices about lung cancer screening (LCS). Patients who participate in SDM have greater LCS knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and improved adherence to annual screening compared with patients who do not participate in SDM. SDM tools are acceptable to patients and clinicians. The importance of SDM in LCS is emphasized in recommendations from professional organizations and highlighted as a priority in the 2022 President's Cancer Panel Report. The updated 2022 national coverage determination from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reaffirms the value of SDM in offering LCS to eligible beneficiaries. The Shared Decision-Making Task Group of the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable undertook a group consensus process to identify priorities for research and implementation related to SDM for LCS and then evaluated current knowledge in these areas. Priority areas included: (1) developing feasible, adaptable SDM training programs for health care professionals; (2) understanding the impact of alternative health system LCS models on SDM practice and outcomes; (3) developing and evaluating new patient decision aids for use with diverse populations and in varied settings; (4) offering conceptual clarity about what constitutes a high-quality decision and developing appropriate quality measures; and (5) studying the use of prediction-augmented screening to support SDM in practice. Gaps in current research in all areas were observed. The authors conclude with a research and implementation agenda to advance the quality and implementation of SDM for persons who might benefit from LCS.

Nudges in sustainable water management practices: Implementation, key findings and research agenda

Nudging has emerged as an alternative policy for managing water demand in the residential sector. Indeed, numerous field studies have been recently published to assess the impact of nudges on water consumption. In parallel, a substantial body of literature has developed in the field of behavioral economics, including laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of nudge-type or boost treatments on individual behavior. However, the corresponding results are frequently overlooked in field studies. In this context, focusing on the residential water sector, the aim of this survey paper are, first, to review field experiments and address key issues in behavioral economics; and second, to present results obtained from laboratory experiments that could enhance nudging policies. We conclude by discussing additional unexplored areas and their policy implications.

Expanding Outcomes in Cancer Screening Safety Net Programs: Promoting Sustainability and Policy Reform.

Community-engaged patient navigation safety net programs are established as an evidence-based approach to address cancer prevention and early detection efforts, but barriers to expand and sustain such programs persist. In addition, few studies describe how these programs impact buy-in among communities and policy change within health care systems and government. We describe how we used the Capacity for Sustainability Framework to guide efforts for program sustainability and community, institutional, and policy level change in a breast cancer screening and patient navigation safety net program. The nine domains of the Capacity for Sustainability Framework were used to develop program logic models, to inform program implementation and quality improvement agendas, and to guide multi-level partner and stakeholder engagement, outreach, and dissemination of outcomes. The program is currently in its seventh year and continues to be annually funded by a city public health department. In 2021, additional 5-year renewable funding from a state public health department was secured. In addition, institutional program support was expanded for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Program leaders worked with policymakers to draft legislation to support training certification and third-payor reimbursement for patient navigators and community health workers. The program is well-known and trusted among community members, community-based organizations, and providers. Community, organizational, and policy-level outcomes demonstrate that community-engaged patient navigation safety net programs can influence more than individual and interpersonal outcomes and can be sustained over time.

Cardiovascular Disease Implementation and Policy Priorities for Australia: Recommendations From an Australian Stakeholder Roundtable.

The Australian Cardiovascular Alliance (ACvA), the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) and the National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) recently joined forces to bring the cardiovascular and stroke community together to convene and document a national discussion and propose a national CVD Implementation and Policy agenda and action plan. This includes prevention and screening, acute care and secondary prevention.

Strategi Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di MA Ma’arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar

The implementation of educational institutions between teachers and students has a very close relationship in improving student achievement. School as an educational institution that seeks to form a generation that is reliable, faithful and pious, has noble character and is skilled through general and religious education and the majority of its students receive religious education from their parents, so that their academic achievement is lacking, seen in the daily behavior of students who often take actions that are violates student rules and there are still those who are not orderly in participating in religious activities, so that teacher strategies in improving student learning achievement are needed to minimize bad acts or morals committed by students. The research approach is qualitative research, with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research are 1) Reflective strategies applied by the teacher in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar which are carried out by: a) the teacher brings different experiences into learning, b) helps students understand the material based on their experience c) the quality of assignments given by the teacher, demands the involvement of thought processes, and requires evaluation, d) the teacher conditions students in a learning environment including facilitators of implementation agendas, space and time of implementation, with a supportive learning environment, achievement student learning will be able to improve properly. 2) the espositoric strategy applied by the teacher in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar, by: a) preparing all material readiness, b) Emphasizing material through lecture and question and answer methods. c) giving a good example or role model to students, 3) heuristic strategies used by teachers in learning to improve student achievement in PAI subjects at MA Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar by activating a) teaching materials. b) Its implementation is preceded by an appreciation in advance and giving direction on the intent of the material objectives.

