Impact Of Traumatic Experiences Research Articles

CLINICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DISTRESS IN PERSONS WHO WERE FORCED TO MOVE DUE TO THE WAR

Aim – to investigate and study the clinical and psychological characteristics of persons who were forced to move due to the war in 2022 to provide recommendations for medical and psychological care and support.Material and methods. Diagnostic interviews used in the study are based on screening methods for assessing mental status, in particular depression, anxiety states, the impact of traumatic events, and assessment of psycho-emotional distress in work and everyday activities. The study was supplemented with the SCL-90-R method, which contributed to a better generalization of data on the mental state, and the AAQ-II method, which made it possible to assess the tendency to emotional avoidance as a mechanism of mental adaptation disorders.Results. The presence of clinically significant anxiety-depressive symptoms associated with the impact of traumatic events and causing psycho-emotional distress in everyday life has been demonstrated. Predictor factors determining distress and psychosocial functioning in various areas are described and can be used as targets for medical and psychological interventions. An analysis of gender differences is presented.Conclusions. The main predictors of distress in work and everyday activities were found to be the impact of traumatic experience, tendency to emotional avoidance, and symptoms of depressive states. Men prevailed in the level of distress in significant areas related to work and household maintenance. Medical-psychological interventions for the development of conscious strategies for coping with distress and overcoming emotional avoidance are promising for further research and clinical practice.

(Re)Visiting the Traumatised Indian Matriarch Through Contemporary Retellings: A Psycho-Cultural Exploration

The Mahabharata (composed in Sanskrit sometime between 400 BC and 400 AD), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. It has been used as a source of inspiration for various literary, artistic, and cultural expressions, and its themes and characters have been reinterpreted to reflect contemporary political and social concerns. This has led to the creation of new interpretations and revisions of the epic, which have challenged traditional narratives and added new perspectives to the epic’s cultural significance. Focusing on Kavita Kané ‘s The Fisher Queen’s Dynasty, the paper suggests that the trauma experienced by Satyavati in her infancy shaped her character and her actions as the Queen of Hastinapur. The author analyses the influence of trauma in her life and how it led to her determination to re-establish a powerful clan. The author’s perspective offers a unique interpretation of Satyavati’s character and highlights the importance of considering the impact of traumatic experiences on an individual’s life and behaviour. The protagonist’s abandonment by her father was a traumatic event that influenced her emotional fabric and perception of the world. She was constantly haunted by a past that fuelled her insecurities and anxieties. The paper analyses this modern narrative representation of female desire for power and autonomy (which is repressed by the patriarchy) and how this desire can originate in past traumatic experiences.

Effectiveness of a Multidimensional Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Kindergardeners and Preschoolers with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Despite the increased vulnerability of very young children when confronted with traumatic experiences, and also the massive impact on their development, this topic has been much neglected in German health care research so far; in fact trauma-related treatments are particularly low. Due to this, we are exploring in this pilot study the evaluation of a standard health care system in the community ("Trauma first") for very young children suffering from the impact of traumatic experiences. Our analysis looks at the effectiveness of a cognitivebehavioural treatment for the age group 2-6 suffering from trauma disorders. A pre-post test design without a control group was carried out.The severity of symptoms of 39 children (age: 2-6 years; 46.2 % female) with traumatic experiences was recorded using disorder-specific diagnostics and broad-spectrum diagnostics before and after the therapy treatment, and was both self-assessed and externally assessed. The results show a significant reduction in children's PTSD symptoms, and internalizing behaviour problems, and some regressive behaviours in the caregiver rating, but not in the education rating. The effect sizes were between Cohen's d = 0.89 and d = 2.71. With regard to externalizing behavior and anxiety symptoms, positive tendencies could be found after treatment, but there was no significant decrease. The present pilot study provides initial indications of the effectiveness of the "Trauma First" care programunder ecologically valid conditions in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. It serves as a preliminary stage of analyzing the psychotherapeutic effectiveness of traumatherapy treatment in young children, which should be followed up by a randomized-controlled study design.

