Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the progress made in renal transplantation, vascular complications can occur, jeopardizing the prognosis of the transplant. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of vascular complications and their impact on transplant survival. METHOD We performed a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study including all patients who had a kidney transplant in a Urology department from 1986 to 2017. Transplant Vascular complications included: Arterial thrombosis (AT), Venous thrombosis (VT), hemorrhagic complications (hemorrhage and hematoma) and arterial stenosis (AS). The potential risk factors for vascular complications that were investigated included characteristics related to the recipient, the donor, the transplant and the procedure. The impact of vascular complications on transplant survival was then studied. RESULTS A total of 720 patients were included with a mean age of 32.7 years. The transplant was from a living donor in 79% and a brain-dead donor in 21%. AT occurred in 15 patients (2.1%) and VT occurred in 10 patients (1.4%). Risk factors for vascular thrombosis were recipient age >35 years (P = 0.001; OR = 10.78), recipient smoking (P = 0.005; OR = 1.8), multiple arteries (P < 0.001; OR = 1.45) and prolonged warm ischemia (P = 0.02). Perirenal hematoma occurred in 11 patients (1.5%) and hemorrhage occurred in six patients (0.8%). The risk factors for bleeding complications were a prolonged pre-transplantation dialysis time (P = 0.03; OR = 1.35), and prolonged warm ischemia (P = 0.02; OR = 1.26). AS was the most frequent vascular complication, occurring in 20 cases (2.8%) and no risk factors were identified. Transplant survival was 77.9% at 5 years, with a median survival of 15.9 years. Vascular thrombosis led to the loss of the transplant in all cases, and externalized hemorrhage significantly reduced transplant survival (P < 0.001). Perirenal hematoma (P = 0.42) and transplant artery stenosis (P = 0.25) had no impact on transplant survival (Figure 1). CONCLUSION Our study showed that the vascular complications impacted the survival of the transplant and that they were related to factors related to the recipient, the transplant and the procedure insisting on a multidisciplinary and personalized management for each case.