Reconciling art and science in the era of personalised medicine: the legacy of Georges Canguilhem

BackgroundBiomedicine, i.e. the application of basic sciences to medicine, has become the cornerstone for the study of etiopathogenesis and treatment of diseases. Biomedicine has enormously contributed to the progress of medicine and healthcare and has become the preferred approach to medical problems in the West. The developments in statistical inference and machine learning techniques have provided the foundation for personalised medicine where clinical management can be fully informed by biomedicine. The deployment of precision medicine may impact the autonomy and self-normativity of the patients. Understanding the relationship between biomedicine and medical practice can help navigate the benefits and challenges offered by precision medicine.MethodsConventional content analysis was applied to “Le Normal and le Pathologique” (Canguilhem G. The Normal and the Pathological. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1991) and further investigated with respect to its relationship with techne and precision medicine using PubMed and Google Scholar and the Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to search for the following keywords singularly or in combination: “Canguilhem”, “techne”, “episteme”, “precision medicine”, “machine learning AND medicine”.ResultsThe Hippocratic concept of techne accounts for many characteristics of medical knowledge and practice. The advances of biomedicine, experimental medicine and, more recently, machine learning offer, in contrast, the model of a medicine based purely on episteme. I argue that Canguilhem medical epistemology establishes a framework where episteme and data-driven medicine is compatible with the promotion of patient’s autonomy and self-normativity.ConclusionsCanguilhem’s medical epistemology orders the relationship of applied medicine with experimental sciences, ethics and social sciences. It provides guidance to define the scope of medicine and the boundaries of medicalization of healthy life. Finally, it sets an agenda for a safe implementation of machine learning in medicine.

Multi-hazard resilience assessment and adaptation planning for the Dutch highway network

The effects of natural hazards on road networks are evident and climate change will lead to more intense and more frequent impacts. This paper describes the approach and results of the resilience assessment and adaptation measure evaluation that has been conducted for the Dutch main highway network, by making use of the novel RA2CE modeling framework. The forthcoming results have been used to evaluate the desired level of resilience and to write an implementation agenda for adaptation to ensure a climate resilient highway network in 2050. The paper shows the necessity and challenges to link these resilience analyses to existing policy goal assessment frameworks as well as to asset management processes.

Towards a landscape-metabolism model for the tropical Andes. Application in the metropolitan region of Cali (Colombia)

We hypothesize that biocultural landscapes configured by indigenous, peasant, and afro traditional agricultural systems, significantly contribute to the ecological functionality of the metropolitan region of Cali (Colombia). Current landscapes reflect an ongoing local transition from organic-based agriculture to an industrial one that began in the first half of the 20th century. This transition has happened within a complex sociopolitical and cultural context in which the rural livelihoods are at a crossroads with regional agroindustry development. We propose an integrated landscape-metabolism assessment based on georeferenced farm system typologies (local scale) and the region's land cover data (landscape scale). The results expose the rupture between society (sociometabolic flows) and nature (ecological processes) in this metropolitan region driven by land-use intensification. Our findings support the hypothesis of the contribution of biocultural landscapes to the region's ecological functioning, and that show that agroforestry mosaics can offer promising contributions to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision in metropolitan regions.This landscape-metabolism assessment offers an opportunity to enrich intersectoral land policy formulation for highly biological and culturally diverse regions where agriculture constitutes a fundamental pillar to its economy, the local culture, and rural livelihoods. Given the confluence of the Colombian post-conflict implementation agenda, the global (un)sustainability crisis, and the UN development goals, there is a need to bring biocultural landscapes into a broader interdisciplinary dialog and evaluate the sustainability, political feasibility, and social desirability of current agricultural development

Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: recommendations from the RISRS report

