Impaired Chewing Ability Research Articles

Exploring UK older adults' dietary fibre consumption habits and associated factors: a national diet and nutrition survey perspective.

The UK population is living longer; therefore, promoting healthy ageing via positive nutrition could have widespread public health implications. Moreover, dietary fibre intake is associated with health benefits; however, intake is below UK recommendations (30 g/d). Utilising national dietary survey data can provide up-to-date information on a large representative cohort of UK older adults, so that tailored solutions can be developed in the future. This study used cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (years 2008-2009 to 2018-2019) for older adults' (n 1863; 65-96 years) dietary fibre intake (three-to-four-day food diaries), top ten dietary fibre-rich foods, associated factors (demographics, dietary/lifestyle habits) and various health outcomes (anthropometric, blood and urine). Mean dietary fibre intake was 18·3 g/d (range: 2·9-55·1 g/d); therefore, below the UK dietary recommendations, with compliance at 5·7 %. In addition, there were five significant associations (P < 0·05) related to lower dietary fibre intake such as increasing age group, without own natural teeth, impaired chewing ability, lower education leaving age and poor general health. Older adults' key foods containing dietary fibre were mainly based on convenience such as baked beans, bread and potatoes. Positively, higher dietary fibre consumption was significantly associated (P = 0·007) with reduced diastolic blood pressure. In summary, the benefits of dietary fibre consumption were identified in terms of health outcomes and oral health were key modulators of intake. Future work should focus on a life course approach and the role of food reformulation to help increase dietary fibre intake.

Assessment of Psychological Depression among Edentulous Patients in Tiruchengode – A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: Depression and anxiety are two psychosocial illnesses that are mostly comorbid. The prevalence of psychosocial diseases is increasing worldwide. Both can affect general and oral and dental health, which can be physiological or behavioral. Aim: The aim is to assess the Psychological Depression among edentulous patients in Tiruchengode. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Tiruchengode. Materials and Methods: The study was performed among 60 completely edentulous patients of Tiruchengode using the Patient Health Questionnaire for 5 months. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Results: About 56.67% of patients were in the nonminimal group, 33.33% of them were in mild depression, and 10% were in moderate depression level. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were associated more with poor appetite and impaired chewing ability. Hence, more awareness and care should be given, particularly to older individuals with complete edentulism, which causes chewing disability.

Relationship between perceived chewing ability, oral health related quality of life and depressive symptoms among completely edentulous individuals.

Edentulism affects the chewing ability of a person and can engender nutritional deficiencies which can affect the overall quality of life and depression. Our aim was to evaluate the association between perceived chewing ability, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and depressive symptoms among completely edentulous patients with and without dentures. Institutional study and cross-sectional design. A cross-sectional study among 207 completely edentulous persons was conducted in South India. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, Beck's depression inventory, oral health impact profile-edentulous (OHIP-EDENT), age when edentate, chewing ability, and denture satisfaction. Further, denture status was clinically evaluated. Data were summarised and analysed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Persons not using complete dentures (odds ratio [OR] =3.5, P < 0.05), who reported impaired chewing ability (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05), those who became edentate before 55 years (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05) and with poor denture status (OR = 6.2, P < 0.05) were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Lesser impact in relation to OHRQoL was found to be protective against depression among completely edentulous (OR = 0.24, P < 0.05). Depressive symptoms were associated with impaired chewing ability, higher impacts on OHIP-EDENT, and edentulous persons not using complete dentures. High priority must be given to enhance awareness towards oral rehabilitation among completely edentulous to reduce the chance of depression occurring due to impaired chewing ability and poor OHRQoL.

Responsiveness of methods to evaluate chewing ability after removable partial denture treatments.

The ability of an instrument to detect a clinically important change in patient-reported outcomes following prosthetic treatment is critical for its use in clinical practice and research settings. This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of instruments in evaluating patient perception of chewing ability after removable partial denture (RPD) treatment in a prospective cohort. A single 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), 20-item food intake questionnaire (FIQ) and 6-point chewing difficulty scale (CDS) were administered to 248 partially edentulous patients to evaluate chewing ability pre- and post-RPD treatment. We conducted a statistical comparison between the pre- and post-treatment scores and determined the effect size (r) of RPD treatment for the instruments. A significant improvement in chewing ability after RPD treatment was identified by VAS and CDS (P<.05), but not by FIQ (P=.16), which identified an improvement after controlling for sex, age, the number of missing teeth and presence/absence of existing removable dentures. The effect size was medium for VAS (r=.54), weak for CDS (r=.14-.17) and absent for FIQ (r=-.09). The increase in r was significantly associated with impaired chewing ability before treatment (ρ=-0.87, P<.001). These results suggest that the 100-mm VAS, followed by CDS, is the most responsive instrument to detect an improvement in chewing ability after RPD treatment. Pre-treatment impairment of chewing ability was associated with better responsiveness of the instruments.

