Impact Of Water Consumption Research Articles

Life Cycle Assessment of Green Space Irrigation Using Treated Wastewater: A Case Study

Water scarcity is a pressing issue that makes it essential to manage this resource efficiently and sustainably. One solution to combat this issue is the use of treated wastewater (TWW) to irrigate green spaces in cities. However, it is crucial to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with this practice. To this end, life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most advanced tool available. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental implications of using TWW for lawn irrigation in the city of Viseu. The ReCiPe 2016 method, supported by SimaPro software, was employed for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). An attributional approach was used, and the system boundaries were expanded to include the non-discharge of TWW into the receiving environment, the avoided consumption of domestic water, and the avoided consumption of chemical fertilizers. The results revealed that using TWW for lawn irrigation is preferable in terms of human health and ecosystem damage but unfavorable in terms of resource damage. When considering the impact of water consumption on human health and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, it is recommended to use treated wastewater for lawn irrigation.

Water Resource Utilization Assessment in China Based on the Dynamic Relationship between Economic Growth and Water Use

Water scarcity has significantly hampered China’s economic, social, and environmental development. Ensuring sustainable water utilization is crucial given the mounting water stress accompanying continuous economic growth. A quantitative water resource forewarning model was constructed using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. By analyzing the key indicators related to water systems and GDP data from 2001 to 2022, the VAR model revealed the long-term dynamic correlation between water consumption and economic growth using generalized impulse response, co-integration, and predictive variance decomposition analyses. The results revealed the presence of a long-term equilibrium between water consumption and economic growth, with a stable co-integration relationship and an optimal lag period of one year. The positive impact of water consumption on economic development increased during the 2001–2022 period, indicating a rising dependence of GDP on water resources. Water usage rose with economic development, while the water resource carrying capacity remained high and continued to grow. Based on the generalized impulse response, co-integration, and predictive variance decomposition analyses, this study predicted water-use-related indicators, providing vital early warnings for China’s water environment carrying capacity from 2023 to 2050. This enabled informed decision-making and fostered sustainable water management practices for the future.

Impact of water consumption on the economic viability of energy efficiency improvements for industrial steam systems

Impact of water consumption on the economic viability of energy efficiency improvements for industrial steam systems

Input–Output Global Hybrid Analysis of Agricultural Primary Production (IO-GHAAPP) Database

In many regions of the world, water consumption exceeds the limits of sustainable water use. A commonly used method to examine the relationship between global water consumption and production is input–output analysis. However, between approximately 70% and 90% of freshwater consumption occurs in agricultural primary production, which is often represented by only a small percentage of the total number of sectors in input–output databases. As a result, water-related assessments based on input–output analysis are limited in their accuracy and substance. In addition, the assessment of the impact of water consumption is usually carried out at the national level, which can further contribute to the imprecision of the results. Therefore, the primary objective of this work was to develop an approach to better assess water use and its impacts in input–output analysis. In order to achieve this objective, a novel approach was adopted by integrating a global spatial model of agricultural primary production (MapSPAM) into an existing input–output database via prorating. In addition, the utilisation of MapSPAM allowed the calculation of water environmental extensions with unprecedented accuracy. The resulting Input–Output Global Hybrid Analysis of Agricultural Primary Production (IO-GHAAPP) approach includes (1) a novel input–output database and (2) novel environmental extensions for freshwater consumption and scarcity. The IO-GHAAPP database consists of 150 categories and 164 regions, resulting in a total of 24,600 region–category combinations. Forty-two of the categories are dedicated to agricultural primary production (28%). In comparison, the source input–output data consist of 120 categories and 164 regions, resulting in a total of 19,680 region–category combinations, of which 14 are dedicated to agricultural primary production (12%). The Python code and IO-GHAAPP database are openly available via Zenodo. The IO-GHAAPP approach is presented in a comparative analysis of agricultural primary production, along with the associated water consumption and water footprint, at both the global level and for the United States and India. Both countries are among the most important in the world in terms of agricultural primary production as well as associated water consumption and water scarcity. Furthermore, the IO-GHAAPP approach is applied in a simple case study of Germany, which stands in contrast as one of the largest importers of agricultural primary production on a global scale. The results show that the IO-GHAAPP approach adds a valuable layer of information to the disaggregated input–output data, allowing crop-specific analyses to be carried out that would otherwise not be possible, e.g., for specific leguminous or beverage crops. The results are relevant to practitioners of input–output analysis who are concerned with the impacts of agricultural primary production and who need highly resolved data, as well as to policy-makers who rely on such studies. The demonstrated IO-GHAAPP approach could be extended to other externalities relevant to agricultural primary production, such as land use, soil degradation or pollution.

