Impact Of WTO Accession Research Articles

Trade-offs? The Impact of WTO Accession on Intimate Partner Violence in Cambodia

Abstract We study the impact of trade-induced changes in labor market conditions on violence within the household. We exploit the local labor demand shocks generated by Cambodia’s WTO accession to assess how changes in the employment of women relative to men affected the risk of intimate partner violence. We document that men in districts facing larger tariff reductions experienced a significant decline in paid employment, whereas women in harder-hit districts increased their entry into the labor force. These changes in employment patterns triggered backlash effects by increasing intimate partner violence, without changes in marriage, fertility, psychological distress, or household consumption.

Uzbekistan’s Trade Policy Liberalization. Predicted Impact of WTO Accession on Chemical Industry Trade

This paper is dedicated to the recent reforms in Uzbekistan’s foreign trade policy and the process of the country’s accession to the World Trade Organization. It pays special attention to the chemical industry trade; with the partial equilibrium model employed, expected changes in imports of chemicals, budget revenues and consumer welfare are revealed. Two scenarios — mere tariff reduction or abolition of country-specific discrimination practices in imports — are considered. Results show that, in the former case, imports of chemical products and consumer welfare will slightly increase and budget revenues will decline; the outcome in the latter case differs: budget revenues will grow considerably, whereas imports and consumer welfare will decrease. We conclude in the latter case that the negative effect will be outweighed by creating a fairer, more competitive environment thanks to removing discrimination practices such as import-specific excise taxes and exemptions on import duty payments for state companies.

Trade-Offs? The Impact of WTO Accession on Intimate Partner Violence in Cambodia

Trade-Offs? The Impact of WTO Accession on Intimate Partner Violence in Cambodia

Exporting Out of Agriculture: The Impact of WTO Accession on Structural Transformation in China

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 on structural transformation at the local level, exploiting cross-sectional variation in tariff uncertainty faced by county economies pre-2001. Using a new panel of 1,800 Chinese counties from 1996 to 2013, we find that counties more exposed to the reduction in tariff uncertainty postaccession are characterized by increased exports and foreign direct investment, shrinking agricultural sectors, expanding secondary sectors, and higher total and per capita GDP. In addition, when labor substitutes from nonagricultural to agricultural production in counties exposed to positive trade shocks, agricultural output declines.

The Impact of WTO Accession on Chinese Firms’ Product and Labor Market Power

This paper examines the causal impact of domestic trade liberalization on Chinese firms' product and labor market power. To recover both market power measures, we identify a firm's regime of competitiveness, corresponding to a product market setting and a labor market setting, at any point in time. The identification is based on implementing the distance test, which takes the dependence between both settings into account. The product market setting is defined to be imperfectly competitive if the firm sets a price-cost markup, which is our model consistent measure of product market power. The labor market setting is defined to be imperfectly competitive if the firm either pays a wage markup or sets a wage markdown. Our model consistent measure of labor market power is either the workers' bargaining power during work-firm negotiations in the former or the wage elasticity of the firm's labor supply curve capturing its wage-setting power in the latter. To establish causal evidence of trade shocks on product and labor market power, we use China's WTO accession in 2001 as an identification strategy. Reducing tariffs on intermediate inputs decreases the likelihood of shifting firms away from an imperfectly competitive labor market setting. Reducing tariffs on final goods increases the likelihood of shifting firms away from setting wage markdowns. Trade liberalization via input tariff reductions increases a firm's price-cost markup but decreases the degree of wage-setting power that it possesses, conditional on the relevant product/labor market setting. Such joint responses of firms' pricing behavior in product and labor markets to trade policy changes are important for understanding the distributional consequences of trade shocks and the underlying drivers of increased inter-firm wage disparities.

Impact of WTO Accession on Agriculture Sustainable Development in the Russian Federation

Abstract In the globalized context of the modern world, the phenomenon of regional integration is one of the most significant factors influencing every aspect of social and economic development of the society. In this regard, new economic relations are formed in Russia in all sectors of the economy, including its industrial agricultural complex. Russian economy as a whole and its agriculture are experiencing the effects of various factors that have both a global and regional perspectives.

