Impact Sensitivity Research Articles

A practical comparative investigation of Bruceton and 3POD2.0 statistical testing methods on friction and impact sensitivity testing

ABSTRACT There are multiple different equipment and testing methods to perform sensitivity tests and to determine probabilities and stimulus values for sensitivity of energetic materials. In this study a Bruceton and Three-Phase Optimal Design (3POD2.0), implemented in gonogo software, statistical testing methods were compared in practice by using them to determine impact and friction sensitivity of selected energetic materials. With Bruceton method 50% of the impact sensitivity and 27% of the friction sensitivity test series had to be discarded, due to too high or low s/d ratio. With 3POD2.0 0% of impact and 18% of friction test series had to be discarded, due to an error produced by the gonogo software. The number of individual tests that had to be discarded was much lower with 3POD2.0, since the gonogo software terminates the test process at early phase, while with Bruceton the test series most often must be finished before the validity of results can be assessed. Based on these results and literary reviews it can be concluded that 3POD2.0 is a suitable replacement for Bruceton to determine 50% initiation probability, while additionally gaining the entire sensitivity curve, resulting in fewer futile tests and less wasted resources.

Nano-aluminum double coated with copper and HTPB by one pot method and its catalysis on AP

ABSTRACT Organic-inorganic double-coated aluminum nanopowders (HTPB/Cu/nAl) were synthesized using a one-pot method. The morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis revealed that Cu particles were uniformly dispersed around the nAl core, while HTPB formed a coating on the Cu/nAl surface. The thermal oxidation kinetics and catalytic effects on ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated a 9% increase in the active aluminum content of the double-coated nanopowders compared to uncoated nAl, and a reduction in the average activation energy for thermal oxidation from 297.75 kJ·mol-1 to 218.85 kJ·mol-1. The HTPB coating enhanced the friction and impact sensitivity of the Cu/nAl particles. Adding 5% HTPB/Cu/nAl to AP advanced the low- and high-temperature decomposition peaks by 5°C and 40°C, respectively, while reducing the activation energy of AP from 85.61 kJ·mol-1 to 79.79 kJ·mol-1. This addition significantly influenced the thermal decomposition of AP, improving combustion efficiency and enhancing compatibility within composite propellant formulations.

Self-assembly fabrication of SASN@GO composites with high electrostatic safety and thermal stability performances

ABSTRACT The high electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity and mechanical sensitivity of silver acetylide-silver nitrate (SASN) seriously affects its application. For solving this problem, novel SASN@GO nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a self-assembly method. Thin sheet graphene oxide (GO) was coated on the surface of SASN, and prevented the agglomeration of SASN nanoparticles effectively. GO content in SASN@GO nanocomposites was controlled (0.5 ~ 1.5 wt%) to balance explosive performance and safety. Results reveal that SASN@(1%)GO exhibits the best thermal safety and desensitization, with thermal decomposition temperature, impact sensitivity (I s), friction sensitivity (F s) and electrostatic energy at 50% ignition probability (E 50) of 208.2°C, 1.96 J, 128 N and 0.64 mJ respectively, which are much better than that of SASN, indicating safety performances of SASN are improved through the introducetion of a small amount of GO. This work provides a strategy for reducing the explosion risk of SASN.

Machine learning approaches for predicting impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials

Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials. Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge. Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators, potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials. In this background, impact sensitivity, detonation performances, and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out. Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials, including impact sensitivity, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and Gurney energy. Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion, oxygen balance, decomposition products, and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials. Oxygen balance, decomposition products, and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances. Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark, the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances: oxygen balance values should be between −40% and −30%, density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm3, HOMO energy levels should be between −6.34 and −6.31 eV, and lipophilicity should be between −1.0 and 0.1, 4.49 and 5.59. These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials, but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.

