Imperfect Orientation Research Articles

An Ethical Stance for Justice-Doing in Community Work and Therapy

This writing illuminates a possible stance for an ethic of justice-doing as a frame for community work and therapy. This approach to justice-doing is offered as an imperfection project, and while incomplete and necessarily flawed, it has been helpful to groups of workers striving to practice more in line with our collective commitments for social justice. This approach is profoundly collaborative and informed by decolonizing practice and anti-oppression activism. I will describe the intentions that guide this stance, which include striving towards centering ethics, doing solidarity, addressing power, fostering collective sustainability, critically engaging with language, and structuring safety. Even an imperfect orientation towards justice-doing can open our work to transformations for ourselves, the people we work alongside, and our communities and society, and offer the potential for experiencing the social diving. This article is framed from a keynote delivered at the Winds of Change Conference held in Ottawa, Ontario in June 2012. I acknowledge the Algonquin people whose territories we met on. Finally, marcela polanco (2011), who describes her work as a therapy of solidarity, will offer a reflection on my position for an ethic of justice-doing.

Enhanced strength and ductility of Al0.9CoCrNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy by thermomechanical processing

Eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) composed of soft face centered cubic (FCC) phase and hard body centered cubic (BCC) phases usually exhibit perfect combination of good tensile ductility and high fracture strength. Surprisingly, we reveal in this study that a new FCC(L12)/BCC(B2)-structured Al0.9CoCrNi2.1 EHEA shows inferior tensile properties with yield strength of 645 MPa, fracture strength of 1033 MPa and total elongation of merely 6.9%. A careful study of the deformation behavior reveals that the imperfect orientation relationship lead to extensive cleavage fracture and the consequent poor ductility. After thermomechanical treatment, a balanced and greatly enhanced tensile properties (yield strength of 820 MPa, fracture strength of 1400 MPa and total elongation of 11.6%) were achieved. The abnormal simultaneous enhancement for strength and ductility is resulted from the synchronous deformation of L12 and B2 phases. The current work presents a successfully demonstration of using thermomechanical processing to improve inferior mechanical properties of some lamellar eutectic alloys.

Morphology and Crystallization of Polypropylene/Microfibrillated Cellulose Composites

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared by controlling the re-precipitation of cellulose prepared in the mixture form of NaOH/Urea solubilized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch. The cellulose re-precipitation was carried-out in an HCl bath, resulting in a MFC form having relatively lower crystallinity than MCC. The XRD pattern of MFC indicated the partially crystalline structure arising from the imperfect orientation of a cellulose chain obstructed by a starch molecule in the precipitation step. Interestingly, the MFC morphology exhibited a web-like structure with a diameter in the range of 10-20 nm. The water retention value of MFC was extraordinarily high due to its extremely small diameter having high surface area. Further, surface silanization of MFC with organosilane was carried out. Then, the modified MFC was melt-mixed with polypropylene (PP) matrix via a simple melt mixing technique. The morphology and crystallization of the PP/MFC composites were measured. The morphology of organosilane treated MFC exhibited agglomeration of 10 microns in diameter with layered structures arising from the packing of microfibrils. The FTIR spectra showed hydrophobic characteristics of treated MFC observed by the disappearance of original cellulose hydroxyl group and bound water. The crystallinity of treated MFC increased when compared to the untreated MFC, indicating that cellulose chains of unmodified MFC underwent re-orientation occurring in the modification step due to its high crystallinity characteristic. For the PP/MFC-composite containing MFC loading, faster crystallization and higher spherulite growth rate, in case of higher MFC loading, were observed. In addition, the spherulite size decreased with an increase in the crystallization temperature. However, the degree of crystallinity was fairly independent on the MFC-loading. Therefore it can be concluded that the addition of MFC might enable shorter cycle times, resulting in cheaper processing cost in a view point of polymer processing.

Dynamic discrimination of oriented molecules controlled with the nonresonant dynamic Stark effect induced by a single-cycle THz pulse