Addressing intergenerational trauma in Black families:Trauma-informedsocioculturally attuned family therapy.

Increased attention to the prevalence and impact of traumatic experiences have been highlighted within the mental health field since Felitti et al.'s study of adverse childhood experiences. Black communities experience traumatic events at a higher rate than other racial groups. The phenomena of historical trauma, race-based trauma, and intergenerational trauma have been speculated to be reasons for this discrepancy. In this article, the authors explore factors that compound the traumatic experiences of Black communities, review socioculturally attuned family therapy and trauma-informed care, and propose an approach to addressing intergenerational trauma in Black families that integrates socioculturally attuned family therapy and trauma-informed care.

Post-traumatic stress disorder as a nosological unit: Difficulties of the past and challenges of the future

Introduction. The impact of traumatic experiences has always been a part of human life. According to Judith Herman, an American psychotherapist, and professor at Harvard Medical School, "traumatic events overload a person's usual strategies for adapting to life, his usual security systems that give a sense of control, connection, and meaning." Also, traumatic events, for the most part, contain close personal contact with violence and death and pose a threat to life or physical integrity. For almost one year of the war, Ukrainian society faced a large number of negative phenomena capable of causing severe psychological trauma: disruption of the usual lifestyle, loss of family friends, and property, lack of many vital needs for a person, forced migration, uncertainty, a constant threat for health and life, etc. The purpose of the study was to analysis of scientific and literary data reflecting the history of the formation of the concept of "post-traumatic stress disorder" as a nosological unit, as well as the peculiarities of its manifestation and prevalence, diagnostic criteria. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in the main electronic medical databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and processed publications that studied the history of the formation of "post-traumatic stress disorder" as a nosological unit, the features of its manifestation and prevalence. diagnostic criteria. Eligible studies were identified using keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotraumatology, trauma, physioneurosis, history of medicine. All types of articles were reviewed, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Review and discussion: For a long time, there was a stigmatization of combat-related disorders in society. The path to the development of PTSD as a psychiatric diagnosis is long and thorny. After the World War II, there was an urgent need to introduce a standard unified nomenclature that would enable doctors from all over the world to have a common language for discussing the psychopathology of this disorder, establishing a diagnosis and determining disability. Over 60 years, starting in 1952, when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) introduced the concept of "brutal stress reaction" in its first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I) and up to 2013 (DSM-5) formation of post-traumatic stress disorder as a nosological unit was taking place. Conclusions: Despite the non-acceptance, stigmatization, indifference and other difficulties, PTSD finally achieved official status in the recognized list of diagnoses

The impact of traumatic experiences, coping mechanisms, and workplace benefits on the mental health of U.S. public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeTo evaluate the association between risk factors, mitigating factors, and adverse mental health outcomes among United States public health workers. MethodsCross-sectional online survey data were collected March to April 2021. The survey was distributed to public health workers who worked in a state, tribal, local, or territorial public health department since March 2020. ResultsIn total, 26,174 United States state and local public health workers completed the survey. Feeling isolated was a risk factor for anxiety (PR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.74–1.95), depression (PR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.75–1.94), post-traumatic stress disorder (PR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.43–1.57), and suicidal ideation (PR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.82–3.69). The ability to take time off was linked to fewer reported symptoms of anxiety (PR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83–0.90), depression (PR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83–0.89), post-traumatic stress disorder (PR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88), and suicidal ideation (PR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.92). ConclusionsSince COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, respondents who felt isolated and alone were at an increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes. Findings from this study call for public health organizations to provide their workforce with services and resources to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes.