A semi-empirical parameter predicting the sensitivity of energetic materials from external pressure

Measuring the ability of a material to absorb energy from an external stimulus is crucial for understanding the sensitivity mechanism of energetic materials (EMs). Based on this, a semi-empirical parameter, M, is proposed to measure the material’s ability to absorb energy from an external stimulus, which is closely related to zero-point energy and volume. In this work, taking the external pressures (P) of 0.1 and 1.0 GPa as examples, we calculate the value of M for 16 EMs, and discuss the relationship between M and the impact sensitivity of EMs (E50). Considering the indispensable influence of molecular structure on the impact sensitivity of EMs, 16 EMs are divided into Groups A and B according to their structure whether contains a benzene ring. We find that the correlation between M0 and E50 when P is 0.1 GPa is less than that when P is 1.0 GPa. Therefore, the parameter M0 has been modified by adding the initial zero-point energy, and the modified parameter is referred to as M∗. The correlation between M∗ and E50 is further improved compared with M0. In particular, for Group B, the correlation between M∗ and E50 is good, where R2 is 0.95 and PCCs is 0.97 when P is 1.0 GPa, and R2 is 0.87 and PCCs is 0.92 when P is 0.1 GPa.

Direct near-infrared laser ignition of CL-20 by introducing DATNBI as a bi-functional additive: Energetic photosensitizer and self-assembly stimulator

The ignition strategy of energetic materials using low-energy near-infrared (NIR) laser has garnered significant attention due to its enhanced safety and reliability. This study explores the use of a relatively photosensitive but mechanical insensitive energetic material, DATNBI, to facilitate the self-assembly of nano-CL-20 crystals into polycrystalline particles though solvothermal induction, yielding a rough structure conducive to NIR laser ignition. The findings demonstrate that by adjusting the content of DATNBI, it is possible to achieve micro-nano controllable spherical CL-20/DATNBI (C/D) particles, with CL-20 as the primary component and DATNBI as the auxiliary component. The incorporation of DATNBI and the rough surface structure enhance the light absorption of C/D particles in the NIR band. Additionally, the unique synergistic effect between CL-20 and DATNBI during thermal decomposition further promotes NIR laser ignition. As expected, the C/D particles achieved self-sustained combustion and exhibited excellent combustion performance under a 1064 nm laser, which is challenging to be achieved with raw CL-20 or raw DATNBI. Furthermore, the relatively insensitive DATNBI and spherical structure reduced the impact sensitivity of the C/D particles. This multifunctional material strategy, integrating energy, safety environment-friendliness, and laser ignition performance, offers a novel approach for laser ignition of energetic materials.

Revealing the Hygroscopic Behavior of Ultrahigh Nitrogen Content Cyclo‐Pentazolate Salts

AbstractThree representative cyclo‐pentazolate salts including N2H5+N5−, NH3OH+N5− and NH4+N5−, are highly favored for their ultrahigh nitrogen content (80–96%). However, their ambiguous nature has severely restricted the application exploration. Herein, the relationships between humidity and moisture content of salt were established by quantitative analysis. Among the three salts, the hygroscopic ability has the following order: NH3OH+N5−>NH4+N5−>N2H5+N5−. Especially in the range of 40% RH −60% RH, the NH3OH+N5− has a high sensitivity to water, and the absorbed moisture content can be as high as 20.8% at 60% RH. When the relative humidity exceeds 60% RH, the hygroscopic rate of NH3OH+N5− rises sharply, at 80% RH, NH3OH+N5− will absorb excess moisture and turns into liquid form. After treating NH3OH+N5− at 40% RH, the very sensitive friction sensitivity (FS) and impact sensitivity (IS) of dried NH3OH+N5− (FS=20 N, IS=2 J) will change into insensitive salt (FS>360 N, IS>40 J). The higher moisture content in NH3OH+N5−, the lower the thermal stability, its thermal decomposition temperature (103.22°C) is 3.24°C lower than that of dry salt (106.46°C) at 75% RH (moisture content is 30.2%). The other two salts N2H5+N5− and NH4+N5− have the similar properties. Molecular dynamics simulation was further applied to explain the strong hygroscopicity of salts.