Bivariate socioeconomic drought assessment based on a hybrid framework and impact of human activities

Socioeconomic drought generally occurs when water supply cannot satisfy water demand. This study proposed a hybrid framework for socioeconomic drought assessment, involving the construction of standardized water supply-demand reliability index (SWSDRI), truncation of drought events, and classification of bivariate drought levels. Using the run theory, socioeconomic drought events and their properties, including duration and severity, were characterized by the SWSDRI series. Then, bivariate socioeconomic drought levels, based on the Kendall frequency of drought duration and severity, were classified using the copula function. Impacts of human activities on socioeconomic drought, including mainly the regulation of reservoirs and water consumption were quantified in the Dongjiang River basin, located in the south of China. Results showed that the framework, based on SWSDRI, facilitated the investigation of socioeconomic drought properties. The joint distributions of drought duration and severity, based on naturalized streamflow and under the individual and total impacts of human activities, were fitted well by the Archimedean copulas. Both drought duration and severity clearly exhibited the slight, moderate, severe, and extreme droughts classified by bivariate drought levels. For naturalized streamflow, socioeconomic drought occurred approximately once a year in the Dongjiang River basin. Design values of the combination of drought duration and severity accounted for 3.4 months and 8.0 hundred million cubic meters of the boundary between slight and moderate droughts, 4.9 months and 13.6 hundred million cubic meters of the boundary between moderate and severe droughts, and 6.9 months and 20.0 hundred million cubic meters of the boundary between moderate and severe droughts, respectively. Under the impact of human activities, in particular the regulation of reservoirs, socioeconomic drought was remarkably alleviated with a decrease of 45.8% in quantity. If the impact of water consumption was considered, drought events in quantitive terms remained almost unchanged, but more extreme and severe droughts occurred, because some slight, moderate, and severe droughts were aggravated by one level. Among the main reservoirs, the impact of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in the period of its operation was remarkable with a decrease in drought events by 47.7%. Under the impact of the Fengshuba reservoirs, drought events changed little in quantitive terms, but more slight droughts occurred because some moderate, severe, and extreme droughts were alleviated.

Comparative study of environmental impacts related to wheat production with human-urine based fertilizers versus mineral fertilizers

Most of the fertilizers used in conventional agriculture are derived from nonrenewable resources: natural gas for nitrogen fertilizers and fossil mines for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. On the other hand, the nutrients from human urine are poorly recycled with regard to agricultural repurposing, despite the fact that urine can be a nutrient resource for agriculture. Human urine may be collected through source separation and treated to produce urine-based fertilizers, resulting in various value chains. However, the environmental impacts and benefits of this fertilization method compared to current fertilization practices are not well known.Using a life cycle assessment, we assessed the environmental impacts of three scenarios of wheat production fertilized with three different urine-based fertilizers: stored urine, nitrified concentrated urine and alkalinized dehydrated urine. We compared them to a reference scenario in which mineral fertilizers are used for wheat production and urine is treated in a wastewater treatment plant.The environmental impacts for the scenarios using the urine-based fertilizer value chains were lower than those for the reference scenario for climate change, eutrophication, fossil resource and water consumption impact categories. These lower impacts were partly related to the avoided impacts from mineral fertilizer production. Moreover, the avoided impacts from the sanitation system (water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and nutrient discharge to the river) were significant and allowed for further and greater reduction of the environmental impacts for the urine-based fertilizer scenarios compared to those for the reference scenario. Nevertheless, stored and alkalinized dehydrated urine can induce higher ammonia volatilization compared to mineral fertilizers, resulting in a higher acidification potential and particulate matter emissions. The electricity consumption values for the nitrified concentrated urine and alkalinized dehydrated urine fertilizers are also higher than that of the reference system. Thus, ammonia volatilization and energy consumption of the urine treatments have been identified as the main environmental hotspots of urine-based fertilizer value chains. In conclusion, the use of urine-based fertilizers completes biogeochemical cycles for the sustainable management of nutrients. It also enables a global reduction of the environmental impacts of fertilization in agriculture and of wastewater treatment.