Between Barkat and the Little Ibtisam: Feminine Memory and Thereby Narrative in Ibtisam Barakat’s Tasting the Sky: A Palestinian Childhood

This paper examines the idea of the feminine memory and its role in re/establishing a new dimension of Palestinian history in Ibtisam Barakat’s Tasting the Sky: A Palestinian Childhood (2007). The article draws on several core concepts in postcolonial studies, including diaspora narrative, trauma, and memory as well as Fatma Kassem’s study of the oral narratives of Palestinian women who witnessed the events of the 1948 War. Instead of being a mere memetic text that reflects historical incidents in literature, Tasting the Sky sheds light on the impact of traumatic experiences on both memory and the writing/narrative process. This feminine memory, focusing on traumatic experiences, seeks to construct a healing narrative that comes to terms with the traumatic past of the individual and the collective, and as a result, creates new realities. The novel demonstrates how memory and narrative can be encapsulated in a literary-political project, not merely to represent reality but to recreate it, recreating history from a countless number of scattered, traumatic, not-yet-graspable moments about a lost Home. We argue that this feminine memory is manifested through three perspectives: The domestic sphere, the female body and the female language.

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences, Coping Mechanisms, and Workplace Benefits On the Mental Health of U.S. Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences, Coping Mechanisms, and Workplace Benefits On the Mental Health of U.S. Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Exploring the impact of traumatic experiences on undergraduate social work students’ professional attitudes: using Q-methodology

ABSTRACT One-third of American youth ages 12–17 report experiencing two or more types of childhood adversity, and social work students are no exception. Unidentified or unresolved traumatic experiences may be obstacles in learning and practicing social work in a positive manner; however, they should not be considered as negative attributes to being a social worker. Using Q methodology, 85 social work students’ views regarding the impact of traumatic experiences on their professional attitudes were analyzed. The finding suggested that traumatic experiences may affect students’ professional attitudes, and social work programs may contribute to enhancing resilience in addressing personal trauma.

Individual resilience and sensemaking: Traumatic life experiences and employee creativity at work

Traumatic life experiences occur when individuals experience life-threatening or other similarly dis-stressful events in life. The extant literature focuses on the negative implications of traumatic life experiences. I theorize, in contrast, that individuals can demonstrate resilience toward traumatic life experiences by performing creatively at work in some situations. Integrating the research on individual creativity and the research on trauma coping, I articulate mechanisms by which employees can be motivated and enabled to demonstrate creativity at work when under the impact of traumatic experiences in other aspects of life. Drawing from a sensemaking perspective, I discuss conditions that increase the likelihood of a positive linkage between traumatic life experiences and employee creativity. The conceptualization in this paper contributes to a better understanding of the anteceding factors to workplace creativity as well as why traumatic life experiences lead to higher levels of employee creativity in some situations but not others.

Клініко-психологічні особливості осіб з ознаками соціально тривожного розладу, який асоціюється з травматичним досвідом

Background. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) is one of the most common variants of anxiety pathology, which is mainly characterized by a chronic course, persistent symptoms, and a tendency to relapse. Negative social experience in the pathogenesis of social phobia may be accompanied by signs resembling avoidance symptoms, negative alterations in cognition/mood, and changes in arousal and reactivity. In addition, recent scientific studies indicate that individuals with social anxiety disorder suffer from clinically significant symptoms of PTSD in response to social trauma, which impairs quality of life and increases the risk of suicide attempts. Aim. Investigate the clinical and psychological features of people with signs of social anxiety disorder associated with traumatic experiences. Materials and methods. The study group included 179 individuals who complained of significant psychoemotional distress due to avoidance of social interaction and symptoms characteristic of social anxiety disorder with a history of more than six months. The mean age was 31.45 ± 3.84 years, 77.09% (138) were female, 76.5% (137) had higher education, and 26.81% (48) lived alone. As part of the screening of the mental state, we used The MINI: International Neuropsychiatric Interview, self-questionnaires, and scales from complex IAPT were used to study the pathopsychological symptoms, and the Q-LES-Q-SF self-questionnaire was assessed for quality of life. Objective. The study found that individuals who reported significant distress due to avoidance of social interaction were more often diagnosed with social phobia and panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia). They are more characterized by higher levels of psychopathological symptoms, psychosocial dysfunction, and lower subjective satisfaction with the quality of life than the control group. Social avoidance in people with social phobia who have experienced an immediate threat to life was primarily due to comorbid manifestations of post-traumatic symptoms and the impact of traumatic experiences. At the same time, people with social phobia who were affected by social events, defined as traumatic, showed a combination of anxiety and depressive symptoms, which led to distress associated with the avoidance of social interaction. In our opinion, cognitive and behavioral strategies characteristic of the clinical picture of social phobia affect adaptation difficulties, exacerbating distress in daily activities and reducing satisfaction with the quality of life. In addition, for those with a life-threatening experience, the traumatic experience should be considered a separate factor. In contrast, those with a social trauma experienced a modifying factor of vulnerability. The obtained results may lead to different approaches to psychocorrectional work and require further research.

