Impact Of Socio-economic Changes Research Articles

Dental health status of the medieval silver-mining community from Kutná Hora (Czech Republic, 13th–16th c.): Impact of socioeconomic changes and mortality crises

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the pathological conditions in teeth from skeletal remains found in the medieval burial ground at Kutná Hora (13th–16th centuries, Czech Republic). We focused on the effect on dental health of socioeconomic changes associated with the boom in silver mining at the site. DesignIn this study, dental caries and antemortem tooth loss were recorded for 469 sexed adults (10,558 permanent teeth). Pathologies were analysed and presented by teeth and alveoli, and the differences between their frequencies were tested in sex-, age-, and burial context-separated groups (mass vs. individual graves). ResultsThe oral conditions were characterised by a low frequency of caries and moderate frequency of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). For caries, males and females showed the same frequencies while AMTL comparisons indicated a higher rate in females. Most differences emerged between age-separated and burial context-separated groups. The age progression of the pathologies was confirmed for both caries and AMTL. Skeletons from mass burials had higher caries and AMTL frequencies than those buried in individual graves. ConclusionsThe dataset exhibited low caries and below average AMTL rates compared to other medieval European skeletal series. We think that life in this mining centre had a positive effect on the dental health of its inhabitants. The relatively poorer dental health of those buried in mass graves reflected either the specific composition of the population in the first half of the 14th century or the lower resilience of these individuals when facing mortality crises.

The effect of social economic changes during pandemic COVID-19 toward child wellbeing

Pandemic Covid-19 has had a broad impact on human life; various restrictions cause various socioeconomic changes in family life, affecting the child's wellbeing. In contrast, the child's wellbeing must be adequately fulfilled so they can grow and develop into quality human resources. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of socioeconomic changes during the pandemic on children's wellbeing. This systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. Data collection was carried out on March 18, 2022, using the Pro-Quest, Tailor and Francis, Emerald, Sage Pub, and Science Direct databases. Based on this study's exclusion and inclusion criteria, there were 19 studies included in this paper. The analysis results show that most of the included studies prove that socioeconomic status affects children's wellbeing, while one study showed that there is no effect. In conclusion, the findings from the review may provide guidelines for promoting better child wellbeing during the pandemic Covid-19.

Значение железной дороги Оренбург – Ташкент для социально-экономического развития Туркестанского края

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of the Orenburg – Tashkent railway in the socio-economic life of the Turkestan region. This railway line is considered as a mechanism that opened the way for the entry of the region into capitalist relations. The purpose of the work is to define the impact of socio-economic changes resulting from the construction of the railway on the development of the region. Methods and materials. The research is based on the principles of objectivism and historicism, which reject dogmas and concepts and do not align with any political ideology. As a result of working with republican and regional archival funds, the authors introduced new statistical data concerning the construction and operation of the railway into scientific circulation. Analysis. Among other regions of the empire, Turkestan is distinguished by its geographical and socio-economic character. There is a reason to believe that before the construction of the railway, there were no cities in this region where large production facilities were concentrated. The vast majority of residents led a semi-nomadic lifestyle. It was difficult for the peasants to get their goods transported to other consumer environments. It can be argued that this development trend has changed dramatically with the construction of this railway. Due to the activity of the railway, the export-import potential of the region has increased. Turkestan has received ample opportunities to export salt, cotton, santonin, wool, and various types of dried fruits. Results. As a result of the research work, a peculiar approach to the factors that contributed to the construction of the Orenburg – Tashkent railway was revealed. As one of them, it is concluded that the factor of the construction of the highway was carried out not because of competition between the British and Russian Empires (as noted in many studies), but with the aim of involving an isolated part of the empire in integration processes. In general, the railway line had a significant impact on the transition of the region from old feudal relations to a partial agrarian-industrial form. Authors’ contribution. Y.K. Omarbayev is the author and organizer of the idea of implementing this scientific work. He outlined the purpose and objectives of the article. G.T. Zhoraeva, was engaged in the collection, classification, and analysis of archival documents that make up the main source base of the article. In addition, under her leadership, a comparative analysis of scientific papers devoted to the construction and commissioning of the Orenburg – Tashkent railway was carried out. The author classified the available scientific publications by historical periods and sought to determine their historical and ideological directions. A.A. Nurmukhambetov worked with historical facts and photo documents within the framework of the topic and conducted a comparative analysis of differences between the statistical data reflected in other publications on the history of the construction of the Orenburg – Tashkent railway.