BackgroundRetraction is a mechanism for alerting readers to unreliable material and other problems in the published scientific and scholarly record. Retracted publications generally remain visible and searchable, but the intention of retraction is to mark them as “removed” from the citable record of scholarship. However, in practice, some retracted articles continue to be treated by researchers and the public as valid content as they are often unaware of the retraction. Research over the past decade has identified a number of factors contributing to the unintentional spread of retracted research. The goal of the Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda (RISRS) project was to develop an actionable agenda for reducing the inadvertent spread of retracted science. This included identifying how retraction status could be more thoroughly disseminated, and determining what actions are feasible and relevant for particular stakeholders who play a role in the distribution of knowledge.MethodsThese recommendations were developed as part of a year-long process that included a scoping review of empirical literature and successive rounds of stakeholder consultation, culminating in a three-part online workshop that brought together a diverse body of 65 stakeholders in October–November 2020 to engage in collaborative problem solving and dialogue. Stakeholders held roles such as publishers, editors, researchers, librarians, standards developers, funding program officers, and technologists and worked for institutions such as universities, governmental agencies, funding organizations, publishing houses, libraries, standards organizations, and technology providers. Workshop discussions were seeded by materials derived from stakeholder interviews (N = 47) and short original discussion pieces contributed by stakeholders. The online workshop resulted in a set of recommendations to address the complexities of retracted research throughout the scholarly communications ecosystem.ResultsThe RISRS recommendations are: (1) Develop a systematic cross-industry approach to ensure the public availability of consistent, standardized, interoperable, and timely information about retractions; (2) Recommend a taxonomy of retraction categories/classifications and corresponding retraction metadata that can be adopted by all stakeholders; (3) Develop best practices for coordinating the retraction process to enable timely, fair, unbiased outcomes; and (4) Educate stakeholders about pre- and post-publication stewardship, including retraction and correction of the scholarly record.ConclusionsOur stakeholder engagement study led to 4 recommendations to address inadvertent citation of retracted research, and formation of a working group to develop the Communication of Retractions, Removals, and Expressions of Concern (CORREC) Recommended Practice. Further work will be needed to determine how well retractions are currently documented, how retraction of code and datasets impacts related publications, and to identify if retraction metadata (fails to) propagate. Outcomes of all this work should lead to ensuring retracted papers are never cited without awareness of the retraction, and that, in public fora outside of science, retracted papers are not treated as valid scientific outputs.

The Power of Advocacy: Advancing Vision for Everyone to Meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

Advocacy is instrumental to achieving significant policy change for vision. Global advocacy efforts over the past decades enabled recognition of vision as a major public health, human rights, and development issue. The United Nations General Assembly adopted its first-ever Resolution on vision: “Vision for Everyone—Accelerating Action to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” on 23 July 2021. The Resolution sets the target and commits the international community to improve vision for the 1.1 billion people living with preventable vision impairment by 2030. To fulfill their commitments, governments and international institutions must act now. Advocacy remains instrumental to mobilize funding and empower governments and stakeholders to include eye health in their implementation agenda. In this paper, we discuss the pivotal role advocacy plays in advancing vision for everyone now and in the post-COVID-19 era. We explore the link between improved eye health and the advancement of SDGs and define the framework and key pillars of advocacy to scaling-up success by 2030.

Research Agenda for Implementation of Principles of Care for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.

Children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) have a range of medical, educational, and support service needs to achieve optimal health and wellness. Principles of care for CYSHCN have been well described, but the literature is lacking particularly on implementation and integration of care across different settings and systems. The objective of this manuscript is to define a research agenda for principles of care for CYSHCN. Literature review examined principles of care for CYSHCN. Existing research gaps and priorities for principles of care were drawn from the literature review, a recently developed national research agenda for CYSHCN, and stakeholder consensus. Specific implementation areas of inquiry include family partner roles within and across systems; life course approach for CYSHCN; roles and training of interdisciplinary team members; and implementation, spread, and sustainability studies. Proposed methods include implementation science-based and comparative effectiveness research. A common set of metrics including health care utilization, clinical outcomes, and family and provider needs should be considered to evaluate implementation of principles of care. Implementation science and comparative effectiveness methods are needed to further understanding about how to adopt and spread principles of care for CYSHCN. The evolving demographics of CYSHCN add relevance and urgency for research findings.

Incidence of HIV-positive admission and inpatient mortality in Malawi (2012-2019).