Deep geothermal energy extraction, a review on environmental hotspots with focus on geo-technical site conditions

Knowledge about the environmental impacts of geothermal energy is important for understanding the role this technology could play in the transition towards sustainable energy production systems. In this study 30 life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on geothermal energy plants were reviewed, focusing on the major environmental hotspots and the cause-effect relationships between the geo-technical parameters and these environmental impacts. The variability in the reported environmental impacts is explained, and a more transparent picture of the geological, design and technical factors causing these impacts is provided by triangularly evaluating the reported results based on the plant's geo-technical characteristics (such as, well depth and geofluid temperature), the life cycle inventory, and the hotspot analysis results. The study focuses on six impact indicators that have been identified as high priority for geothermal energy by the GEOENVI project, as well as the water consumption impact. The results indicate that the impacts vary in magnitude and across different life cycle phases. Apart from the type of energy conversion technology used, differences in the geological and design parameters also introduce large variability in the impact results reported in the literature. Furthermore, all the reviewed LCAs adopt a static approach. Therefore, we present a research agenda that highlights the need to perform dynamic LCAs on geothermal energy exploitation plants to consider the changing context in which these technologies are operating.

English

In the Brazilian semi-arid region, most cattle properties that use small dams as a source of water are unaware of the water balance of this system, which makes it difficult to plan and use this resource rationally. In this context, the objective was to demonstrate the impact of water consumption from a ruminant production system in a small reservoir. The water use model was developed using the Vensim PLE™ software for a hypothetical farm located in Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The reservoir capacity and evaporation, infiltration and runoff rates were estimated from the literature and rainfall was estimated using the probability density function in the @RISK© software. The use of irrigation, water consumption of the family and farm, and water consumption by goats, sheep and cattle were estimated from the literature. In the horizon of 30 years, in only five of these the maximum capacity of the reservoir was reached. In the most demanding water scenarios, years are observed in which the reservoir dries up completely, making animal production unfeasible. Using the proposed model, it was possible to estimate, using real indicators, combinations to find the best way to use water, depending on the type of herd and the use of irrigation. Key words: Animal production system, small reservoir, stochastic simulation, systems dynamics.

The Perception of Water Contamination and Risky Consumption in El Salvador from a Community Clinical Psychology Perspective.

This study was carried out as part of the international cooperation project “Agua Futura” for the improvement of water resource management and the promotion of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviors in rural communities of Central America. Given the relevant healthcare problem of water pollution, especially in El Salvador, the aim was to detect some key factors affecting the perception of water contamination and its risky consumption from a community clinical psychological perspective. Ninety rural inhabitants of El Salvador were administered a structured interview exploring their perceptions about water quality and the impact of water consumption on health. Data were analyzed through a computer-aided thematic analysis—complemented by a qualitative analysis—allowing the detection of sense-making processes based on lexical variability. Different themes were identified with regard to the perception of water quality (i.e., mistrust, danger, and safety) and the beliefs about the impact of water consumption on health (i.e., rationalization, denial, awareness, displacement, and isolation of affect). The results showed heterogeneous perspectives about water quality and sanitation. However, the perceived negative impact of water consumption on health was mostly denied or minimized through massive distortions. Overall, the study highlights the role of defensive patterns in facing issues of water contamination, which may prevent the community from adopting healthy behaviors and adequate water management behaviors.

Assessing the impact of electricity consumption on water resources in the U.S.