Impact of Socio-Economic Changes on Economically Weak Children in English Language Teaching

Children in schools are behaved on the basis of culture and economic status in which they are grown up. With the aim of exploring the impact of socio-cultural and economic aspects in schools on economically weak children in classroom teaching learning activities this study has been conducted based on the desktop study. This research designed title as Impact of Socio-Economic Changes on Economically Weak Children in English Language Teaching and collected data from the existing literature which are analyzed and reached in the conclusion that children from strong economic status and high cultural background will have better performance than the children who are from poor economic and low cultural background. Development of new technologies, social media highly help to mix up and transfer the culture as a result the direct impact of it is directly seen in the classroom. Change not only brings negative feelings it also tends to bring positive feelings. The change has challenged us (English language teachers) today so that to overcome this challenge we need to apply a balanced approach in the classroom so that we will be away from being boring teachers.

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE FUNCTION OF THE CATUSPATHA ELEMENTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF UBUD TRADITIONAL VILLAGE, KELURAHAN OF UBUD

<p>In its literal sense, catuspatha contains sacred value, function, and its own meaning. In the context of Balinese culture catuspatha as the centre of a kingdom contains four constructuve elements that are adjusted to the desa kala, patra, in the respective regions. Meanwhile in the context of Hinduism with the changes within the system it is not possible tha in this era catuspatha will undergo functional change. The purpose of this research is to know the impact of socio-economic changes in the functions of the catuspatha elements of Ubud traditional village. To achieve this goal it is done with observations and interviews related to the catuspatha element forming. Also cross-check based on the literature and results of previous research. The study used qualitative-rationalistic methods with interactive data models miles and Huberman to discuss spatial changes in the past and present. The results derived from this research are the elements of catuspatha has undergone a change both in function and physically in the last few years because it adjusts the region and needs of the community and so that the land function is the result of positive and negative impacts in terms of socio-economic.</p>

Некоторые особенности исчисления срока исправительных работ в новой социально-экономической реальности

The development of a market economy in post-Soviet Russia has introduced new organizational and legal forms of employment: individual entrepreneurship and self-employment; bywork and part-time work became widespread. The author considers the problems of the procedure for calculating the term of punishment in the form of correctional labour in relation to new realities and suggests ways to resolve them; analyses the impact of socioeconomic changes, including the emergence of new forms of employment in modern Russia, on the possibility of executing a criminal penalty in the form of corrective labour; proposes methods for calculating the term of the served sentence for such subjects of market activity as self-employed people and individual entrepreneurs. The author discusses the issues of the execution of correctional labour both in relation to persons doing bywork and those working part-time and overtime. Taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of labour relations, the procedure for recording working time and calculating the taxable base, the author proposes methods for calculating the period of corrective labour in the new economic realities.

DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PADA MASYARAKAT KINDANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This study aims to describe how the factors and processes of socio-economic change and the impact of socio-economic changes that occur in the Kindang Society of Bulukumba Regency. This type of research uses qualitative research. The technique in determining informants uses snowball sampling techniques, that is, without determining the criteria for informants, so the number of informants will always increase according to the information needs of the Kindang community in Bulukumba Regency. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used by researchers through three stages of work, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Validation of the data used is triangulation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the factors that determine the socio-economic changes of the kindang community are farm produce from clove production which is a familiar commodity with a very high economic value at this time with a high level of productivity in Bulukumba district. (2) The process of socio-economic change in the kindang community occurs between different circumstances and times, where the kindang community experiences an economic crisis in the new order, the formation of the BPPC (Clove Management Agency) which regulates and buys cloves at unreasonable prices, then occurs significant changes during the reform period, with the openness and freedom of the reform period until the price of cloves began to recover and freedom of the reformation period until the price of cloves began to recover and increase so that the welfare of the kindang community could prosper. (3) The impact of socio-economic changes that occur in the kindang community of Bulukumba district. namely improving the economic system of the Kindang community to become a prosperous society and higher social stratification, as well as growing public awareness in the fields of education, politics and culture. Culture in this case encompasses lifestyles and relationships and modern lifestyles so that eroding local cultures such as mutual cooperation have begun to diminish.

