Impact Of Return Migration Research Articles

Heterogeneous effects of return migration on children's mental health and cognitive outcomes

As a neglected group, the number of return migrant children is growing with China's monumental volume of labor migration. Using data from 2013 to 2014 China Education Panel Survey, this study examines heterogeneous effects of return migration on children's mental health and cognitive outcomes. Our results show that the effects of return migration on children vary with the propensity for return migration. More importantly, when children are at risk of return migration, even if that risk is small, it already has a negative impact on children's mental health, which reminds us that it needs to take a dynamic view to study the impact of return migration on children. However, the impact of return migration is not all negative, and the findings suggest that return migration can promote the cognitive development of urban-origin migrant children. A striking regional difference emerges from our analysis: due to urban-rural gap, the impact of return migration on children from urban and rural areas is different. Specifically, return migration has a positive effect on the cognitive development of urban-origin migrant children while return migration does some harm to that of rural-origin migrant children, which implies that return migration may widen the gap between urban and rural children.

Mirroring the urban exodus: The impact of return migration on rural entrepreneurship

This study explores the impact of internal return migration on rural household entrepreneurship in China, utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey. Analysis reveals that return migration significantly increases the likelihood of rural households initiating businesses, with education and household debt levels acting as key moderators. The findings suggest that return migration can act as a catalyst for rural entrepreneurship, highlighting the importance of targeted educational and financial support for returnees. The research underscores the potential of return migration to contribute to rural economic development, advocating for policies that facilitate the reintegration of migrants into rural economies.

Impact of Return Migration on the Employment Structure of Non-Migrants: Evidence from Rural China

Research on the impact of returnees on rural economic development in China is scarce with the increasing number of migrant workers returning to the countryside from Chinese cities. Data from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) of 2014 and 2016 are used in this paper, attempting to discuss this issue from the perspective of the impact of returnees on the employment of the non-migrant labor force based on occupational skill structure. It is found that the higher the proportion of returnees at the county level is, the more non-migrants will shift to non-agricultural areas after controlling for the exogenous factors of returning reason. Stayers are more likely to work in the medium-skilled secondary industry and construction and escape away from the low-skilled service sector. Off-farm job opportunity and peer effect may be two main channels of returnees to influence job structure of non-migrants. This paper provides empirical evidence on the contribution of Chinese returnees to non-agricultural economic development in rural areas.

The impact of return migration on employment and wages in Mexican cities

How does return migration from the US to Mexico affect local workers? Return migrants increase the local labor supply, potentially hurting local workers. However, having been exposed to a more advanced U.S. economy, they may also carry human capital that benefits non-migrants. Using an instrument based on involuntary return migration, we find that, whereas workers who share returnees’ occupations experience a fall in wages, workers in other occupations see their wages rise. These effects are, however, transitory and restricted to the city-industry receiving the returnees. In contrast, returnees permanently alter a city’s long-run industrial composition, by raising employment levels in the local industries that hire them.

The Impact of Return Migration on Economic Development

Abstract Mexican migration to the United States—one of the largest flows in human history—inverted in the late 2000s, and during the next decade more Mexicans returned home than those who migrated north. We exploit this historical reversal to estimate the effects of return migration on economic development in Mexico. We find that return migration leads to higher levels of development through improved income, labor, health, and educational outcomes. Our findings suggest that the benefits of migration extend beyond individuals' tenure abroad, as accumulated capital, skills, and social norms have the potential to contribute to development back home.

Transnational Migration and Educational Change: Examples of Afropolitan Schooling from Senegal and Ghana

Studies on migration and education have examined homeland returns as part of family strategies around acquiring desired cultural capital. However, the impact of return migration and transnational mobility on homeland educational landscapes remains under‐researched. Using ethnographic data from Ghana, Senegal, the UK and the US, this paper shows how ‘international’ schools on the African continent have emerged as places where young transnational Africans can acquire cosmopolitan and Afropolitan competencies and outlooks.