ObjectiveTo investigate trends in population incidence of HIV positive hospital admission and risk of in-hospital death among adults living with HIV between 2012 and 2019 in Blantyre, Malawi.DesignPopulation cohort study using an existing electronic health information system (‘SPINE’) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and Blantyre census data.MethodsWe used multiple imputation and negative binomial regression to estimate population age- and sex-specific admission rates over time.We used a log-binomial model to investigate trends in risk of in-hospital death.ResultsOf 32,814 adult medical admissions during Q4.2012-Q3.2019, HIV status was recorded for 75.6%. HIV-positive admissions decreased substantially between 2012 and 2019. After imputation for missing data, HIV positive admissions were highest in Q3.2013 (173 per 100,000 adult Blantyre residents) and lowest in Q3.2019 (53 per 100,000 residents). An estimated 10,818 fewer than expected people living with HIV (PLHIV) (95%CI 10,068-11,568) were admitted during 2012-2019 compared to the counterfactual situation where admission rates stayed the same throughout this period. Absolute reductions were greatest for women aged 25-34 years (2,264 fewer HIV-positive admissions, 95%CI 2,002-2,526). In-hospital mortality for PLHIV was 23.5%, with no significant change over time in any age-sex group, and no association with ART use at admission.ConclusionsRates of admission for adult PLHIV decreased substantially, likely due to large increases in community provision of HIV diagnosis, treatment and care. However, HIV-positive in-hospital deaths remain unacceptably high, despite improvements in ART coverage. A concerted research and implementation agenda is urgently needed to reduce inpatient deaths among PLHIV.

INTEGRASI KOMPETENSI DALAM PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN

The integration of competence in leadership training in Indonesia is a problem that needs to be appreciated by all parties because during this time there is still opposition in the Ministerial regulation of state control and bureaucratic reform number 38 of 2017 about the competency standards Department of civil apparatus of the state, which is caused by the ego of each executor in the existing ministry. Nevertheless, state administrative institutions have taken the initiative to make changes from the curriculum of education and leadership training of the new pattern of the old regulation of the Head of State Administration Regulation number 18, 19 and 20 of 2015 to new patterns established with the administrative regulations of to the state number 15 and 16 of 2019 which integrate the leadership competence and government competence. There are 7 types of competencies integrated into this new curriculum, which is policy of decentralization, central government relations with local governments, general government, regional financial management, government affairs that become regional authority, local government relations with regional representatives and government ethics. For the success of this competency integration needed improvement in training planner which is design build learning training and training plan by integrating 7 government competencies in Agenda 1 Pancasila leadership and defending the country, agenda 2 leadership serve, agenda 3 control implementation activities and agenda 4 leadership actualization. Through perfecting training leadership subjects as competency units, subject matter as elements of competency and sub-material as performance creteria. From the results of the study to elements of Etics and integrity studies in public service should be trainedt and experienced to supervisors level training as many as 8 work performance creteria.

Scaling Up Parenting Interventions is Critical for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.

Of all the potentially modifiable influences affecting children’s development and mental health across the life course, none is more important than the quality of parenting and family life. In this position paper, we argue that parenting is fundamentally linked to the development of life skills that children need in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We discuss key principles that should inform the development of a global research and implementation agenda related to scaling up evidence-based parenting support programs. Research over the past 50 years has shown that parenting support programs of varied intensity and delivery modality can improve a wide range of developmental, emotional, behavioral and health outcomes for parents and their children. Such findings have been replicated across culturally and socioeconomically diverse samples, albeit primarily in studies from Western countries. We highlight the evidence for the relevance of parenting interventions for attaining the SDGs globally, and identify the barriers to and strategies for achieving their scale-up. The implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic for the delivery of evidence-based parenting support are also discussed.

Reducing the inadvertent spread of retracted science: Shaping a research and implementation agenda

Reducing the inadvertent spread of retracted science: Shaping a research and implementation agenda

Incidence of HIV-Related Hospital Admission and Inpatient Mortality in Malawi (2012-2019): A Population Cohort Study