Improvements of substance use disorder treatment and the impact of traumatic experiences

ABSTRACT Background Patients entering substance use disorder treatment perceive the quality of life as low and have high levels of psychological distress. Some suffer from impaired cognitive functioning. The prevalence of traumatic experiences is high. We aimed to determine whether there had been improvements from admission to discharge and explore the relationships between the improvements and experiences of traumatic abuse. Methods We recruited 138 inpatients from long-term treatment for substance use disorders in Norway. 98 participants completed the questionnaires on quality of life, psychological distress, and cognitive functioning at admission and discharge. Results We found significant improvements in quality of life and cognitive functioning, and the psychological distress decreased from admission to discharge. Patients with experiences of traumatic abuse improved less in cognitive functioning. Conclusion Measurements of quality of life, psychological distress, and cognitive functioning may be useful to assess improvements during treatment. Health providers must be aware of the high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and psychological distress, and low quality of life in patients at admission to treatment. Patients with experiences of traumatic abuse improved less in cognitive functioning and treatment should target this, as it could hinder drop-out and enhance the success of substance use disorder treatment.

Refugee Women with a History of Trauma: Gender Vulnerability in Relation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Refugees represent a population whose living conditions have a strong impact on their mental health. High rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), more than other mental disorders, have been found in this group, with women having the highest incidence. The objective of the present systematic review was to identify and examine studies from the last fifteen years on the relationship between the impact of traumatic experiences and PTSD psychopathology in refugee women. Twelve studies were included, from which the overall results approved this relation. In addition, six of these studies show that exposure to sexual trauma in refugee women is associated with the high odds of being at risk for PTSD. These findings suggest that gender-related traumatic experiences can explain the high rate of PTSD in refugee women and highlight the unmet need for psychosocial health care in this population.

Child Traumatic Stress and the Sacred: Neurobiologically Informed Interventions for Therapists and Parents

Children experience trauma and adverse experiences at an alarming rate. The negative impact of traumatic experiences on a child’s developing brain is pervasive, adversely affecting one’s thoughts, feelings, behaviors, physiological reactions, and social relationships. Conversely, the nature, pattern, timing and duration of therapeutic experiences can change the brain in ways that support and cultivate therapeutic growth and healing. The purpose of this paper will be to review and expand on two prominent neurobiological therapeutic frameworks within the field of child trauma therapy: the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics and Interpersonal Neurobiology. We will discuss the ways in which trauma experiences are organized in the brain and how therapeutic and parenting interventions can address the key areas of the brain that are impacted. Further, this paper will expand on these frameworks to explore how the sacred (within primarily a Judeo-Christian monotheistic religious tradition) can be integrated within the therapeutic process—specifically through the themes of safety, relational connection, and meaning-making.