“Let Them Make It Rain and Bling”: Unveiling Community Expectations towards Returned Migrants in Cameroon

In Africa, international migration to the Global North is often interpreted as a means to achieve upward social mobility. This article highlights the importance of considering the socio-economic and political transformations that form migration aspirations, especially among African youths. Simultaneously, increasing restrictive migration regimes impacts the extent to which migrants can meet the clauses in the moral economy of migration in their origin communities. We focus on (Anglophone) Cameroon, where international migration is referred to as “bushfalling”. A person who migrates to a Western society desires or is expected to return home to share the wealth he/she has accumulated. This interpretation of migration forms different perspectives regarding migrants and guides expectations towards returned migrants. However, little is known on how these expectations are defined and redefined in the society of return. Based on focus group discussions conducted among local community members, we show that the expectations were guided by the visa regimes of destination countries. Moreover, successful returnees were defined by their ability to be visible and create an impact after return. Thus, this article contributes more broadly to an African perspective on the meaning and impact of return migration.

The Impact of Return Migration on Economic Development

The Impact of Return Migration on Economic Development

The impact of return migration on the Mexican labor market

Abstract: Mexican return migration has been stable until 2012, while migration flows to the USA have fallen substantially between 2005 and 2012; the changes in the Mexican migration flows have affected the supply side of the Mexican labor market. The paper analyses the potential effects of the return migration on the Mexican labor market. According to the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE), return migrants to Mexico started to significantly increase since the third quarter of 2005 to the third quarter of 2009, and after that the number of returned migrants started to slightly decline until the second quarter 2013. Considering the availability of data an empirical econometric model is established including the unemployment rate as dependent variable and the real GDP and socioeconomic characteristics of migrants as explanatory variables. The results showed that changes in return migration have a positive impact in changes in the unemployment rate. On the other hand, the real GDP and migration to the USA have had a negative impact on the unemployment rate of Mexico. Given the increase of unemployment reported in ENOE, the results suggest that the inadequate capacity of the Mexican economy to absorb the return migration workers is limited. Resumen: Desde el 2012, la migración de retorno de México se ha estabilizado mientras que los flujos de trabadores migrantes se ha reducido substancialmente. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analiza los efectos de la migración mexicana de retorno en el mercado laboral en México, en particular, en la tasa de desempleo. De acuerdo a la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE), la cantidad de migrantes de retorno hacia México se incrementó entre el tercer trimestre e 2005 y el tercer trimestre de 2009 y, posteriormente, el número de migrantes retornados empezó a declinar ligeramente hasta el 2013. Con base en la disponibilidad de información estadística de la ENOE se realizó una regresión de mínimos cuadrados para analizar el efecto de los cambios del PIB real y los cambios en los flujos migratorios de trabajadores mexicanos a los EUA en los cambios de la tasa de desempleo en México. Los resultados corroboran que los cambios en la migración de retorno tienen un impacto positivo en la tasa de desempleo de México. Por otra parte, el PIB real y la migración de trabajadores mexicanos tienen un impacto negativo en el desempleo laboral de México. Por tanto, considerando que la ENOE ha mostrado un incremento de la tasa de desempleo de México, los resultados sugieren la poca capacidad de la economía mexicana para absorber los migrantes de retorno y la migración declinante de trabajadores mexicanos hacia los EUA.

Emboldened journeys: the effects of return migration on female empowerment in Cochabamba, Bolivia

This article analyses, on the basis of empirical fieldwork, the impact of return migration on the empowerment position of Bolivian female return migrants from the City of Cochabamba. It challenges the dominant discourse on migration and female empowerment, emphasising the empowerment processes while being 'away'. Using Charmes and Wieringa's (2003) empowerment model, we explore the empowerment processes of women upon return. We argue that the majority of the women experience economic empowerment during their departure and stay abroad. Upon return, however, this form of empowerment can only be attained by splitting up with their partners, thus also affecting their social empowerment position. As such, the article contributes to the body of knowledge on empowerment as a process, which aligns with the current practice of migration as a nonlinear process, with people moving back and forth.

The Migration–Development Nexus and Organizational Time

While some migration research looks at how time influences individual migration trajectories, little attention has been paid to the ways in which temporal considerations influence migration and development. We propose the idea of “organizational time” and argue that bringing time into sharper focus calls into question how the categories of migration and return affect organizational change; reveals how the career stage at which migrants leave affects their ability to influence organizational change when they return, and shows how the role of senders and receivers of social remittances shifts over time. We draw on research on the impact of return migration and social remittances on institutional capacity building and policymaking in the health sectors in Gujarat, India to make these arguments.