Electricity generation heavily relies on water. Growing electricity demand globally inevitably leads to water availability concerns. This study proposes a means to quantify the indirect water usage embodied in electricity and assesses the holistic impact of water consumption on available water resources. First, the energy water intensity factor (EWIF), which quantifies the amount of water used to produce energy, is updated at the contiguous U.S. balancing authority (BA) level and on an end user basis to account for electricity trades using an input-output model. Further, the scarce water index (SWI), or volume of scarce water embodied per kWh electricity consumed, is proposed to predict electricity consuming facility water stress impact as the water scarcity footprint (WSF). A case study of U.S. data centers is presented to demonstrate the use of these metrics. Results show that WSF is region-dependent, and the burden of regional water scarcity extends beyond region boundaries.

Alteration of the Kidney Structure of White Rat after Water Administration from Martapura River

Martapura River is indicated to have been contaminated by heavy metal can adversely affect the kidneys. This study aims to analyze the impact of water consumption of the Martapura River on the microscopic image of white rat kidneys. Microscopic structure of the kidneys studied were the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule, and renal medullary tubule. Research design used a post test only with control group, with 32 white rats as the subject divided into 2 research groups, namely control group (given distilled water) and treatment group (given Martapura River water) ad libitum for 30 days. Analysis of research data using test t-independent at 95% confidence level. The results showed the number of glomerulus in the control group was less than the treatment group (p = 0.017); the glomerular diameter in the treatment group was smaller than the control group (p = 0.007); the number of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was less than the control group (p = 0.025); lumen diameter of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.025); the number of renal medullary tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.347); and the lumen diameter of the renal medulla tubules in the treatment did not differ significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.015). Conclusion is consuming Martapura river water which contains heavy metals causing damage to the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule and tubule of the renal medulla

Impact of water consumption on renal function in the general population: a cross-sectional analysis of KNHANES data (2008\u20132017)

BackgroundThe renoprotective effect of water intake remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between water intake and renal impairment in the Korean general population, focusing on individual differences in body fluid distribution and risk of chronic dehydration.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2008–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Adult participants who had body weight and serum creatinine data and had answered 24-h recall nutritional survey were included. Four water intake groups were defined by daily total water intake per body weight: lowest (< 20 mL/kg/day), low-moderate (20–29.9 mL/kg/day), high-moderate (30–49.9 mL/kg/day), and highest (≥ 50 mL/kg/day). We assessed the risk of renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) according to water intake.ResultsIn total of 50,113 participants, 3.9% had renal impairment. The risk of renal impairment gradually decreased as water intake increased. After adjustment of sodium intake, the trend of renoprotective effect was remained in low-moderate and high-moderate water intake group compared to low intake group, whereas no significant impact was observed with the highest water intake due to concurrent intake of high sodium. In subgroup analysis, the renoprotective effect of water intake was significant in the participants with elderly, male and daily sodium intake over 2 g/day.ConclusionsHigh daily water intake is renoprotective. Our data may provide an important basis for determining the amount of water intake needed to prevent renal impairment, considering variations in body weight, body composition and risk of chronic dehydration.

Water consumption during pre-operative hand sanitisation: A qi project for the post-COVID-19 world

Context: Water is a scarce and precious resource in many parts of the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has reemphasised the importance of handwashing and sanitisation. The world is moving back to opening the surgical procedures once again. Aims: The aim is to analyse the impact of water consumption and the cost associated with surgical hand sanitisation. Settings and Design: Quality Improvement Project. Subjects and Methods: This is a quality improvement project; members of the surgical team were asked to scrub and amount of flowing water for 5 min was collected in a measuring bucket. The hospital sinks are equipped with either manual or automatic motion sensor taps. This was reflected in the total amount of water and cost that was calculated for the operative cases of 2019. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics, calculating the mean. Results: Three minutes was the average scrub time for the six participants. Thirty litres of water were consumed using a manual tap with continuous flow for 5 min. In comparison just 7.5 L of water were consumed using a motion sensor tap. A total of 7060 cases were operated in the year of 2019 with an annual cost that ranged from 1.8 to 7.5 million United Arab Emirates Dirham. Conclusions: The surgical handwashing technique is associated with a considerable amount of water. Motion sensor taps have the advantage to decrease wasting with water flowing only during actual washing. Techniques to decrease that amount are available and can be considered to preserve the water.