We theoretically propose a control scheme of temporal wave-packet separation for oriented molecules, based on nonresonant dynamic Stark effect (DSE) in the dipole limit. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that diabatic coupling between the lowest two potential-energy curves (PECs) depends on diatomic internuclear distance. In the control process nonresonant DSE shifts the PECs, moves the avoided crossing position, and thus changes transition probability from one PEC to another. In the scheme linearly polarized single-cycle THz pulses are employed as control fields and are applied to the molecules oriented along the field polarization. In this paper the proposed scheme is applied to the temporal wave-packet separation of the binary mixture of alkali-halide isotopologues $^{133}\mathrm{CsI}$ and $^{135}\mathrm{CsI}$. We assume that before applying the control pulse one of the isotopologues is oriented along the field polarization direction and the other is oriented along the opposite direction (isotope-dependent orientation) and then they are electronically excited from the ground-state PEC to the excited-state counterpart. Numerical wave-packet propagations under some control pulses reveal that a THz pulse yields a temporal wave-packet separation of about 2 ps between the two isotopologue photodissociations. We also consider the cases where the molecular axis is not parallel to the field polarization direction and carry out the same wave-packet calculations. It is found, as a result, that the temporal wave-packet separation is comparable with the parallel case, indicating that even when the isotope-dependent orientation right before control is not perfectly achieved, the proposed control scheme works well. This result suggests that the present separation scheme for oriented molecules is more robust against imperfect orientation than the molecular separation technique using the dependence of electronic transition probability on the field polarization direction relative to the molecular axis.

An Ethical Stance for Justice-Doing in Community Work and Therapy

This writing illuminates a possible stance for an ethic of justice-doing as a frame for community work and therapy. This approach to justice-doing is offered as an imperfection project, and while incomplete and necessarily flawed, it has been helpful to groups of workers striving to practice more in line with our collective commitments for social justice. This approach is profoundly collaborative and informed by decolonizing practice and anti-oppression activism. I will describe the intentions that guide this stance, which include striving towards centering ethics, doing solidarity, addressing power, fostering collective sustainability, critically engaging with language, and structuring safety. Even an imperfect orientation towards justice-doing can open our work to transformations for ourselves, the people we work alongside, and our communities and society, and offer the potential for experiencing the social diving. This article is framed from a keynote delivered at the Winds of Change Conference held in Ottawa, Ontario in June 2012. I acknowledge the Algonquin people whose territories we met on. Finally, marcela polanco (2011), who describes her work as a therapy of solidarity, will offer a reflection on my position for an ethic of justice-doing.

Characterization of a chiral phase in an achiral bent-core liquid crystal by polarization studies of resonant x-ray forbidden reflections

The chiral antiferroelectric structure of an achiral bent-core liquid crystal is characterized by resonant x-ray scattering at chlorine K edge. The "forbidden" reflections resulting from the glide or screw symmetry elements are restored by the anisotropy of the tensor structure factor, which we calculate for two possible structural models. A careful analysis of the polarization states of the restored "forbidden" reflections enables an unambiguous identification of a chiral structure (i.e., the so-called anticlinic, antiferroelectric smectic-C or Sm-C(A)P(A)) coexisting with the achiral synclinic antiferroelectric smectic-C or Sm-C(S)P(A). The method proves to be quite powerful as it identifies the chiral structure within coexisting phases despite an imperfect orientation of the sample. The volume fraction of the chiral phase and the distribution of alignment are extracted from the data.

Magnetic Time Effects in Small Metallic Particles for Recording: Orientation Dependence

The leading magnetic material for use in data recording tapes is the metal particulate (MP) composition. The trend to smaller particle size necessarily entails an increase in thermally induced time effects. An Arrhenius-Ne/spl acute/el switching model is used, together with the dependence of the experimental coercivity on field duration, to determine an effective switching volume. The model takes account of the highly imperfect magnetic orientation present in actual recording media. Results for coated media made with current advanced particles having various degrees of orientation (squareness) show that the calculated switching volume is not sensitive to orientation above a squareness value of about 0.6 (essentially random in plane). This switching volume correlates well with particle volume, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results confirm the practical relevance of the model, both for realistic tapes and for disks that have random grain orientation, and are evidence that the model adequately takes account of preferred-axis misalignment.

Thermal expansion behavior of nylon 6 nanocomposites

The linear thermal expansion behavior of nanocomposites was measured and compared with the theory by Chow. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing organically modified montmorillonite with high and low molecular weight (LMW) grades of nylon 6 using a twin screw extruder. Thermal expansion measurements were made on samples taken from injection-molded Izod bars in the flow direction (FD), transverse direction (TD), and normal direction (ND). Addition of clay reduces the thermal expansion coefficient in both FD and TD while an increase is seen in ND; FD has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than TD. The latter suggests non-uniform orientation of exfoliated platelets about FD, since perfect alignment of disk-like platelets in an isotropic matrix must yield identical expansion coefficients for both FD and TD. High molecular weight (HMW) nylon 6 nanocomposites resulted in lower thermal expansion than LMW nylon 6 nanocomposites at the same organoclay content. This difference was attributed to the higher aspect ratio of particles (better exfoliation) in HMW nylon 6 nanocomposites. Thermal expansion coefficients predicted from a theoretical composite model were compared to the experimental data. Platelet aspect ratios deduced in this way were found to be dependent on the specimen direction, which further suggests imperfect orientation of particles about FD. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy support the conclusions drawn above.