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Identity formation in Radwa Ashour's The Woman From Tantoura

This paper discusses the concept of identity formation in Radwa Ashour's novel The Woman From Tantoura. Ashour in this novel present the notion traumatic experiences and sharing memories as elements of identity formation for Palastenian people. Ashour uses multiple narratives to coexist, since multiplicity enriches the experience of Palestinian's collectivity identity. The Palestinian people use their suffering and sharing memories as act of survival. In this paper I have discussed Ashour's novel The Woman From Tantoura within the concept of traumatic experiences and cultural memory. I have used Aleida Assaman's notion of transnational memories and Astrid Erll's notion of traveling memories to discuss how both of traumatic experiences and cultural memory can be viewed as positive forces to affirm the national identity.

Children after traumatic experiences

Children who have experienced traumatic events in their lives and grew up in an environment that neglected their needs and in which abuse occurred will feel the long-term and varied impact of these events on their lives. That is why, working with children who have experienced trauma is so important but also difficult. Caregivers and educators should first learn about their history and understand the impact of traumatic events they have experienced before focusing on their behaviour. They ought to build appropriate relationships that will allow to gain confidence and a sense of security. The article presents the phenomenon of trauma and its types, the impact of traumatic experiences on child development and the consequences that follow. It was shown what work with a child should look like after traumatic experiences.

Screening for psychotrauma related symptoms: Japanese translation and pilot testing of the Global Psychotrauma Screen

ABSTRACT Background: The impact of traumatic experiences or adverse life experiences has been shown to potentially affect a wide range of mental health outcomes. However, there was no brief instrument to screen for a range of psychological problems in different domains after a potentially traumatic event, and for risk factors and protective factors. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) in a traumatized sample in Japan. Method: A total sample (n = 58) with varying levels of potential posttrauma symptoms due to domestic violence or other events were recruited into this study. Self-rating measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and alcohol problems were conducted to investigate the concurrent validity. Results: The results show that a range of posttrauma symptoms assessed by the GPS were highly endorsed by this traumatized sample in all domains except for self-harm, derealization, and depersonalization. The GPS sum score was highly correlated (r > 0.79) with other measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Also, the subdomain scores showed acceptable correlations with corresponding domain measures. Participants who had been sexually assaulted or had unwanted sexual experiences, and participants who had been physically assaulted during childhood, had higher scores on the total GPS and on subdomains of PTSD, as well as symptoms associated with Complex PTSD. Conclusions: This study provides an initial indication that the GPS may be a useful screening tool for trauma survivors and elucidates that the consequences of trauma are not limited to PTSD.

‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

ABSTRACT Background Foster children, mostly maltreated in their birth families, may be fostered by parents who know little about the impact of traumatic experiences. Objective The present study investigated whether the training Caring for Children who Have Experienced Trauma for foster parents can break the negative circle of traumatic stress. The hypothesis was that improvement in parents’ knowledge on trauma and mind-mindedness would be associated with a reduction of their parenting stress, children’s post-traumatic stress symptoms, and behaviour problems. Method Forty-eight foster parents (n female = 35) participated in a pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3) assessment. Questionnaires on knowledge on trauma, parenting stress, child post-traumatic stress symptoms, the child’s behaviour, and the evaluation of the training were administered. Parents’ mind-mindedness was assessed using the describe-your-child interview. Results Foster parents highly appreciated the training, their knowledge on child trauma increased at T2 and this growth persisted at T3. The parents who gained most knowledge experienced a small decrease in parenting stress at T2. Although the general mind-mindedness did not significantly change, foster parents’ mind-mindedness with positive valence substantially increased at T2 and T3, while their mind-mindedness with neutral valence decreased. Foster parents’ report on child PTSS declined at T3 compared to T2, but not compared to T1. No changes were found in children’s behaviour as reported by the foster parents. The proportion of foster children receiving trauma-focused treatment increased at T2 and T3. Conclusion This study provides evidence that training in trauma-informed parenting can be effective in improving foster parents’ knowledge on the impact of traumatic experiences and in increasing a positive mental representation of their foster child as well as in reducing children’s post-traumatic symptoms.