Synthesis and Properties of N1, N3‐di (2,4‐dinitrophenyl) −2‐fluoro‐1,3‐diamino‐4,6‐ Dinitrobenzene and its Analogues

AbstractPolynitrobenzene compounds are a type of heat‐resistant explosives with excellent thermal stability. This study reported three novel energetic compounds, namely compounds N1, N3‐bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐2‐fluoro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzene‐1,3‐ diamine (3), 2‐fluoro‐4,6‐dinitro‐N1,N3‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)benzene‐1,3‐ diamine (4), and 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dinitro‐N1,N3‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)benzene‐1,3‐ diamine (6). The target compounds were prepared with commercially available 2,3,4‐trifluoronitrobenzene and 2,3,4‐trichloronitrobenzole. The crystalline structures of compounds 3, 4, and 6 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and the crystal densities (ρ) were calculated to be 1.7585 g cm−3, 1.6651 g cm−3, and 1.7371 g cm−3, respectively. Based on the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation and crystal densities, the Chapman–Jouguet detonation properties of 3, 4, and 6 were predicted. Their enthalpy of formation (ΔHf), detonation velocities (D), and detonation pressures (P) were in the ranges of 110.1 kJ mol−1 to 349.9 Kj mol−1, 7264 m s−1 to 7770 m s−1, and 21.8 GPa to 25.9 GPa, respectively. Notably, the density, thermal decomposition temperature, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and impact sensitivity value of compound 3 were 1.76 g cm−3, 313°C, 7546 m s−1, 24.2 GPa, and 16 J, respectively, suggesting that compound 3 is a high‐performance heat‐resistant explosive.

Theoretical Investigation into Polymorphic Transformation between β-HMX and δ-HMX by Finite Temperature String

Polymorphic transformation is important in chemical industries, in particular, in those involving explosive molecular crystals. However, due to simulating challenges in the rare event method and collective variables, understanding the transformation mechanism of molecular crystals with a complex structure at the molecular level is poor. In this work, with the constructed order parameters (OPs) and K-means clustering algorithm, the potential of mean force (PMF) along the minimum free-energy path connecting β-HMX and δ-HMX was calculated by the finite temperature string method in the collective variables (SMCV), the free-energy profile and nucleation kinetics were obtained by Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations, and the temperature effect on nucleation was also clarified. The barriers of transformation were affected by the finite-size effects. The configuration with the lower potential barrier in the PMF corresponded to the critical nucleus. The time and free-energy barrier of the polymorphic transformation were reduced as the temperature increased, which was explained by the pre-exponential factor and nucleation rate. Thus, the polymorphic transformation of HMX could be controlled by the temperatures, as is consistent with previous experimental results. Finally, the HMX polymorph dependency of the impact sensitivity was discussed. This work provides an effective way to reveal the polymorphic transformation of the molecular crystal with a cyclic molecular structure, and further to prepare the desired explosive by controlling the transformation temperature.

Formation of flake-like DAAF crystals with tunable size realized on a microfluidic platform for binder-free initiator explosives

Flake-like energetic crystal has a great potential to achieve initiator explosive with high reactivity, low initiation threshold, high safety, and facile post-processing, but it has been limited for 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) by the difficulties in controlling crystal morphology. Here reported is a microfluidic preparation of flake-like DAAF crystals (f-DAAF) with tunable size by combined effect of the adding of facet-controlling agent (nigrosin alcohol soluble) and tuning of the external crystallization conditions. The results show that the crystal system of f-DAAF belong to monoclinic system, the (−201) facet is the largest exposed face. The f-DAAF possess high crystallinity, tunable flake aspect ratio from 6.15 to 66.8 and specific surface area from 2.57 to 5.67 m2·g−1. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the selective interactions between the two molecules (facet-controlling agent and solvent) and different crystal faces of DAAF in a real experiment environment. Combined with the experimental results, a possible growth mechanism of the flake-like morphology was discussed. It is found that the f-DAAF not only possess lower impact sensitivity itself, but also can reduce the impact sensitivity of other explosives with high impact sensitivity. The electric explosion derived flyer initiation experiments show that the initiation sensitivity of f-DAAF is much lower than that of raw DAAF in micron size, and comparable to that of ultrafine DAAF. This work demonstrates the promising application potential of f-DAAF as high-performance initiator explosives with low initiation threshold and high safety, and also provides an effective way for their preparation.