Sixteen New Species of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) Mainly from Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Measurements are in mm and are based on five specimens of each sex taken from the sample containing the holotype (if available). They are represented as the range of the sample with the sample mean in italics. Length and width refer to the maximum value of the specified body part oriented horizontally; if not specified they refer to body length and maximal body width. Body length is measured from anterior margin of vertex to apex of hemielytra. Extremities are measured with the ventral side upward, this is especially important in fore tibia of male Micronecta. The ocular index is computed as two times the synthlipsis (S) divided by the difference between width of head (D) and synthlipsis, in formula: 2S/(D-S). This measurement buffers against peaks in the ratio synthlipsis/ width of eye, due to imperfect orientation of the head. Where necessary, other measurements will be discussed under the separate families. The areas in Sulawesi used in indication of the localities are the administrative provinces. Some additional data on the localities sampled by Nieser in 1989 (with numbers N89xx) can be found in Nieser & Chen (1991). Pulau Sangir is a spice island belonging to Sulawesi Utara province. As it lies some 200 Km N. of the northern point of ‘mainland’ Sulawesi it is not on the map used in this paper (fig. 126). Remarks between braces {} after the locality data contain additional information not found on the labels. Abbreviations: brach. = brachypterous, macr. = macropterous; lvIV, lvV = 4th and 5th instar larva respectively; L = length, W is width.

Measurement of the electric quadrupole moments of CO2, CO, N2, Cl2 and BF3

The electric quadrupole moments of a number of molecules have been determined from measurement of the birefringence induced in a gas by an electric field gradient. The values obtained are: carbon dioxide (− 14·27 ± 0·61)x 10−40 C m2, carbon monoxide (− 9·47 ± 0·15)x 10−40 C m2, nitrogen (− 4·65±0·08)x 10−40 C m2 and boron trifluoride (12·6±0·7)x 10−40 C m2. In the calculation of the moments for carbon monoxide and boron trifluoride the small hyperpolarizability contribution was neglected in the absence of known values. By means of the Jones calculus a detailed analysis was made of the effects of strain birefringence in the cell windows and imperfect orientation of polarizing components in the light path. This analysis led to a measurement procedure which yielded results significantly different from previously reported ones obtained with essentially the same apparatus. The probable error in the earlier procedure is identified.

Measurement of the electric quadrupole moments of CO2, CO, N2, Cl2 and BF3

The electric quadrupole moments of a number of molecules have been determined from measurement of the birefringence induced in a gas by an electric field gradient. The values obtained are: carbon dioxide (− 14·27 ± 0·61)x 10−40 C m2, carbon monoxide (− 9·47 ± 0·15)x 10−40 C m2, nitrogen (− 4·65±0·08)x 10−40 C m2 and boron trifluoride (12·6±0·7)x 10−40 C m2. In the calculation of the moments for carbon monoxide and boron trifluoride the small hyperpolarizability contribution was neglected in the absence of known values. By means of the Jones calculus a detailed analysis was made of the effects of strain birefringence in the cell windows and imperfect orientation of polarizing components in the light path. This analysis led to a measurement procedure which yielded results significantly different from previously reported ones obtained with essentially the same apparatus. The probable error in the earlier procedure is identified.

Electric conduction in oriented polysilane films

An anisotropically electric conduction has been investigated for highly oriented poly(cyclohexylmethylsilane) films. The carrier mobility is enhanced by about one order of magnitude when polysilanes align along the transport path and suppressed by more than one order of magnitude when polysilanes align perpendicular to the transport path, as compared with randomly oriented films. This change is explained, by taking account of the imperfect orientation, within a frame of a model of charge hopping through domainlike σ-conjugated segments of the silicon chain.

Tensile deformation and failure of poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibres

The tensile deformation and failure of a wide range of poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibres is investigated. Fibre tensile modulus and tensile strength can be varied widely through simple processing variations, yet the fibres are found to exhibit similar non-linear elastic deformation responses as elucidated in stress perturbation experiments. An asymptotic modulus characteristic of the local orientation in the fibres is determined and is found to correlate well with the tensile strength of the fibres in accordance with straightforward shear failure criteria. The tensile failure of these fibres is thus dominated by the inherent strength anisotropy of linear chain polymers and the imperfect orientation in the fibres.