Background: Hospital admission and discharge data from Southern and Eastern Africa are sparse but suggest that, despite impressive progress in population coverage of HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes, many hospital admissions remain attributable to HIV. Methods: An inpatient electronic health information system (‘SPINE’) in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi recorded data from all adult medical admissions. We combined these with Malawi census data to investigate trends in admission rates for Blantyre residents between 2012 and 2019. Multiple imputation and negative binomial regression was used to estimate population age- and sex-specific admission rates over time. A log-binomial model was used to investigate trends in risk of in-hospital death. Results: Of 32,814 medical admissions during Q4.2012-Q3.2019, HIV status was recorded for 75.6%. ART coverage among hospitalised people living with HIV (PLHIV) increased from 66.0% in Q4.2012 to 92.5% in Q3.2019. After imputation for missing data, HIV-positive admissions per 100,000 Blantyre residents decreased substantially from peak Q3.2014 rates of 110 to 43 per 100,000 residents per quarter-year in Q3.2019. An estimated 10,818 fewer than expected PLHIV (95%CI 10,068-11,568) were admitted after 2012-2019 compared to the counterfactual situation where admission rates stayed the same throughout this period. Absolute reductions were greatest for women aged 25-34 years (2,264 fewer HIV-positive admissions, 95%CI 2,002-2,526). In-hospital mortality for PLHIV was 23.5%, with no significant change over time in any age-sex group, and no association with ART at admission. Discussion: Rates of admission for PLHIV decreased substantially, likely due to large increases in community provision of HIV diagnosis, treatment and care. However, HIV-positive in-hospital deaths remain unacceptably high, despite improvements in ART coverage. A concerted research and implementation agenda is urgently needed to reduce inpatient deaths among PLHIV. Funding Statement: SPINE received funding from Wellcome Core Grant to the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust (reference 206545). RMB and PM are funded by Wellcome (203905/Z/16/Z and 206575/Z/17/Z, respectively). Declaration of Interests: MISSING Ethics Approval Statement: Use of anonymous electronic data (from SPINE project) was approved by QECH hospital research committee. Individual patient consent for anonymised secondary analysis was not sought.

The End of Life Choice Act: A Proposed Implementation and Research Agenda

AIM This article outlines the End of Life Choice Act 2019. It highlights some of the key implementation issues to ensure the system operates safely and equitably after the Act comes into force. It also identifies priorities for research to ensure issues are detected and provision of assisted dying (AD) is monitored. METHOD We reviewed the End of Life Choice Act, assisted dying implementation literature and governmental reports. RESULTS Effective system implementation depends on infrastructure, oversight and funding. In terms of service provision, we make recommendations about training for all health practitioners and providing practitioners; the nuances of discussing the wish to hasten death; conscientious objection; cultural safety for Māori; and minimising the complexity of delivering assisted dying practice. Structured research is needed to understand how the assisted dying system is operating. CONCLUSION This article contributes by identifying core issues for practitioners, patients and policymakers. Implementation is an ongoing process that continues after the Act starts. Data are required to know whether access is equitable, who is choosing to make use of the law, whether providers are well informed and whether the safeguards are working as intended. The implications of how the Act is implemented are significant for patients, whānau, health professionals and society.

VUCA時代のCo-innovation実現の課題 イノベーションシステムの科学領域と方向性

VUCA時代のCo-innovation実現の課題 イノベーションシステムの科学領域と方向性

STUDI DESKRIPTIF INOVASI E-RETRIBUSI PASAR

The Salatiga City Government has launched an electronic market levy (market e-retribution) which is implemented by the Salatiga City Trade Office. Market e-retribution is an electronic market retribution management system innovation to improve the quality of services that are transparent and accountable, minimize revenue leakage and illegal levies, as well as orderly irregularities in market retribution for compulsory levies. Market e-retribution is included in the regional non-cash transaction implementation agenda in the City of Salatiga. The application of new market e-retribution innovations was carried out in two traditional markets, namely Blauran I Market and Pasar Raya I as a pilot project before being implemented in other traditional markets. This article is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This article will focus on discussing the innovation of market e-retribution in the City of Salatiga.

Inside-out: normalising practice-based IPE.

Practice-based interprofessional education (IPE), a key feature in developing a collaboration-ready workforce, is poorly integrated in healthcare curriculums. This study aimed to synthesise educator perspectives on implementing practice-based IPE and develop recommendations to inform sustainable practice-based IPE. An ethnographic case study was carried out at a school of allied health. Data collection involved six observations, 11 interviews and a review of eight documents. Reflexive thematic analysis, informed by Normalisation Process Theory, established two key themes. First, we found that strategic planning is needed, with a coherent implementation agenda and planned reflection on activities. Second, building partnerships with placement partners was identified as essential. This can be achieved by supporting and championing practice-based IPE activities developed by placement sites and establishing how university and clinical educators can work collaboratively to deliver sustainable practice-based IPE. These conditions create a favourable environment for normalising practice-based IPE in healthcare curriculums, benefitting students, patients, and the overall healthcare service.