Impact Of Scientific Evidence Research Articles

Transiting the Family Breakup: An Approach to Parenting Coordination

The traditional family model has undergone changes in recent times, there has been an increase in separations and divorces, as well as an increase in the number of judicial breakup proceedings subject to high levels of conflict. Regarding this socio-family reality, it is important to guarantee the fundamental right of minors to relate adequately with both their father and their mother, maintaining all their ties. The problem arises when their children are involved in the conflicts generated by the separation or divorce. These processes of family breakup with high levels of conflict are an important risk in terms of guaranteeing the well-being of the children involved in them. In the same way, there are more and more authors who explain that processes of separation or divorce conflict affect the children in different dimensions, causing an increase in behavioral, emotional or psychological problems. The aim of this study is to develop a content analysis to know and analyze the scientific literature, national and international, around this area. Our results show a first approximation from which to investigate and deepen the family breakup processes and to know the impact of scientific evidence around the reality of parenting coordination.

Speaking truth in power: Scientific evidence as motivation for policy activism

Unelected administrative policymakers rely on the domain expertise and technical integrity of scientific information to maintain perceptions of legitimacy. The necessity that regulatory policymakers rely on sound scientific evidence has been formalized at the US federal level through executive order. Yet, the practical impact of scientific evidence on public support and mobilization for policies remains unclear. We investigate whether individual policy activists are more likely to participate in regulatory policymaking when a policy recommendation is substantiated by scientific evidence. We investigate how two separate groups within the public—policy advocates and policy experts—may be affected differentially by scientific evidence. In collaboration with a nationally active policy advocacy group, we conducted a randomized messaging experiment in which members of the group’s e-mail list are sent one of three versions of a policy advocacy message. Results indicate that reference to evidence published in peer reviewed scientific sources increased activism by roughly 1 percentage point among general activists, and decreased activism by 4-5 percentage points among scientific experts.

The impact of scientific evidence and price level of hypertension drug therapies on their market performance – A Europe based analysis

This study aims to investigate how much the market performance of drug therapies is influenced by their scientific evidence and price level. Compared to the seemingly simple objective, performing the analysis in the pharmaceutical industry makes the evaluation very complex. Examining the purchase decision process in the prescription drug market, besides the patient as the final consumer, the prescribing physician has the largest decision potential. In addition, the authors cannot ignore the healthcare system financing the therapy either, not to mention the interlacements of regulations, manufacturer interests, their marketing potential and marketing activities. This complexity makes it impossible to describe the pharmaceutical industry in uniform terms. The literature search also confirms that the mentioned complexity makes it hard to draw unambiguous conclusions. In spite of that –with a positivistic approach- the authors live with the assumption that scientific evidence (better efficacy and safety profile) should be awarded on the market on the aggregate level. It is inevitable to clarify at the very beginning that the authors investigate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and not brands in the recent study. With all this in mind, their intention is to introduce a novel approach for the evaluation of the relationship between the product characteristics (clinical evidence of APIs) and their market performance. In order to examine the relationship the authors involved APIs that belong to the same indication group, having the same mechanism of action and which have been in the generic competition for years after their patent have expired. As a model they perform the analysis with antihypertensive drug therapies. The authors consider that it is possible to rank the active ingredients of drug therapies on the basis of their efficacy and safety, based on relevant clinical literature. The result of ranking serves as the starting point of the analysis. Unequivocally, the authors do not forget about the additional factors that significantly influence the market performance of APIs, but deliberately do not involve these factors in the recent analysis. These factors are the different reimbursement and funding policies, marketing activity of the manufacturers, country-of-origin effect, the impact of clinical guidelines and clinical literature, and their effect on each other. There is one exception, since the article partially deals with the influence of price level on the market performance. In contrast with the majority of the available literature, this study aims to explore the identifiable patterns by investigating the European pharmaceutical market on system-level.

Scientific evidence, expert entrepreneurship, and ecosystem narratives in the UK Natural Environment White Paper

The Natural Environment White Paper represents the most important conservation policy shift in the United Kingdom (UK) in twenty years. It formalises the ecosystem approach within national policy objectives and emphasises the economic value of ecosystem services. By analysing the use of various evidence sources, the involvement of science entrepreneurs, and the development of policy narratives, our goal was to understand factors that influenced adoption of an ecosystem service framework in the UK. We interviewed 48 policy actors and found that centrally-sponsored synthesis reports with entrepreneurial authors provided the most influential expert-based knowledge in the development of the White Paper. More recently published reports had greater influence, yet the window of opportunity for scientific evidence having policy impact was greater in the problem-setting stages of policy development. The interaction between teams preparing syntheses and expert entrepreneurs helped influence the construction of strategic policy narratives. Those narratives increased the impact of scientific evidence by communicating and framing key policy-salient messages, and brokering between broad ecosystem-based and environmental economics narratives. The combination of ecological and economics evidence was particularly salient in the UK case due to the context of continued biodiversity loss and the acceptability of valuation narratives within central government. Our findings suggest that evidence impact varies at different stages of the policy process, and that this is driven by the interplay of contextual factors like policy timing, personal influence, and the competition between different sets of actors and narratives.

The Assumed Isolation of China and Autochthony of her Culture

IMPORTANT as is the culture and social thought of ancient China as part of China's own intellectual and cultural heritage and as a component of comparative culture, it is functioning also in immediate and practical problems. Today, as continuously for millenniums indeed (Occidentals and) the Chinese Elite cite their ancient culture and thinkers, not merely to point out early yet persisting values, but to set forth precedent and sanction for current behavior, program, and policy. This two-fold function is powerfully clinched by the pivotal contention of the indigeneity and autochthony of Chinese culture. And that contention in turn is rooted in the explicit conviction and profession that these are counterparts of China's physical isolation from prehistoric times. For the past two generations, however, these basic assumptions have been weakening and crumpling under the impact of scientific evidence. They can no longer act as adequate props under the professed pristine nature of late Chinese thought, nor can they bear the weight of policy and program among current reformers. Howard Becker and other historians or expositors of ancient Chinese thought, to the contrary notwithstanding, autochthony and its mental counterpart should be relegated to a dead issue. China's thought and entire culture owe effective elements to diffusion. That fact is one of the key notions prerequisite to understanding China and to judging current policy and program which draw on these ancient sanctions.