The effect of trauma and dissociation on the outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder: A 6-month prospective study.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is commonly associated with a history of trauma. Yet, there is little insight into the potential effect that trauma, dissociation, and depressive symptoms may have on the outcome of treatment interventions. A total of 142 treatment-seeking patients admitted with a diagnosis of DSM-5 BED (88% female; mean age = 38.7; SD = 10.8) took part in a 6-month, protocolized, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess lifetime traumatic experiences, dissociation, and depression. Body mass index and the number of binges per week (BPW) were measured throughout treatment. The main outcomes were the percentage reduction in BPW and remission (i.e., less than one BPW; cf. DSM-5). Most BED patients (91.5%) reported a history of trauma, with two in three patients reporting three or more traumatic experiences. Whereas the number of traumatic experiences was not significantly associated with a reduction in BPW or remission, a higher traumatic impact score significantly decreased the likelihood of obtaining remission at the end of treatment (OR = 0.96; 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]). Higher levels of dissociative symptoms partially mediated this prospective association. The impact of traumatic experiences, as opposed to the number of traumatic experiences experienced, negatively predicts remission after 6 months of CBT. These findings highlight the importance of addressing trauma and dissociative features in the CBT treatment of BED.

The Impact of Childhood Traumatic Experiences on Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Relationships

Objective: Traumatic experiences during childhood have an impact on the emotional states of individuals during their adulthood. The impacts of traumatic experiences during childhood on self-esteem will be examined in the present study. It was also aimed to examine the relationship between these traumatic experiences and self-esteem with interpersonal relation levels. Method: This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study carried out during the dates of February 11, 2018 and March 11, 2018 on Gaziantep university students. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Scale of dimensions of interpersonal relationships (SDIR), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were used. Results: Of the 926 students who participated in the study, 712 (76.9 %) were female, 214 (33.1 %) were male. The RSES total score of the students was 12.63±2.36, CTS total score was 48.0±20.97. CTQ were determined to be positively related with the empathy, trust, emotion awareness dimensions of SDIR and negatively related with approval dependence. This result is an indication of low trust, low emotion awareness, increased approval dependence and more empathy in interpersonal relationships. RSES total score was not determined to be related with CTQ total in our study, but a relationship was determined between RSES and only the emotional abuse sub-dimension. The mean scores of RSES in individuals were determined to have a negative relationship with trust and emotion sub-dimensions of SDIR and to have a positive relationship with the empathy and approval sub-dimensions. This result is an indication of less empathy, increase in approval dependence, low emotional awareness and decrease in trust with regard to interpersonal relationships. The differences found significant in the study can be listed as follows: the number of siblings in SDIR empathy dimension, family type in the trust dimension, alcohol use in emotion and trust dimension, gender in all of the emotion, empathy, trust and approval sub-dimensions, chronic disorders in the trust dimension, smoking in approval and emotion dimension, duration of internet use in the emotion sub-dimension. Significant differences were observed with regard to gender, parental attitudes, number of siblings, economic level, family type, alcohol use and smoking in CTQ scores. Duration of internet usage time in a day displayed statistical differences in RSES scores. Conclusion: Childhood traumas have impacts on all dimensions of interpersonal relationships. Self-esteem was determined to be related only with emotional abuse from childhood traumas and self-esteem has a significant impact on interpersonal relationships. Sociodemographic factor analysis has indicated that parental attitudes, family type, alcohol use and smoking, gender are related with childhood traumas, that the number of siblings, family type, alcohol use, gender, chronic disorder, smoking, duration of internet usage are related with interpersonal relationships and that internet usage is related with self-esteem. Improvement of positive parenthood and increase in the family-child interaction are effective and applicable methods for preventing abuse and neglect. Trainings on this subject are suggested since reliable-consistent relationships are important and since positive relationships decrease the risk of being subject to maltreatment.