Impact Of Rural-urban Migration Research Articles

Rural-urban Migration and Overweight Status in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Indonesia

With rapid urbanization and intensive rural-urban migration, being overweight has become an increasingly common source of health risks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the impact of rural-urban migration on overweight status is understudied in the LMIC context. Previous studies primarily used cross-sectional data, failing to adjust for migration health selection. Furthermore, the potential gender pattern in the impact of rural-urban migration remained unclear, and the potential cumulative effect of the duration of urban residence among migrants was rarely examined with longitudinal data. Meanwhile, the mediating effects of health behavioral factors were poorly understood. Using data from the fourth and fifth waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and employing fixed-effects (FE) models (N=7267), this study provided new evidence on the impact of rural-urban migration on overweight status across time and gender. Findings suggest that rural-urban migration significantly and positively predicted being overweight, and the association was significantly stronger among women than men. The results also show that years lived in urban areas did not significantly predict overweight among migrants, and that mediating health-related behaviors did little to explain adverse weight outcomes of migrants. As the number of rural-urban migrants continues growing, LMIC governments should implement health interventions aiming for healthy weight status among migrant communities. Meanwhile, gender-specific programs targeting women should be considered. Future research should explore other potential mediators of the link between rural-urban migration and overweight.

Impact of rural-urban migration in low-income settlements in Bangladesh: A case study on Baganbari slum

Rural-urban migration is one of the most familiar terms in the present world, especially in developing countries. The people of Bangladesh have a strong tendency to migrate towards the megacities. The migrants are required to cope with many uncertainties, risks, and challenges. This paper is aimed to find out the impact of RUM especially on the life standards of the migrants. Here qualitative approach has been followed, and the Baganbari slum of Mirpur region has been selected as the representative of the slums of Bangladesh. Demographic characteristics of the respondents were presented here in order to categorize the migrants. Based on survey questionnaires, 20 household heads of the slum were part of the survey. Three key informant interviews, five FGDs, and two case studies were also used to collect data. During FGD and KII, the respondents were asked about their monthly income, hometown, religion, age, monthly income, and others. Also, the respondents mentioned about some causes of their migration. The study shows the brutalities of slum life and reflects the limitations of slum life as well. According to the findings of the study, the government should take a special look at the proper education and skill development facilities of the slum children.

The Impact of the Rural–Urban Migration of Chinese Farmers on the Use of Rural Homesteads: A Threshold Model Analysis

China’s urbanisation process is unique compared to that of other developed economies in that while the rural population is migrating to the cities in large numbers, the area of rural homestead use also continues to increase. This research uses macro data and a threshold model to further analyse this phenomenon of “farmers leaving while rural homestead increasing”. Specifically, we focus on the mechanisms of action, development patterns and regional differences in the impact of the rate of rural–urban migration (RRUM) on the rate of increase in the area of rural homesteads (IARH), and discuss the spatial spillover effects of the impact between the two. The results of the research show that: (1) There is an “inverted U-shaped” double threshold effect on the impact of RRUM on IARH. (2) Rural population density and regional urban–rural income disparity are used as threshold variables, respectively, resulting in a sudden change in the relationship between RRUM and IARH. (3) The threshold effect of RRUM on IARH mainly exists in the central and western regions, non-minority nationality areas, non-provincial capital cities and non-resource-based cities. (4) The RRUM can not only directly affect the local IARH, but also indirectly affect the surrounding areas through spatial spillover effects. Our research provides critical insights for policy makers on the reform of the rural homestead system and urbanisation development strategies in different regions.