Initial permeability of (111) oriented Fe-Si polycrystalline thin films

Initial permeability (μi) of polycrystalline Fe-based alloy films with (111) orientation is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is expected from the calculation that (111) oriented films have higher μi than those of films with other orientations and good frequency characteristics. Fe-7-wt%-Si films with (111) orientation are expected from the calculation to have μi higher than 2000. Experimentally, (111) oriented Fe-6.9-wt%-Si films exhibit μi of about 1700 and are independent of frequencies up to 60 MHz. The results are in fairly good agreement with the calculation. The differences between the results of experiment and calculation can be explained by imperfect orientation of (111) planes and surface roughness in the actual films.

Local crystal lattice curvature measurements for bent-crystal spectrometers

The geometrical orientation and curvature radius of the lattice of cylindrically bent crystals in high-resolution x-ray spectrometers for plasma diagnostics are determined locally on the crystal surface by means of a double-crystal device in conjunction with precise transverse displacements of the x-ray beam and accurate angular recordings of the crystal. Surface areas of the crystal which have imperfect orientation and curvature quality and hence contribute to resolving power degradation are thus clearly identified.

Rheological behaviour of lamellar eutectic AlAl2Cu elaborated by induction heating

AbstractThis paper presents solutions to the experimental problems encountered in the elaboration of lamellar AlAl2Cu or fibrous AlAl3Ni eutectic samples using the Bridgman technique. The objective is to prepare samples for use in mechanical tests.The investigation of the elaborated structures of AlAl2Cu (orientation, grain selection, shape of the solid‐liquid (S.L.) interface, interlamellar spacing λ…) can then be used to confirm the predicted behavior.Creep tests under constant applied stress σ (from 2 to 5 · 107 N/m2) at temperatures from 300 to 450 °C show: – that a stationary state exists (with constant strain rate ) – the influence of an imperfect orientation – the existence of a Bailey‐Norton creep law = kσn. This law leads to the possiblity of finding a constitutive equation for high temperatures tests.

Mucosal biopsy of theesophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum

The past decade has occasioned the development and extensive use of flexible endoscopes for visualization of large areas of the alimentary tract. Numerous small grasp biopsies are now performed to determine the diagnosis and course of a large variety of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. In this review, the authors have concentrated on the uses and interpretation of endoscopy and biopsy of the upper alimentary tract including the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum. They have also commented on the limitations of endoscopic biopsy with respect to its size, superficial nature, and imperfect orientation in the evaluation of some disorders.

Effects of Imperfect Orientation on Natural Ferromagnetic Resonance of Polycrystalline Hexagonal Ferrites

Effects of imperfect orientation on natural ferromagnetic resonance of oriented polycrystalline hexagonal ferrites are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown that absorption peak values increase and linewidths decrease as the degree of orientation increases. An assumption that the distribution of crystallites obeys canonical distribution is made. Numerical calculations are made of the resonance curves as a function of frequency under the condition that individual crystallite behaves independently. Effects of the degree of orientation on the backward characteristics of the resonance isolator are investigated experimentally at 50 GHz band.

Flow Characteristics of Foam Polystyrene Melt

The flow characteristics of foam polystyrene which contains 1.5wt% butane were investigated and compared with those of polystyrene used for general purpose.The apparent viscosity of foam polystyrene was lower than that of general polystyrene. This may be due to that the Brownian motion of polymer molecules becomes more active by the existence of minute bubbles and reduces the intermolecular force or friction (shearing stress). The non-Newtonian flow index of foam polystyrene was smaller than that of general polystyrene. This may be due to that the random Brownian motion of molecules becomes more active and thus makes harder the imperfect orientation of molecules arising from the increase in shear rate. The activation energy of flow of foam polystyrene was slightly smaller than that of general polystyrene, which may be due to that the molecules of foam polystyrene melt become more movable by the existence of minute bubbles.Besides, the influences of pressure and temperature upon foaming pattern and foaming ratio were investigated, and it was found that the greatest foaming ratio can be obtained at the optimum temperature (215°C) for extruding general polystyrene, and, at constant temperature, a good skin of extrudate can be obtained only when the extruding pressure exceeds a certain limit value.

Analysis of NMR relaxation times in polymers with fiber symmetry

Expressions are derived for the nuclear magnetic relaxation times T 1, T 2, and T 1 π for anisotropic molecular motions in materials with axial symmetry. The results are appropriate for the analysis of data derived from drawn polymer fibers. The effects of imperfect orientation are included in the expression for T 2.