О некоторых аспектах окружающей среды и здоровья детей Якутии: социологический ракурс

The paper deals with the problem of water pollution in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Considerable water resources are concentrated on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. However, providing the population with high-quality drinking water is one of the main regional problems. Water sources are negatively affected by industrial enterprises. Natural and climatic features of Yakutia also play a significant role. As a result, there is a negative impact of water consumption on human health, primarily children’s health. The author of the paper analyzes how this problem manifests itself in urban and rural settlements. It is concluded that ensuring water security is an important component of the security of Yakutia and the national security of Russia. Solving this problem requires an integrated approach and comprehensive research.

Water impact of an optimal natural gas production and distribution system: An MILP model and the case-study of Mexico

This study presents a mathematical programming approach for evaluating the exploitation and distribution of shale gas from potential reserves at a national level, depending upon existing infrastructure and water availability. The study describes an MILP model that simultaneously integrates water management with the design and planning of the supply chain, from basins to distribution markets and fresh water supply from available watersheds. The model is applied to a case based on the potential exploitation of shale gas basins in Mexico. The parameters of the model are mostly taken from the databases of the country, processed through the geographic information system ArcGIS. The solution provides the optimal decisions for exploitation and distribution, as well as for freshwater source selection and optimal wastewater management. Water management strategies include disposal, wastewater treatment in municipal plants and onsite treatment. The negative impact of water consumption of the optimal exploitation systems is assessed based mainly on the estimation of the water stress index. Results show that the shale gas exploitation would favor the energy independence of the country, but the availability of freshwater for some municipalities would be compromised.

Quantifying net water consumption of Norwegian hydropower reservoirs and related aquatic biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment

Compared to conventional energy technologies, hydropower has the lowest carbon emissions per kWh. Therefore, hydropower electricity production can contribute to combat climate change challenges. However, hydropower electricity production may at the same time contribute to environmental impacts and has been characterized as a large water consumer with impacts on aquatic biodiversity. Life Cycle Assessment is not yet able to assess the biodiversity impact of water consumption from hydropower electricity production on a global scale. The first step to assess these biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment is to quantify the water consumption per kWh energy produced. We calculated catchment-specific net water consumption values for Norway ranging between 0 and 0.012 m3/kWh. Further, we developed the first characterization factors for quantifying the aquatic biodiversity impacts of water consumption in a post-glaciated region. We apply our approach to quantify the biodiversity impact per kWh Norwegian hydropower electricity. Our results vary over six orders of magnitude and highlight the importance of a spatial explicit approach. This study contributes to assessing the biodiversity impacts of water consumption globally in Life Cycle Assessment.

The impact of water consumption on hydration and cognition among schoolchildren: Methods and results from a crossover trial in rural Mali

Adequate provision of safe water, basic sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and behavior change can reduce pupil absence and infectious disease. Increased drinking water quantity may also improve educational outcomes through the effect of hydration on attention, concentration, and short-term memory. A pilot study was conducted to adapt field measures of short-term cognitive performance and hydration, to evaluate levels of hydration, and to investigate the impact of providing supplementary drinking water on the cognitive performance of pupils attending water-scarce schools in rural Mali. Using a cross-over trial design, data were collected under normal school conditions (control condition) on one visit day; on the other, participants were given a bottle of water that was refilled throughout the day (water condition). Morning and afternoon hydration was assessed using specific gravity and urine color. Cognitive performance was evaluated using six paper-based tests. Three percent of pupils were dehydrated on the morning of each visit. The prevalence of dehydration increased in the afternoon, but was lower under the water condition. Although there was a trend indicating drinking water may improve cognitive test performance, as has been shown in studies in other settings, results were not statistically significant and were masked by a “practice effect.”