Rural –Urban Migration and Subsequent Land Management Practices in Moshi Rural District, Tanzania

This paper examined the impact of rural urban migration on land restoration and management in Moshi rural District. The paper is based on the study carried out in Mkolowonyi, Tema and Otaruni villages. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed in collecting, managing and analysing data. Questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data while focus group discussion, indepth interviews and direct observation were employed to collect qualitative data. A total number of 100 householdswhich representing 5% of 1819 household swere was selected as a sample. Also 5 key informants and about 17 members were purposefully selected for 3 focus group discussions. Descriptive and thematic data analysis techniques were employed. Findings show that rural urban migration has both positive and negative impacts on land management. It reduces pressure on land resource, and improves land management practises through funds provided by the migrants, employing temporary labourers and introducing new crop varieties. The study recommends that rural - urban migration should be seen as an opportunity instead of a problem. Thus there is a need to encourage positive linkage between rural migrants and counterparts in rural areas in order to boost community development.

The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria

The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria

The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria

One of the biggest world problems now is rural-urban migration, with about more than 50% of the total world's population living in urban centres. Looking at the world's virus pandemic of COVID-19 is spreading very fast; this is because of the congestion, unsanitary and high population in the urban centres. This paper highlights the problems of urbanisation in Kano State, and Nigeria as a whole. Relevant literatures were revised and conclusion and recommendation were deduced. Results show that migration problems resulted in the city over sprawl, deforestation, disturbance of wildlife, abandonment of cultural heritage, agricultural land, craftsmanship and loss of ancestral informal education and occupation. Therefore, it is recommended that rural areas of Kano State should be given special attention to reduce the rate of migration problem in urban centres around Kano State, Nigeria.

Socio-Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration A Case Study of Phiro Village, Wokha District

Socio-Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration A Case Study of Phiro Village, Wokha District

Impact of Rural Urban Migration on Economic Sources in

This study comprises of five chapters. The topic of the research was Impact of Rural Urban Migration on Economic Sources in Mogadishu: Challenges and opportunities. The main objective of study was to examine determinates of rural urban migration in Somalia. Challenges and problems associated with internal rural migration and possible solutions of the problems associated with internal migration. Methodology: The researcher employed a descriptive survey design and engaged both Quantitative and Qualitative Research methods and also used interview schedule and questionnaires for collecting data. The Quantitative Data, the researcher engaged the use of SPSS used by tables. While the Qualitative Data also analyzed by using themes and explanations while comparing and contrasting the findings with the literature review. The sample size used to be 384 respondents picked up from the target population. Key findings: Recurrent shocks both natural and manmade disasters including droughts, floods and conflicts are the major determinates of rural urban migration, High unemployment rates, limited educational facilities in the rural, lack of social service delivery including heath, medical facilities and clean water abject poverty and bad living conditions. The weakened Government efforts and NGOs to curb the problems of internal migration include: Improve the economic status of the country, support agricultural sector and livestock to keep the pastoral and agro-pastoralist to migrate into the urban areas. Reorganization and diversifying the Employment in public and private sectors to reduce the economic migration, specifically the youth migration from the rural to urban areas looking for better employment opportunities. Conclusion: Overall, the objectives of the study were attained and it was thus concluded that, determinants of the rural urban migration are mainly economic reasons and standard of the living condition in the rural, as well as the deteriorated insecurity situations in most parts of south and central Somali regions where internal migrants are mainly migrated from, the researcher described this as the pull and push factors. The socioeconomic conditions of the rural areas and internal migrants were found to be worrisome.

Socioeconomic Impact of Rural Urban Migration: A Revisit of Slum Dwellers in Northern Region of Bangladesh

This paper examines the socioeconomic impacts of regional rural urban migration of marginal segment in Rajshahi city corporation slum areas in Bangladesh. Key objective of this article is to examine the results of the first phase, i.e, the findings of the 2003-04 survey, compare with the recent outcomes, whether or not there is any change in the interval of time, and to see the significance level of each variable. For this purpose, primary survey data were collected of 300 randomly selected respondents by using semi-structured questionnaire in slum areas. To analyse the data, the econometric model is developed to observe the association between dependent and the exploratory socioeconomic impacts variables. Statistically advance technique by establishing a backward elimination regression process to analyse the cross-sectional survey data. Therefore, in the long regression model indicate twelve variables are significant while short regression delve out only ten extremely significant variables that are in the place of destination: economic conditions, increasing savings, poverty level increase, cultural adjustment problem and children educational opportunity; and at the origin: investment in housing development, investment in land purchase, help to relative by providing job, participating social activities and loan repayment. The duration of almost fifteen years period, there is a periodical change also explores the positive socioeconomic impacts of slum households. Thus this study suggested longitude depth research compare to migrate and non-migrated households at the origin as well as destination to find overall impacts for the both societies.