The Impact of Socio-Economic Changes in Tourism on the Business Specialization of Travel Agencies

In response to new trends in the behavior of tourists when choosing tourism products (packages) that are in fact determined by social and economic factors in the environment, travel agencies need to adapt their operations and business functions to new terms. Specialization seems possible response to new trends in consumer behavior. In order to study the significance of the hypothesis according to which socio-economic changes in tourism result in the need for the frequent and extremely narrow specialization of operations of travel agencies, for the purpose of this paper primary research was conducted in Croatia. Empirical research was conducted using a sample survey of 200 travel agencies in Croatia and the method of inferential statistics with multiple logistic regression models. Results of the survey on a sample of travel agencies show that managers recognize the importance of specialization for their operations, and socio-economic changes represent "an incentive to the business specialization. Managers of travel agencies undergoing the specialization process take into account specific tourist motives (adventures, new experiences, culture), as well as economic changes reflected in purchasing power. The study shows that socio-economic changes in tourism result in a need for frequent and very narrow business specialization of travel agencies.

DAMPAK TRADISI NGANJOR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT BADUY LUAR

The impact of the tradition of nganjor on socio-economic changes in the Outer Baduy community in three villages namely Kanekes Village, Cisimeut Village and Sankanwangi Village, Lebak Regency, Banten. To get a clear description of the causative factor of the society's tradition of nganjor and the socio-economic changes of the Outer Baduy community due to the tradition of nganjor. the causative factor of the Outer Baduy society's in carrying out the tradition of nganjor was due to economic, social and customary rules. The impact of socio-economic changes due to the tradition of nganjor is due to the existence of patterns of life outside of Kanekes that are not in accordance with customary law which has implications for social change in society. The impact of social change that occurs, namely changes in behavior patterns that are characterized by an orientation to education, an advanced mindset and the use of modern technology, then economically people's income increases more, compared to the conditions before and after the nganjor tradition. Then the final impact is the changes of rituals or traditional traditions because at this time the mindset of the outer Baduy society's has become more advanced, they have been able to measure profits and losses when implementing this traditions.

PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget.

PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget.

PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget.

Determination of the Sr/Ca ratio of tooth samples by photoactivation analysis in Southern Turkey

Abstract A nuclear analytical technique, namely instrumental photon activation analysis (IPAA), was used to determine Sr and Ca concentrations in human teeth. This work was conducted using the first accelerator facility, an off-shelf clinical linear accelerator (cLINAC), in Turkey. The tooth samples supplied by the Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry were analyzed for determination of the Sr/Ca element ratio. The results were obtained to demonstrate the impact of socioeconomic changes on dietary habits. A calibration material (CM; a mixture of calcium and strontium oxides) was required for quantification of the analytical results. The tooth samples, together with the CM, were exposed to 18 MeV end-point energy bremsstrahlung photons from the cLINAC. Thereafter, the γ-ray spectra of the samples and the CM were obtained using high resolution γ spectroscopy. Variations in the Sr/Ca ratio in the teeth of patients fed with beef and fizzy beverages were investigated in this study.

Long-term impact of socio-economic changes on agricultural land use in the Polish Carpathians

The impact of socio-economic changes on land use on the period 1846–2009 are studied in village of Ochotnica (105km2) and the Jaszcze and Jamne catchments in the Polish Carpathians. The analysis of maps, aerial photos, historical and census reports indicates that during the investigated period the forest area in Ochotnica increased by 77% and in the Jaszcze and Jamne catchments by 29% and 43%, respectively and cultivated land decreased by 94% in both catchments. The population density increased from 33 to more than 50people/km2, while employment in agriculture decreased from 98% to below 30%. The analysed period shows diverging trends of land use, referring to the three stages of socio-economic development in the Polish Carpathians. Until World War II, agricultural land contribution was the highest throughout the history of human activity. After World War II, a communist maintenance system of the land use structure was inherited from the past. A free market economy, introduced after 1989, forced the largest increase in forest area since the first colonisation of the Gorce Mountains. In contrast to the mid-mountains of Western Europe, a decrease in population density did not accompany forest expansion, nor did a dominance of small farms in the ownership system.

PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget.