Combination energetic materials consisting of strained rings combined with high heat of formation tetrazoles.

The reaction of cyanogen azide with strained-ring containing primary and secondary amines led to the isolation of energetic molecules deriving their energy content from both strained rings as well as aminotetrazoles. Azo-coupling of these materials afforded novel high-nitrogen energetic materials of very high sensitivity. All compounds were chemically characterized by IR, NMR, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their impact and friction sensitivities were experimentally determined, and their energetic performances were calculated.

Dicationic Methylene‐Bridged Bis(1,2,4‐Triazolium): Construction of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Salts

AbstractA thermally stable and high nitrogen content energetic cation N,N'‐methylene‐bis(3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium) (MTAT, N = 69.38%, ΔHf = 1959.07 kJ/mol) has been used as a building block for preparing a new family of energetic salts. Compounds 1 and 4 were characterized by infrared and multinuclear NMR spectra. Structural confirmation of four salts (1–4) was supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations were performed to calculate the heats of formation and detonation performance using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5 v6.05 programs, respectively. The impact and friction sensitivity of COMPOUNDS 1 and 2 were measured using BAM standards. Based on experimental and theoretical results, two energetic salts (1 and 3) featuring the novel cation framework MTAT exhibited favorable densities ranging from 1.751 to 1.809 g cm−3 at 298 K, excellent thermal stability (Td: 250–257 °C), acceptable detonation performance (D: 8001–8097 m s−1, P: 23.3–26.7 GPa), and good impact and friction sensitivity (IS: 18–40 J, FS: 240–360 N).

Experimentation on Sargassum wightii as a flash powder igniter for attaining eco-friendly combustion on pyrotechnics

Firecrackers are a vital element of cultural festivities that happen worldwide. However, the hazardous by-products they emit have a significant impact on environmental pollution, leading to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Aluminium powder serves as the fuel in the traditional flash powder mixture, nitrate of potassium serves as an oxidizing agent, and sulphur acts as the igniter at exact concentrations. The presence of sulfur in the flash powder mixture is critical as it acts as an igniter, contributing to the formation of sulfur dioxide, which can cause environmental harm. We carried out an experiment employing Sargassum wightii brown seaweed powder as a replacement for sulphur at specific amounts to lessen the effects of sulphur in flash powder. We discovered that Sargassum wightii brown seaweed powder may replace up to 50% of the sulphur significance in the flash powder mixture without impairing the flash powder's traditional performance. Our experiments included impact and friction sensitivity, SEM, and FTIR analyses to evaluate the improved flash powder composition. The results revealed that the modified flash powder mixture SP5 and SP10 emits less emission by 12% and 21%, and produces similar noise performance of 108 and 107 dB(A) to the normal flash powder composition (SP), affirming that the SP10 flash powder is a viable alternative. Moreover, in our relentless pursuit to mitigate the detrimental effects on our environment, we have ingeniously introduced a novel product—the Chinese cracker made from vegetable waste paper. Not only does this innovative solution address concerns regarding land pollution, but it also presents a sustainable approach to consumer goods.