Relationship between tooth loss and chewing ability to cognitive function of dementia patients

Introduction: Oral health in the elderly is usually worse than the general population and its can increase the incidence of edentulous and tooth loss. Studies show that a reduction in the number of teeth and users of complete dentures causing the ability to chew is significantly to be less efficient and have an impact on general health. The lack of chewing ability is at risk of causing cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment in the elderly is an early clinical sign of dementia. A number of studies have reported that individual with cognitive impairments especially those involving memory problems are more likely to develop dementia compared to normal people. Objective: This literature review discusses the relationship between oral health such as tooth loss, impaired chewing ability, and in relation to cognitive impairment that can increase the risk of dementia.

Relationship of tooth loss, impaired chewing ability, and cognitive impairment among the elderly of western Maharashtra, India

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the tooth loss impaired chewing ability and cognitive impairment among the elderly of western Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, community-based study conducted among 200 consenting elderly. Information regarding tooth loss, chewing ability and cognitive impairment (clock-drawing test), and sociodemographic variables were obtained and analyzed. Results: Participants with impaired chewing ability had 5.57 more odds of cognitive impairment. Similarly, those with multiple tooth loss had 2.4 times odds of cognitive impairment compared to normal counterparts. Conclusions: Multiple tooth loss and impaired chewing ability increase the odds of cognitive impairment.

The Effect of Number of Teeth and Chewing Ability on Cognitive Function of Elderly in UAE: A Pilot Study.

Cognitive decline is one of the major causes of disability among the aging population. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between oral health parameters (number of teeth, chewing ability, and presence of a denture) and cognitive function in the elderly across the UAE. Fifty persons (age ≥ 60; 71.26 ± 10.23) were enrolled in the study. Cognitive status was assessed using the standardized mini-mental state examination (SMMSE) and accordingly, cognitively normal subjects scoring ≥24 were considered as the control group and cognitively impaired individuals scoring ≤23 were considered as the low scoring group. Chewing ability was examined, number of teeth was noted, and demographical data was collected. The results of this pilot study showed that individuals with low SMMSE scores were significantly less educated (P < 0.01) and had fewer number of remaining teeth (P < 0.05) and impaired chewing ability (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a significant link between the number of teeth, chewing ability, and cognitive function. However, this pilot study had its limitations and was the first of its kind in the UAE and Gulf region; therefore, future research addressing the limitations is needed to further explore this association.

Limited prosthesis wear in geriatric diabetic edentulous patients: A social morbidity

AbstractTooth loss is a widespread geriatric healthcare issue. The problems with the complete denture wear in edentulous patients are compounded by the coexisting diabetes. The dryness of thin oral mucosa resultant from diabetes or as side effect of medications used for various advanced age health problems lead to restricted prosthesis wear. Impaired chewing ability and denture problems can cause isolation among geriatric population.

Chewing ability and associated factors in a Sudanese population

This study aimed to assess self-reported chewing ability among a sample of Sudanese adults and to identify factors associated with impaired oral function. A total of 1,888 adults (≥16 years old) attending outpatient clinics in Khartoum State were included. Subjective chewing ability was assessed by interviewing participants on chewing complaints and perceived difficulty of chewing 15 common Sudanese foods. Pearson and multivariate analyses were used to examine relationships between chewing ability and characteristics obtained from interviews and clinical examination. Chewing complaints were reported by 33.5% of subjects; 15.2-33.4% had perceived difficulty of chewing hard foods, whereas only 1.5-6.9% had difficulty eating soft foods. The likelihood of chewing complaints was higher in people with dry mouth, <20 teeth, tooth decay, poor self-rated oral health, perceived difficulty of chewing, and higher oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) scores. Individuals with <20 teeth, poor self-rated general health, and higher OHRQoL scores were all more likely to have perceived difficulty of chewing certain foods. Impaired chewing ability was rather highly prevalent among Sudanese adults. Addressing factors such as dry mouth and tooth loss/decay, which have been identified to be associated with impaired oral function, might help to decrease the risk of omission of essential foods from the diet and improve OHRQoL.

