Impact Of Smoke-free Legislation Research Articles

Recent lung cancer mortality trends in Europe: effect of national smoke-free legislation strengthening.

The impact of smoke-free legislation within European Union (EU) countries on lung cancer mortality has not been evaluated to date. We aimed to determine lung cancer mortality trends in the EU-27 by sex, age, and calendar year for the period of 1994 and 2012, and relate them with changes in tobacco legislation at the national level. Deaths by Eurostat in each European country were analyzed, focusing on ICD-10 codes C33 and C34 from the years 1994 to 2012. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASR) were estimated separately for women and men in the EU-27 total and within country for each one of the years studied, and the significance of changing trends was estimated by joinpoint regression analysis, exploring lag times after initiation of smoke-free legislation in every country, if any. From 1994 to 2012, there were 4 681 877 deaths from lung cancer in Europe (3 491 607 in men and 1 190 180 in women) and a nearly linear decrease in mortality rates because of lung cancer in men from was observed1994 to 2012, mirrored in women by an upward trend, narrowing the sex gap during the study period from 5.1 in 1994 to 2.8 in 2012. Joinpoint regression analysis identified a number of trend changes over time, but it appears that they were unrelated to the implementation of smoke-free legislations. A few years after the introduction of smoke-free legislations across Europe, trends of lung cancer mortality trends have not changed.

Impact of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and infant mortality: a national quasi-experimental study.

Smoke-free legislation is associated with improved early-life outcomes; however its impact on perinatal survival is unclear. We linked individual-level data with death certificates for all registered singletons births in England (1995–2011). We used interrupted time series logistic regression analysis to study changes in key adverse perinatal events following the July 2007 national, comprehensive smoke-free legislation. We studied 52,163 stillbirths and 10,238,950 live-births. Smoke-free legislation was associated with an immediate 7.8% (95%CI 3.5–11.8; p < 0.001) reduction in stillbirth, a 3.9% (95%CI 2.6–5.1; p < 0.001) reduction in low birth weight, and a 7.6% (95%CI 3.4–11.7; p = 0.001) reduction in neonatal mortality. No significant impact on SIDS was observed. Using a counterfactual scenario, we estimated that in the first four years following smoke-free legislation, 991 stillbirths, 5,470 cases of low birth weight, and 430 neonatal deaths were prevented. In conclusion, smoke-free legislation in England was associated with clinically important reductions in severe adverse perinatal outcomes.

The impact of smoke-free legislation on educational differences in birth outcomes

BackgroundSmoke-free legislation may have positive effects on birth outcomes. Given that smoking and secondhand smoke during pregnancy vary with socioeconomic position, legislation may have greater effects in some socioeconomic groups....

683: Assessing the impact of smoke-free legislation on perinatal health in the netherlands

683: Assessing the impact of smoke-free legislation on perinatal health in the netherlands

The impact of smoke-free legislation on population health in North Carolina.

Since the first Surgeon General's report documented the health impact of smoking 50 years ago, North Carolina has made much progress in reducing tobacco use. This article focuses on tobacco-related policies and legislation that have contributed to this progress and discusses measures that could be taken to further reduce tobacco use.

The impact of smoke-free legislation on reducing exposure to secondhand smoke: differences across gender and socioeconomic groups

BackgroundOn 11 January 2009, Taiwan expanded its smoke-free legislation to all indoor public places and workplaces. This study examined the impact of this policy on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in...

Smoking spaces and practices in pubs, bars and clubs: Young adults and the English smokefree legislation

Young adulthood is an important but overlooked period in the development of smoking behaviour. We know little about the impact of smokefree policies on this group. In a secondary analysis of longitudinal, qualitative interview data we explore smoking practices in young adulthood, the role of smoking in the spaces of the night-time economy, and the impact of smokefree legislation. Participants carefully managed their smoking in different spaces in relation to the self they wished to present. This was shaped by the transitional nature of young adulthood. Smoking played a role in constructing time-out periods from the demands of everyday life in a similar way to alcohol use. The restrictions imposed by the smokefree legislation quickly became normal for most; however, the experience of smoking was influenced by the nature and quality of smoking spaces. The re-spatialisation of smoking necessitated by the smokefree legislation may reaffirm processes of social denormalisation and stigmatisation of smoking, whilst simultaneously allowing young adult smokers to produce, in some contexts, a positive, fun, sociable smoker identity.

Impact of smoke-free legislation on children's exposure to secondhand smoke: cotinine data from the Health Survey for England

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the ban on smoking in enclosed public places implemented in England in July 2007 on children's exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.DesignRepeated cross-sectional surveys of the...