The time use pattern and labour supply of the left behind spouse and children in rural China

Studies on the impact of rural-urban migration on the left behind, in particular, their time use and labour supply are few. The migration of a household member might lead to an “income effect” which could reduce the labour supply of the left behind and/or to a “substitution effect” which would work in the opposite direction. Thus the total effect of migration on the left behind is an empirical question. This paper uses panel data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and uses the wage gap sorted by education level as instrumental variable to control for the “endogeneity” of migration. The findings show that the time use of the left behind spouse and children is not statistically different from those same members of non-migrant households, suggesting that the income effect is offset by the substitution effect. The result proves to be resilient to various robustness checks.

The Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Health of the Left-Behind Parents

The Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Health of the Left-Behind Parents

A Pure Capital Market Complementarity between Immigrants and Natives

This work presents a model aiming to evaluate the impact of rural-urban migration on the aggregate stock of loanable funds and investment by the urban population. Much higher investment costs for immigrants in cities prevent their acquisition of either human or physical capital. That is the reason why immigrants self-select as net lenders and affect urban labor earnings by means of the availability of new loanable funds for investment. This reduces the local interest rates and facilitates urban aggregate investment, especially by the new generations of natives. As a result of that, the aggregate labor income of natives increases unambiguously with the size of new immigration waves.

Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Urban Bangladesh

Nearly one billion residents in cities of developing world are estimated to be poor, and the trend of urbanization and poverty increasingly alarming (Mehta, 2000). The number of people living in urban slums is expected to be double within 2025. Like other developing countries, the number of migrant dwellers is increasing very rapidly in urban societies of Bangladesh. Urban population is increasing mainly due to rural urban migration. Most of the migrants are rural poor who take shelter in slums, squatters, footpaths, rail stations and other scattered places. Bangladesh at present is 7th most populous country in the world. Based on the current rate of growth of population, the country's population (currently at 158 million) is expected to reach 206 million in 2025 (ESCAP, 2007). Like many countries, the rate of urban poor in Bangladesh is increasing. Migration has long been an important livelihood strategy for the people of Bangladesh. Every year, thousands of destitute victims of natural disasters pour into the cities from rural areas. Others come in the hope of a better life whenever the population rise to such an extent that people can no longer secure a livelihood, they migrated elsewhere. Even today, both poor and better off people pursue migration as a livelihood strategy in Bangladesh. In recent years, most of the cities in Bangladesh are experiencing rapid but unplanned urbanization. While the annual population growth rate is 1.7 per cent at national level, the percentage of urban growth is increasing faster and it is expected that more than 50 per cent of the population in Bangladesh will live in urban areas by the year 2025 (ESCAP, 2007).

The Impact of Rural-urban Migration on Gender Relations in Chinese Households

The large scale of migrant flows has affected China's development profoundly. Rural-urban migration, in particular, has been the main source of the China's economic miracle in recent years and is also rapidly reshaping the demographic and social landscapes of Chinese cities and countryside. How has migration impacted migrants themselves? This article attempts to examine the way in which migration challenges traditional attitudes to gender and patriarchy based on this empirical study of 89 rural-urban migrant households in Beijing. It concludes that the rural-urban movement has to some extent changed the pattern of the gender-based division of labor, the gendered decision-making process and perceived fairness and satisfaction regarding gender relations in these households. A comparison between three different types of migrant households reveals that the change in women's position in the labor force is the most important factor contributing to changes in domestic gender relations. However, due to the still gender-biased labor market regime and discriminatory policies towards migrants, the change has been limited. The findings have profound policy implications for improving the migrants' lives in cities.