Водопотребление на водосборах арктических рек и в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации: параметры, структура, многолетняя динамика

Water consumption into the Arctic zone of Russia and at the catchments of the Arctic seas of Russia is relatively small. In 2006-2017 on the watershed of the Arctic seas an average of 21.3 km3 of natural waters were being taken annually, and within the Arctic zone of Russia was 2.6 km3/year, or, respectively, of 28.8 and 3.5% of the national volume. Whereas these regions occupy about 71% and 18% of the country’s area. This is an objective consequence of the very small population and economic development of these territories. The volume of discharge of salvaged waters on the catchments of the Arctic seas is comparable to the volume of water intake and is equal to 15.2 km3/year, or 71%. The difference between water withdrawal and discharges of salvaged water within the Arctic zone of Russia is even less. Therefore, there is no statistically significant impact of water consumption on the water resources of the Arctic rivers, as well as shortage of water resources in the region. In addition, current water consumption is characterized, firstly, by its absence in many territories. Secondly, it is 30-50% less than it was in the 1980s. Thirdly, the water consumption value, on the contrary, has increased in the districts of development of oil and gas production. Fourthly, the water supply of industrial enterprises, heat power and public utilities exclusively dominates in the sectoral structure of water consumption. Fifthly, river waters make up main part of the water use. The study also had several important additional results. The first result is the creation of a unique map illustrating the values and features of spatial changes in water management characteristics in the Arctic zone of Russia. The second is conclusions regarding the reliability and completeness of data of various origin, including from alternative sources of information. The third is the successful implementation of the water management review approach with a transition from a macro-scale level to specific areas, localities and water consumers.

Regional analyses of water use in Japanese paddy rice cultivation using modified water footprint indexes

Water use in paddy rice cultivation was evaluated from the perspective of the environmental impact of water resource consumption for seven regions in Japan. Water resources can be appropriately discussed on a flow basis, and the impact of water consumption depends on the available water flow, which varies largely by time and location, in addition to the amount of water consumption itself. In this study, differential and integral water footprints were used as the indexes for the analyses. These indexes were previously developed and can help draw conclusions regarding the continuous impact of consumption on the water resources on a flow basis, taking into account the regional and temporal conditions of water supply. The results showed that the impact of water consumption was higher in regions with less amount of river flow. In particular, a large variation of impact, with temporally high values, was observed in such regions. These results suggest the necessity of water management on the basis of not only total or average water flow, but also temporal variation.

Global guidance on environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators: impacts of climate change, fine particulate matter formation, water consumption and land use

Guidance is needed on best-suited indicators to quantify and monitor the man-made impacts on human health, biodiversity and resources. Therefore, the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative initiated a global consensus process to agree on an updated overall life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) framework and to recommend a non-comprehensive list of environmental indicators and LCIA characterization factors for (1) climate change, (2) fine particulate matter impacts on human health, (3) water consumption impacts (both scarcity and human health) and 4) land use impacts on biodiversity. The consensus building process involved more than 100 world-leading scientists in task forces via multiple workshops. Results were consolidated during a 1-week Pellston Workshop™ in January 2016 leading to the following recommendations. LCIA framework: The updated LCIA framework now distinguishes between intrinsic, instrumental and cultural values, with disability-adjusted life years (DALY) to characterize damages on human health and with measures of vulnerability included to assess biodiversity loss. Climate change impacts: Two complementary climate change impact categories are recommended: (a) The global warming potential 100 years (GWP 100) represents shorter term impacts associated with rate of change and adaptation capacity, and (b) the global temperature change potential 100 years (GTP 100) characterizes the century-scale long term impacts, both including climate-carbon cycle feedbacks for all climate forcers. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) health impacts: Recommended characterization factors (CFs) for primary and secondary (interim) PM2.5 are established, distinguishing between indoor, urban and rural archetypes. Water consumption impacts: CFs are recommended, preferably on monthly and watershed levels, for two categories: (a) The water scarcity indicator “AWARE” characterizes the potential to deprive human and ecosystems users and quantifies the relative Available WAter REmaining per area once the demand of humans and aquatic ecosystems has been met, and (b) the impact of water consumption on human health assesses the DALYs from malnutrition caused by lack of water for irrigated food production. Land use impacts: CFs representing global potential species loss from land use are proposed as interim recommendation suitable to assess biodiversity loss due to land use and land use change in LCA hotspot analyses. The recommended environmental indicators may be used to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals in order to quantify and monitor progress towards sustainable production and consumption. These indicators will be periodically updated, establishing a process for their stewardship.