Reactivity of polyaniline composites with attractive cyclic nitramines

Composite microcrystals of the nitramines (NAs) RDX, HMX, BCHMX and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline (PANi) are a charge transfer complexes in composite crystals (CACs). The activation energies of thermolysis, Ea, of the pure NAs and their PANi-composites were determined using the Kissinger method, and decomposition processes are discussed. Except for the RDX/PANi CAC, all the other CACs show higher Ea values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts. For all CACs, relationships are specified between the Ea values, on the one hand, and the squares of the detonation velocities, enthalpies of formation, spark energy and impact sensitivities, on the other. The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition, ΔH, from DSC, and their enthalpy of formation, logarithm of impact sensitivity, electric spark energy, as well as detonation energy, are described. The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CAC; surprisingly close linear correlations were found, and explained, between these densities and the Ea values. This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs. Based on the results obtained, it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.

Theoretical Investigation of Energetic Materials Based on Imidazole Framework Featuring Azido/Nitro/Nitrato/Fluoro Groups

ABSTRACTDevelopment of new high‐energy materials (HEMs) is one of the thrust areas of research. These compounds are important for various applications such as propellants, gas generations, explosives in mining, construction, civil and military applications, and safety equipment for national security and defense. HEMs based on imidazole frameworks are currently getting research spotlight due to their exceptional detonation performance with optimum sensitivity. This study reports five imidazole derivatives containing azido/nitro/nitrato/fluoro functional groups. These groups are viable options to design promising explosives with moderate sensitivity. Density functional theory (DFT) method is adopted to determine the geometries, thermodynamic properties, detonation properties, and impact sensitivity of the designed molecules. All the compounds have high density in the range of 1.89–2.03 g/cm3 along with high heat of formation. These compounds aid in new strategy to design HEMs with optimum sensitivity.

Caprock sealing integrity and key indicators of CO2 geological storage considering the effect of hydraulic-mechanical coupling: X field in the Bohai Bay Basin, China

Caprock sealing efficiency is an essential guarantee for the long-term safety and stability of CO2 geological storage (CCS). However, the uncertainty in the physical and mechanical properties of deep formations poses challenges to accurately predict the risks of CO2 leakage resulting in CO2 breakthrough or caprock fracture. This study aims to address the issue of imperfect key indicators for caprock sealing by focusing on the CCS project in the Bohai Bay Basin, China. A hydraulic-mechanical (HM) coupling program without considering multiphase flow and the chemical reactions is secondary developed based on the finite element software ABAQUS. Furthermore, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model is established for the analysis of HM coupling, with pore pressure increment (∆PP), Coulomb failure stress (∆CFS) and displacement (U) as evaluation criteria. The Tornado analysis and response surface analysis are employed to analyze the impact of 17 indicators on the caprock sealing, including caprock thickness, burial depth, reservoir and caprock permeability parameters, and mechanical parameters. Subsequently, key performance indicators for caprock sealing are determined. The research results indicate that the reservoir permeability, injection rate, caprock permeability, caprock Young's modulus, caprock internal friction angle, caprock Poisson's ratio, and caprock burial depth are key indicators of caprock sealing capability. The reservoir permeability has a greater impact sensitivity compared to the caprock permeability. Pore pressure and displacement increase with increasing in reservoir permeability. The caprock's resistance to deformation and fracturing increases with increasing in Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of caprock. This study provides valuable insights for evaluating caprock sealing during CO2 storage in saline aquifers.

A novel ADN/TANPDO supramolecular crystal with anti-hygroscopicity and high energy: A promising strategy to construct advanced propellant materials

Herein, encapsulating NH4+ ions through molecular self-assembly method has been employed to reduce the strong hygroscopicity of ADN (ammonium dinitramide). A novel ADN/TANPDO (2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide) supramolecular crystal with a 3:2 ratio was obtained using a rapid, green, efficient, and scalable self-assembly method. Compared with pure ADN, ADN/TANPDO supramolecular crystal exhibits a significantly lower hygroscopicity rate of 2.76 % (25 °C and 75 % relative humidity) and a lower impact sensitivity of 15 J, as well as a markedly higher specific impulse of 236 s. Additionally, the propellant formulation based on ADN/TANPDO supramolecular crystal presents high predicted energy with decreased content of HCl gas, making it a promising candidate for a high-energy and low-characteristic signal propellant component. Furthermore, this work offers a promising strategy to construct supramolecular crystals for solving the strong hygroscopicity of ADN and simultaneously assemble oxidizers with high-energy materials together at the molecular scale to achieve advanced propellant materials in the future.