The impact of rural-urban migration: Case study on the Loess Plateau of Central China

As a result of China’s marketization in recent years there has been an enormous number of rural—urban migrants. Based on a case study in poor villages on the Loess Plateau of central China, and referring to the overall framework of migration theories, this article examines the social and economic characteristics of migrants and their households, and discusses to what extent rural— urban migration contributes to the social and economic development of the migrant-sending areas, especially in reducing poverty.

Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Children: A Micro­-level Study

Rural-urban adult migration mainly adult male migration makes heavy demand on all family members, but especially on children who are left behind in rural area to shoulder the responsibility of agricultural production and food security. Labor shortage due to rural-urban adult migration may mean that children in rural area often have to face tighter time schedules and patterns of time use and flu man energy inputs required in agricultural production. The study revealed the impact of rural-urban migration on rural children. In the study, sample was restricted to households that own and/or operate agricultural land in rural area. A purposive sampling was adopted to select villages and covered 100 sample households. The study was based on link between rural-urban migration of adult persons and child labor in rural area. The empirical result showed that an additional rural migrant of a household increases the probability of having child worker in that household by approximately 51%. However, it was found that children of migrant households receive less preventive health care in their infancy. The study also showed that an additional adult worker of a household increases the probability of having child worker in that household by 29%. For this reason, this study supports the hypothesis that children are the last economic resource of a household.

The impact of rural-urban migration on a village music culture: some implications for applied ethnomusicology

Rural-urban migration, which is becoming a unique phenomenon in developing countries, constitutes a special challenge in ethnomusicology. Consequently materials, methods, and theory building in ethnomusicology are now being forced to "face the music" in urban areas. It is therefore my purpose to provide a detailed aspect of how rural-urban migration affects musical practice in a particular village in Ghana; and, second, to address specific problems derived from the village situation; and, finally, to explore how a more favourable situation could be created through the implementation of a suggested program of action from the perspective of applied ethnomusicology.

L'exode rural continue dans la ville, à Monterrey (Mexique)

An analysis of recent rural migrants in the city of Monterrey, Mexico, is presented. The focus of the study is on the impact of rural-urban migration on social class. The author concludes that in contrast to Europe, where the assimilation of rural migrants has been the norm, migrants in Monterrey are in the process of establishing original and distinct social and economic structures in the city. (summary in ENG, GER, SPA)

Third World Urbanization and International Assistance

A summary of the situation regarding urbanization in developing countries is first presented by drawing on the published literature. Variations in the rate of urbanization around the world are noted and the impact of rural-urban migration and urban growth on urban poverty and employment is considered. The author examines urban development strategies under these conditions and the role that international assistance could play in helping to resolve such urban problems. (ANNOTATION)

The impact of rural-urban migration on income distribution.

ABSTRACT This article surveys interactions between migration and inequality, concentrating mainly on the impact on income inequality of rural to urban migration. To study the impact of migration requires a prior understanding of the processes determining income distribution, so the main theories of the latter are briefly surveyed, including subsistence, neoclassical, institutional, and structural models. In each case the main theme is labour market functioning. The impact of migration in each of these models is then discussed, partly in terms of the properties of the models themselves, partly in terms of plausible migration scenarios. The empirical literature is briefly surveyed, covering characteristics of migrants; integration of migrants in destination areas; urban-rural interactions in terms of remittances, terms of trade, and return-migration; and macro-economic issues. It is concluded that the impact of migration on inequality differs greatly according to the mode of production and the model used to describe it. On the basis of the evidence reviewed, the more common outcome seems to be for migration to reduce inequality overerall (mainly by reducing differentials between origin and destination areas), but migration can also help to perpetuate inegalitarian production systems. Finally it is commented that migration is endogenous to most production systems to that its effects cannot be adequately analysed without also examining its causes.