Tackling smoking addiction in England and among NHS staff

British Journal of NursingVol. 20, No. 7 Healthcare PolicyTackling smoking addiction in England and among NHS staffAlan GlasperAlan GlasperSearch for more papers by this authorAlan GlasperPublished Online:16 Aug 2013https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2011.20.7.440AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References American Society of Registered Nurses (2009) Nursing school study reveals smokings effect on nurses’ health, death rates. J Nurs June. http://tinyurl.com/6ckea6o (accessed 26 March 2011) Google ScholarBauld L (2011) Impact of Smokefree Legislation: Evidence Review, March 2011. Department of Health, London. http://tinyurl.com/bauld-smokefree (accessed 26 March 2011) Google ScholarCancer Research UK (2011) Lung Cancer and Smoking Statistics: Key Facts, http://tinyurl.com/67a4o9w (accessed 26 March 2011) Google ScholarDepartment of Health (2011) Healthy Lives, Healthy People: a Tobacco Control Plan for England. Department of Health, London. http://tinyurl.com/tob-control-2011 (accessed 26 March 2011) Google ScholarHackshaw L, McEwen A, West R, Bauld L (2010) quit attempts in response to smoke free legislation in England. Tobacco Control 19(2): 160–4 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarMenzies D, Nair A, Williamson PA et al. (2006) Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and markers of inflammation among bar workers before and after a legislative ban on smoking in public places. JAMA 296(14): 1742–8 Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarNo Smoking Day. What Smoking does to Your Body http://tinyurl.com/5uhs9le (accessed 26 March 2011) Google ScholarRice VH, Stead LF (2008) Nursing interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 1. Art No: CD001188. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001188.pub3 Crossref, Google ScholarRowe K, Macleod Clark J (2000) The incidence of smoking amongst nurses: a review of the literature. JAdv Nurs 31(5): 1046–53 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 8 April 2011Volume 20Issue 7ISSN (print): 0966-0461ISSN (online): 2052-2819 Metrics History Published online 16 August 2013 Published in print 8 April 2011 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

"But it just has that sort of feel about it, a leper"--Stigma, smoke-free legislation and public health

The Scottish smoke-free legislation has had considerable success, with high compliance resulting in significant health benefits and the increased denormalization of smoking. International literature on the impact of smoke-free legislation has mostly focused on the success of such policies. Relatively little consideration has been given to the potentially negative, albeit unintended, consequences of smoke-free policies within different social and cultural contexts, in particular the increased stigmatization of smokers. A 3-wave longitudinal qualitative study in 4 localities in Scotland using repeat in-depth interviews. Participants comprised a panel of 40 current and recent ex-smokers, interviewed before and after implementation of the legislation in 2 socioeconomically advantaged and 2 disadvantaged localities in Scotland. Smokers perceived the smoke-free legislation to have increased the stigmatization of smoking. By separating, albeit temporarily, those who were smoking from those who were not had led to increased felt stigma. This had led to a social milieu that fostered self-labeling and self-stigmatization by smokers of their own smoking behavior, even when they were not smoking. While there was little reported direct discrimination, there was a loss of social status in public places. Smokers attempted to ameliorate stigmatization by not smoking outside, reducing going out socially, joining in the stigmatization of other smokers, and/or acknowledging the benefits of smoke-free environments. The unintended negative consequences of smoke-free legislation for some suggest that tobacco control strategies need to consider how smokers who experience increased stigma are supported by public health to address their smoking while continuing to create smoke-free environments.

Smoke-free Laws and Smoking and Drinking Among College Students

Little is known about the impact of smoke-free legislation on smoking and drinking alcohol among college students. The purpose was to examine whether strength and duration of municipal smoke-free laws are associated with cigarette and alcohol use among college students. Full-time undergraduates from two Southeastern universities participated in mailed (Site A) or electronic (Site B) surveys assessing tobacco and alcohol use and other risk behaviors pre and post comprehensive municipal smoke-free laws (Site A, N = 1,366. Site B, N = 1,404). The first cohort at each site participated prior to a municipal smoke-free law in the community. The second survey was conducted post-law (Site A, 3.5 years, Site B, 8 months). Past 30-day cigarette and alcohol use and other demographic and personal characteristics were assessed. At Site A, controlling for demographic differences and current alcohol use, the odds of being a current smoker were 32% lower post-law (28% pre-law vs. 19% post-law; odds ratio = 0.68, P = 0.02). At Site B, with demographics and drinking status in the model, the decrease in smoking rate from pre- to post-law was not significant. At both sites, controlling for demographics and current smoking status, change in the likelihood of drinking was not significant. Comprehensive smoke-free laws in the surrounding community may reduce smoking rates among college students who live, work and recreate there, particularly after the laws are well-established. While alcohol prevalence is very high among college students, enacting smoke-free legislation was not associated with alcohol use.

The impact of smokefree legislation in Scotland: results from the Scottish ITC Scotland/UK longitudinal surveys

To evaluate how Scotland's smokefree law impacted self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in hospitality venues, workplaces and in people's homes. In addition, we examine changes in support for the law, pub and restaurant patronage, smoking cessation indicators and whether any observed changes varied by socioeconomic status. A quasi-experimental longitudinal telephone survey of nationally representative samples of smokers and non-smokers interviewed before the Scottish law (February to March 2006) and 1 year later after the law (March 2007) in Scotland (n = 705 smokers and n = 417 non-smokers) and the rest of the UK (n = 1027 smokers and n = 447 non-smokers) where smoking in public places was not regulated at the time. Dramatic declines in the observance of smoking in pubs, restaurants and workplaces were found in Scotland relative to the rest of the UK. The change in the percent of smokers reporting a smokefree home and number of cigarettes smoked inside the home in the evening was comparable in Scotland and the rest of the UK. Support for smokefree policies increased to a greater extent in Scotland than in the rest of the UK. Self-reported frequency of going to pubs and restaurants was generally comparable between Scotland and the rest of the UK; however, non-smokers in Scotland were more likely to frequent pubs more often. No differences in smoking cessation indicators were observed between countries. The Scottish smokefree law has been successful in decreasing secondhand smoke exposure while causing none of the hypothesized negative outcomes.

The Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation in Ontario on Levels of Second Hand Smoke in Enclosed Public Places

The Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation in Ontario on Levels of Second Hand Smoke in Enclosed Public Places

Reviewing the impact of smoke-free legislation

Six months after smoking in enclosed public places in England was banned, Jennifer Percival reviews some early statistics on the ban's effect and looks to the future