中国のWTO加盟と保険市場

「改革開放」の国策施行後，中国は長年の交渉を経て2001年にWTO加盟を果たした。本稿では，WTO加盟から10年が経つ今，中国における保険市場開放のプロセスを辿りながら，外資系保険会社による市場参入の影響を分析した。とくに持続的な高度経済成長と市場開放の相乗効果により，中国保険市場が急速な発展を遂げているなかで，戦略論の視点から外資系保険会社の市場参入の考察を通じて，その背景にある中国固有の地域特性を浮き彫りにした。そして，地域の経済発展水準が外資系保険会社の市場参入基準において，もっとも重要な前提要件となっていることを強調した。

The Impact of WTO Accession on Russia's Agriculture

The article analyzes the impact of WTO accession on Russia's agricultural sector. Three aspects of WTO rules that will affect Russian agriculture are examined: (1) financial support from the Russian government, (2) market access for foreign imports, and (3) market access for Russia's food exports. Addressing the question of positive and negative impacts on Russia's agricultural sector, the article asks if a pessimistic view that sees primarily negative consequences as a result of accession is justified. Claims made by skeptics who are dismissive of the impact WTO entry will have on Russian agriculture are also considered.

Trade, Investment and Beyond: The Impact of WTO Accession on China's Legal System

AbstractThis article assesses the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on its foreign trade and investment regime. While the government had begun liberalizing the Chinese economy long before joining the WTO, the accession induced regulatory, institutional and normative changes that have transformed the landscape of trade and investment in China. The profound impact of the WTO stems directly from the extensive commercial and rule commitments China undertook in its accession. Focusing on the most significant of these commitments, the article examines their implications for Chinese constitutional law and their effect on the regulation of foreign trade, foreign investment, intellectual property rights and domestic governance. Additionally, it looks at the impact of WTO disputes on Chinese law and practice. It concludes that China's accession has made its foreign trade and investment regime far more liberalized and less opaque than a decade ago. More importantly, the accession has institutionalized the process of China's domestic reform externally through the force of WTO obligations. Although much uncertainty remains concerning the future direction of government policies, WTO membership ensures that the course of China's economic development will be charted within the disciplines of the WTO system.

The Impact of WTO Accession on China's Legal System: Trade, Investment and Beyond

This paper assesses the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on its foreign trade and investment regime. While the government had begun liberalizing the Chinese economy long before joining the WTO, the accession induced regulatory, institutional and normative changes that have transformed the landscape of trade and investment in China. The profound impact of the WTO stems directly from the extensive commercial and rule commitments China undertook in its accession. Focusing on the most significant of these commitments, the paper examines their implications for Chinese constitutional law and their effect on the regulation of foreign trade, foreign investment, intellectual property rights, and domestic governance. In addition, it looks at enforcement of China's commitments through the WTO review and dispute settlement mechanisms. The paper concludes that China's WTO accession has made its foreign trade and investment regime far more liberalized and less opaque than a decade ago. More importantly, the accession has institutionalized the process of China's domestic reform externally through the force of WTO obligations. Although much uncertainty remains concerning the future direction of government policies, WTO membership ensures that the course of China's economic development will be charted within the disciplines of the WTO system.

Changing Chinese employment relations since WTO accession

PurposeThis paper examines the challenges facing China's employment relations after its WTO accession and consequently, the implications for further reform.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical questions are considered in relation to the debate on globalization vs the nation‐state over political, economic and social issues. By examining the challenges from both internal and external sources, the paper investigates the impact on the employment relations system at both macro‐ and micro‐levels.FindingsThe major finding of this paper is that the current system of employment relations system in China is in the process of transformation towards a “hybrid” model combining authoritarianism and neo‐corporatism.Originality/valueThis paper provides the most recent analysis on the impact of WTO accession on the changing pattern of employment relations in China. It helps people who are interested in transitional economy in general and in China in particular to have a better understanding about the transformation of employment relations system under the influence of different forces.

The Impact of WTO Accession on China's Insurance Industry

AbstractThis article provides an overview of China's commitments to the WTO with respect to the insurance sector, along with an analysis of the major issues to be faced by China's insurance industry following WTO accession.