Energetic Azoxy‐Coupled Tetrazoles

ABSTRACTAzoxy coupling of 5‐amino‐1‐methyl‐tetrazole, 5‐amino‐2‐methyl‐tetrazole, and 5‐amino‐1‐methoxy‐tetrazole was performed by reacting each with various oxidants. These reactions revealed aqueous Oxone to be the most facile system for yielding the azoxy couple for the previously mentioned tetrazoles. Chemical and structural characterization of each novel azoxy‐coupled tetrazole was conducted with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. Energetic characterization was evaluated by analysis of each compounds' single crystal x‐ray diffraction density, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature. All compounds were found to be very sensitive to impact and friction stimuli.

Molecule Empowerment and Crystal Desensitization: A Multilevel Structure-Property Analysis toward Designing High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Layered Energetic Materials.

Layered energetic materials (LEMs) can effectively balance energy and mechanical sensitivity, making them a current research focus in the field of energetic materials. However, the influence of the layered stacking pattern on impact sensitivity is still unclear, leading to the lack of advanced design strategies for high-energy low-sensitivity LEMs. Herein, we first utilize novel indicators such as maximum plane separation and hydrogen bond dimension to perform high-throughput screening on over 106 candidate structures, resulting in 17 target crystals. A systematic analysis was then conducted on the relationships between the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the weakest energy-storing bond at the molecular level, the intralayer hydrogen bond energy (HBE), and the sliding energy barrier (SEB) at the crystal level with impact sensitivity. The findings suggest that a material can have low sensitivity only if at least two of the three properties perform well, and the interlayer sliding resistance can be reduced by enhancing the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions, which reasonably explains the experimental phenomena. More importantly, we developed a prediction model for the impact sensitivity of LEMs with a coefficient of determination of 0.88. Additionally, factors affecting HBE and SEB were identified, and a linear model was established based on molecular-level feature variables. Finally, a new strategy for designing high-energy low-sensitivity LEMs was proposed, namely, empowerment at the molecular scale and desensitization at the crystal scale. This study integrates high-throughput screening, multilevel structure-property relationship analysis, and mathematical model construction, offering new perspectives for the development of novel high-energy and low-sensitivity energetic materials.

Preparation, characterization, and investigation of thermal behavior of improved HMX and RDX through coating by TNT

ABSTRACT Simultaneous achievement of both low sensitivity and high energy is crucial in practical applications of high energetic materials such as HMX and RDX. In this work, TNT, a low-sensitive explosive, was used to improve sensitivity and thermal stability of HMX and RDX explosives. The method is based on coating HMX and RDX with TNT using solvent-anti-solvent technique. The characterization of samples was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM and TEM images revealed that a layer of TNT was coated on the HMX and RDX surfaces. TG/DSC thermograms for HMX/TNT and RDX/TNT show that decomposition enthalpy change (ΔH) increased to 121.1 and 197.6 J/g compared to pure HMX and RDX, respectively. Fluidity test results showed that the fluidity of the samples improved from medium to good grade after coating. The impact sensitivity for HMX/TNT and RDX/TNT improved to 7.35 and 19.62 J, respectively. Also, friction sensitivity for coated HMX and RDX increased to 210.2 and 196.1 N. The electrostatic discharge experiments showed that HMX/TNT and RDX/TNT were safer than pure HMX and RDX. Therefore, the coated samples will be good candidates for energetic formulations.