Coping with storm surges on the Icelandic south coast: A case study of the Stokkseyri village

The low-lying village Stokkseyri is open to the North Atlantic Ocean and subjected to storm surges. The last surge experienced by the residents was in January 1990. Stokkseyri, as many villages in Iceland, has experienced extensive socio-economic changes during the past decades. Adopting a qualitative approach based on a focus group and in-depth interviews, the study investigates residents' perception of the communities' vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to the recurring natural hazards of the area and the impact of socio-economic changes in Stokkseyri thereon. The inhabitants were more resilient in the past during an era of strong community cohesion when the economy was thriving and network ties between the villagers were strong. They were able to use their own mitigation measures to adapt to the hazards. Despite the physical mitigation measures in the form of a breakwater and along with the residents trust in pre-warnings from the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) and the Icelandic Civil Protection and Emergency Management (ICP), the changed socio-economic condition of Stokkseyri has undermined community coherence and thus increased vulnerability and reduced community resilience. The recent sign of diversified occupation, improved economy and individual residents' initiatives to facilitate sense of community will work towards reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. Nonetheless, specific evacuation and emergency plans for the community is needed and appropriate hazard education must be applied. In order to develop successful mitigation strategies it must be placed in context of the specific society it aims to protect and incorporate both social and physical aspects of the hazard.

Creating a New Business through Restructuring in a Socially Responsible Way

The paper presents the impact of socio economic changes induced by the global financial crisis on the apparel industry in Romania that focuses largest number of SMEs in the industry. Article highlights the fact that in the new context, the companies from this domain must constantly adapt, creating a new business in order to pursue restructuring, and the importance of restructuring in a socially responsible manner.

Altered growth patterns of a mountain Ok population of Papua New Guinea over 25 years of change

The Mountain Ok (Mt Ok) people of Telefomin, who live at the interior of Papua New Guinea (PNG), were documented over 25 years ago to be one of the shortest populations on record, with average adult height below the fifth percentile (US). Serum Growth Hormone was detectable, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and serum indicators of protein nutritional status fell within the normal range, suggesting that these were not primary factors for their relative short stature. Since the Telefolmin people have experienced recent socioeconomic changes, they were re-evaluated in 2008, to examine height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), for insight into relative contributions of environment and other factors that modulate stature in children and adults. Cross-sectional anthropometric data were collected from 474 individuals at Telefomin in 2008, and compared with anthropometric data from 342 individuals measured in 1983. The height of Telefolmin subjects, below the fifth percentile in 1983, remained below the fifth percentile in 2008. Weight and BMI of peripubertal and adult age groups increased from 1983 to 2008. Male and female heights at peripubertal ages were significantly greater in 2008. Nevertheless, final adult height did not change significantly over the 25 years. Recent socioeconomic changes appear to contribute to increased weight, BMI, and stature at younger ages in the Mt Ok at Telefomin. In contrast, unchanging adult stature may reflect a delay in the impact of socioeconomic changes, or genetic influences that modulate responsiveness to other growth regulators.

Nachhaltigkeit im Wald – vor und hinter der Welle der Globalisierung | Sustainable Forest Management – In Front and Behind the Wave of Globalization

Are there any common patterns in the transition processes from traditional and more or less sustainable forest management to exploitative use, which can regularly be observed both in central Europe and in the countries of the South (e.g. India or Indonesia)? Attempts were made with a time-space-model to typify those force fields, in which traditional sustainable forest management is undermined and is then transformed into a modern type of sustainable forest management. Although it is unlikely that the history of the North will become the future of the South, the glimpse into the northern past offers a useful starting point for the understanding of the current situation in the South, which in turn could stimulate the debate on development. For instance, the patterns which stand behind the conflicts on forest use in the Himalayas are very similar to the conflicts in the Alps. In the same way, the impact of socio-economic changes on the environment – key word ‹globalisation› – is often much the same. To recognize comparable patterns can be very valuable because it can act as a stimulant for the search of political, legal and technical solutions adapted to a specific situation. For the global community the realization of the way political-economic alliances work at the head of the ‹globalisationwave›can only signify to carry on trying to find a common language and understanding at the negotiation tables. On the lee side of the destructive breaker it is necessary to conserve and care for what survived. As it was the case in Switzerland these forest islands could once become the germination points for the genesis of a cultural landscape, where close-to-nature managed forests will constitute an essential element.

Women in Transition: The Case of Saudi Arabia

This research investigates the impact of socio-economic changes on the traditional role of women in Saudi Arabia. A descriptive-comparative study was conducted using sixty-two women and their daughters, representing two generations and three economic groups all living in an urban community of Dammam. The information obtained from older women who had lived in Arabia prior to its oil boom supplied the baseline date for the comparison with young generation women, born and living in Arabia following the discovery of oil. The study found major social and cultural changes reflected in family structure and marriage styles, as well as in the rising number of educated women. Despite these changes, however, no significant modification in the traditional role of women was observed. This is believed to be because employment opportunities for women in the modem sectors of the economy remain extremely limited while the traditional economic contributions of women have become undervalued.