Recycling Migration and Changing Nationalisms: The Vietnamese Return Diaspora and Reconstruction of Vietnamese Nationhood

The Vietnamese diasporic population, largely constituted within international and regional political turbulences in the 1970s and early 1980s, has been swiftly recycled over the last decade. Many first- and second-generation overseas Vietnamese have been returning to Vietnam to live and work. This article examines the interactive dynamics between the homeland society and the returning migrants, and the impact of return migration on Vietnamese nationhood. Unlike most transnational studies that centre on the identity issues of transmigrants, this paper examines changes occurring both to the migrants and to the state and society of origin. It challenges the common perception that migrants are fluid and flexible, whereas the homeland state and society are fixed. While the homeland has been drawing up rhetorical strategies and policy to accommodate these once-discordant overseas subjects, the returning migrants continue their negotiations on history, identity and nationhood. The interactions between the Vietnamese state and the returning diaspora have created a dynamic transnational social field for the reconstruction of the Vietnamese past and present, which in turn poses new questions of boundary-making within the Vietnamese nation as a whole.

Return and labour status at home: evidence from returnees in Albania

This paper looks at three issues related to return migration in Albania. First, do returnees transfer human and/or financial capital upon return? Second, what determines their post‐return position in the Albanian labour market? And third, is there any developmental impact of return migration? The analysis utilizes a database attained from a survey of returnees, conducted by European Training Foundation in Albania in 2006. Our findings suggest that Albanian returnees do transfer financial capital and to a lesser extent human capital upon return. They are investing back home but mostly after completion of a process of accumulation of money and skills. Our findings, however, also combined with the existing empirical evidence, do not point to the existence of any obvious link between return migration and the country's economic development up to now.

The Impact of Return Migration to Jordan During the Gulf Crisis: A Case Study from Irbid

The Impact of Return Migration to Jordan During the Gulf Crisis: A Case Study from Irbid

Migration and Recession: Arab Labor Mobility in the Middle East, 1982-89

This article examines trends in Arab labor mobility in the Middle East during the economic recession of 1982-89. Political factors are seen as at least as important as economic considerations in determining the volume and direction of migration in the region. A number of countries in the Middle East remain heavily dependent on Arab foreign workers who fill essential positions in the fields of education health industry and construction. The impact of return migration on the sending countries is also addressed. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)

Foreign-born Canadian Emigrants and Their Characteristics, (1981–1986)

"This article provides estimates of levels and structures of recent return migration from Canada. Estimates are distinguished according to sex, period of immigration and place of birth of foreign-born emigrants. Special attention is paid to propensity to return. The impact of return migration on change of foreign-born populations is also evaluated." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, p. 426).

Development and Return Migration to Rural French Polynesia

In this article, a recent trend towards return migration to outer island French Polynesia is examined. Following a discussion of massive rural to urban migration throughout island Oceania, the regional and international factors responsible for reversing population movements in this French Territory are discussed. Finally, the impact of return migration on Tubuai, a rapidly developing outer island, is assessed specifically analyzing the manner in which returnees are reintegrated socially and economically into rural community life. The article concludes that returnees are development-oriented, but that increasing population growth in a context of fundamentally limited rural resources is not an economically viable process in the long term.

Development and Return Migration to Rural French Polynesia

"In this article, a recent trend towards return migration to outer island French Polynesia is examined. Following a discussion of massive rural to urban migration throughout island Oceania, the regional and international factors responsible for reversing population movements in this French Territory are discussed. Finally, the impact of return migration on Tubuai, a rapidly developing outer island, is assessed specifically analyzing the manner in which returnees are reintegrated socially and economically into rural community life. The article concludes that returnees are development-oriented, but that increasing population growth in a context of fundamentally limited rural resources is not an economically viable process in the long term."

Return migration.

The author reviews the findings of the growing literature on return migration. Topics covered include typologies of return migrants, reasons for return, adaptation and readjustment of returnees, and the impact of return migration on the migrants' home societies. The focus of the study is on international return migration, migration to Northern Europe and northeastern North America, and return migration to the southern and eastern fringes of Europe and the Caribbean