A STABLE ARTIFICIAL TEST FOOD SUITABLE FOR LABELING TO QUANTIFY SELECTION AND BREAKAGE IN SUBJECTS WITH IMPAIRED CHEWING ABILITY

Color- and form-labeled particles of Optosil (version 1980, a silicone rubber, Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) have been used previously to quantify the underlying processes of food comminution, i.e., selection and breakage, in subjects with normal dentitions. The aim of this present study was to develop a weakened Optosil that is suitable for the study of selection and breakage in subjects with impaired chewing ability. Half cubes (4.8 × 9.6 × 9.6 mm) were subjected to load tests to determine the force, deformation and work at particle fracture for periods of up to 6 months. Methods of modifying Optosil were (1) heat-treating the base material to produce “Optosoft”; (2) mixing the base of Optosil or Optosoft with a nonprescribed catalyst (Verone, Davis Schott Lander & Davis Ltd, Herts, England) to produce “Optoweak” or “Optosoft-weak” and (3) heating half cubes that were preweakened. A weakened and stable test food that is suitable for labeling and reuse has been obtained by color-dyeing the Optosoft base and using Verone (“dyed-Optosoft-weak”). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Every chewing cycle begins with selection, in which food particles have a chance to be placed between the teeth in such a way that they are at least damaged, if not broken, by the subsequent breakage process. Bite force is reduced in certain patients, e.g., patients with neuromuscular diseases, following orthognathic surgery and in full denture wearers, and the action of the tongue and cheeks differs when compared with healthy individuals. Both factors are important in selection and breakage. The artificial test food Optosil has a large fracture force so that it is difficult to chew for subjects with an impaired chewing ability. This problem has been solved by developing a weaker test food, i.e., “dyed-Optosoft-weak.” This test food allows the study of selection and breakage in general with color- and form-labeled particles and to determine the effect of medication, orthognathic surgery or oral implants on these processes.

Craniomandibular disorders in psoriasis.

A questionnaire survey of all members of the Psoriasis Society of the Greater Helsinki area was carried out to determine the prevalence of craniomandibular (CM) disorders in psoriasis. 1517 (85%) of the psoriatic members responded; 1050 had skin symptoms (psoriasis; P) and 400 skin and joint symptoms (psoriatic arthritis; PA). The most characteristic CM symptom was pain in the temporomandibular joint area. A high number of subjective symptoms correlated with poor general state of health, stress, pruritus of skin lesions, occlusal parafunctions and impaired chewing ability. Patients with PA had symptoms of CM disorders twice as frequently as patients with P. A high number of symptoms of CM disorders correlated with the number of other joints affected by PA.

Commonsense dietary recommendations for geriatric dental patients

N umerous surveys have documented the fact that elderly people frequently suffer from malnutrition.‘” Some of the reasons for the elderly’s poor diet patterns and food utilization include (1) impaired chewing ability, (2) decreased appetite, (3) lack of knowledge, (4) established habits, (5) financial limitations, (6) social isolation, (7) logistic problems with food, (8) medical restrictions, (9) impaired digestion, (10) decreased absorption, (11) impaired glucose tolerance, and (12) effects of drugs. It is clear that not all people who have passed the arbitrary milestone of 65 years have health or nutrition problems, but a high percent of prosthodontic patients might be classified as “nutritionally disadvantaged” geriatric patients, A dental examination frequently reveals signs suggestive of nutritional deficiencies such as atrophic mucous membrane, excessive resorption of alveolar bone, or slow healing responses following injury. It must be emphasized that patients who have systemic diseases or oral conditions for which inadequate nutrition is a contributing factor cannot be restored to health until their nutritional problems are corrected. The dentist should be responsible for seeking out and treating nutritional inadequacies just as he or she is responsible for treating any other factors in dental disease, such as infections, irritations, malocclusions, or neoplasms. Patients with less-thandesirable eating habits should be offered the benefits of guidance in establishing better long-term dietary practices.

Chewing Ability in Relation to Dental and General Health

Answers were obtained from 1106 (91 %) of a randomly selected sample of persons, aged 15–74 years, who were sent a questionnaire on chewing ability, chewing habits and some general and oral disorders. The questionnaire revealed that chewing ability was closely correlated to the number of residual teeth, but a loss of up to 7 teeth did not seem to entail an assessment of impairment. One fourth of the complete denture wearers reported that they could not chew all sorts of food. Unilateral chewing was reported by about one third, was more frequent in individuals with an unequal distribution of teeth and was correlated to impaired chewing ability. Both reduced chewing ability and unilateral chewing was closely correlated to increasing number of symptoms of dysfunction of the masticatory system. In all age-groups reduced chewing ability and unilateral chewing were reported more frequently by people who considered their general state of health impaired than by the healthy subjects.