Impact Of Renewables Research Articles

Impact of renewables on the Peruvian electricity system

Peru is committed by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to reduce its Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Although Peru began promoting power plant projects based on renewable energies in 2008, the institutional impulse seems to have ceased today. Nonetheless, adopting renewable energy sources not only aids in fulfilling these commitments but also reduces electricity prices, fostering a more competitive economy. This study aims to provide a thorough analysis and evaluation of the impact that integrating Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Resources (NCRER) has on Peru's wholesale electricity market. Specifically, it focuses on the net total savings for the system, calculated as the difference between the reduction in energy costs traded and the cost of the renewable premium. To reach that goal a simplified yet analytical tool has been developed based on a multivariable regression of the real data of the market. The volume of natural gas not consumed and the volume of GHG emissions avoided will also be evaluated. The results show that based on the 2021 scenario, a NCRER share of 28.26 % would lead to a net saving for the final users of 316.04 MUSD in the annual energy traded in the market. The reduction of conventional thermal generation prevents the annual burning of 2.04 normal km3 of natural gas and the emission of 4.99 million tons of CO2-eq. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the impact of NCRER production in the Peruvian electricity system has been quantitatively evaluated.

The impact of renewables on energy security

ABSTRACT Energy security has taken a more prominent role due to the conflict in Ukraine. There are many considerations to energy security; however, recent events highlight that the availability of affordable energy will be considered paramount. A switch to renewable energy changes the issues related to energy security but does not necessarily ensure greater security. Renewables increase the need for minerals and threaten to alter the countries involved in energy security, not the international interdependence. Geopolitics will remain an important consideration for energy security and a switch to renewables is unlikely to eliminate this factor. Canada has the potential to play an important role in future energy security.

The impact of renewables on the incidents of negative prices in the energy spot markets

In this paper we analyze the impact of growing renewable energy generation on the instances of negative day-ahead auction prices. We perform a simulation that is based on the real-world day-ahead wholesale supply and demand curves from the German-Luxembourg coupled market to gain insights about which developments in instances of negative market clearing prices could be expected in the short to middle term period with more intermittent energy in the system. This is achieved through transforming the real-world supply curves to include more renewable generation and recalculating the market clearing prices. The results of the spatial analysis suggest that keeping the strong fiscal support for renewables, auction design, and marginal cost bidding in place unchanged would gradually lead to more instances of negative prices in the coming years. Conclusively, we discuss the implications of the observed phenomena on the energy policy.

Does the cost of energy matter for innovation? The effects of energy prices on SME innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa

PurposeEnergy and environment has gained traction within the field of entrepreneurship literature, but a comprehensive empirical study that examines the relationship between the cost of energy and small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) innovation is an omission. Therefore, this novel study aims to examine the relationship between the cost of energy and SMEs innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by first examining the differential impact of the various generation sources on the price of electric energy. This research has enabled us to investigate and understand the transmission mechanism of increasing/decreasing electricity price on innovation decisions and activities of SMEs in SSA.Design/methodology/approachUsing quantitative approach, with the data from the World Bank Enterprise and Innovation Follow-up Surveys, the study utilises a Tobit model to test whether the generation mix (renewable and non-renewable generation sources) increases or decreases electricity prices and examine the impact of the cost of electric energy on SMEs innovation in SSA.FindingsThe findings of this study shows that the cost of electricity affects negatively on SMEs innovation decision and activities of SMEs in SSA. The impact of renewables on the price of electricity has a larger magnitude relative to that of non-renewables. This finding has implications for policy makers promoting renewable energy without a policy design to tackle the unintended price effect of promoting renewable energy.Originality/valueThis is the first study to introduce cost of energy into an innovation model and to empirically examine the role of cost of energy for innovation activities of SMEs in SSA. Further, it examines the sources of generation on electricity price in SSA. The study contributes towards the empirical literature, and the findings also have implication for policy makers regarding the unintended consequences of promoting the transition to low-carbon electricity generation sources on SMEs via the cost of doing business implication.

Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Sector: A Review

The electrical power sector plays an important role in the economic growth and development of every country around the world. Total global demand for electric energy is growing both in developed and developing economies. The commitment to the decarbonization of economies, which would mean replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES) as well as the electrification of transport and heating as a means to tackle global warming and dangerous climate change, would lead to a surge in electricity consumption worldwide. Hence, it appears reasonable that the electric power sector should embed the principles of sustainable development into its functioning and operation. In addition, events such as the recent European gas crisis that have emerged as a result of the massive deployment of renewables need to be studied and prevented. This review aims at assessing the role of the renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electrical power sector, focusing on the energy providers and consumers represented both by businesses and households that are gradually becoming prosumers on the market of electric energy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the impact of renewables on the utility side and their benefits for the grid. In addition, it identifies the major factors of the sustainable development of the electrical power sector.

Market‐Wide Impact of Renewables on Electricity Prices in Australia*

This paper estimates the market‐wide impact of utility‐scale renewables on Australia's National Electricity Market (NEM) wholesale prices from 2009 to 2020. The goal is to understand the medium‐run impact of renewable generation, as opposed to the short‐run impact of weather‐driven changes in renewable output. The focus is, therefore, on the relationship between renewable generation (and its growth) and wholesale prices over a long period of time. In particular, we exploit the half‐hourly nature of wholesale price setting in the NEM to uncover the impact of solar and wind daily production on the distribution of prices throughout the day. In contrast to the merit‐order effect literature, which focuses on the short‐run (contemporaneous) impact of renewables, our results suggest that the total daily solar production has a positive, although not always significant, impact on wholesale prices throughout the day during an early development stage of solar generation. For a more recent period, following a substantive increase in utility‐scale solar generation, the results are more in line with the merit‐order effect literature with total daily solar production reducing wholesale prices for most of the day. This impact, however, is of several orders of magnitude lower than that predicted in the literature. We also show that the daily production of wind has a small negative impact on wholesale prices for most of the day, throughout the entire period of analysis.

The Impact of Renewables on Operational Security: Operating Power Systems That Have Extremely High Penetrations of Nonsynchronous Renewable Sources

For decades, electricity transmission systems were planned to operate within the scope of active power transfers that, by their nature, were fairly well defined and limited in number, size, and direction. However, in recent years, this situation has been dramatically changing in front of our eyes as a result of two main developments. The first concerns new types of renewable power generation (i.e., wind, solar, tidal wave, and so on) and their increasing share of the generation portfolio. The second relates to the introduction and evolution of electricity markets. These factors contribute to fundamental changes in generation patterns and power transfers in ways that were not anticipated.

The impact of renewables on electricity prices in Germany - An update for the years 2014–2018

Increasing electricity prices for private consumers manifested the idea of price boosting renewable energy sources in Germany's public opinion. Literature however widely concurs that wind and photovoltaics have a reducing effect on spot market electricity prices. The underlying merit order effect led to historically low exchange prices in the past years. To quantify this effect, this study analyses historic demand and supply curves from the German day-ahead market to reconstruct electricity prices without the feed-in of wind and photovoltaics from 2014 to 2018. Results show that renewable energy sources considerably reduced electricity prices by between 2.89 ct/kWh in 2014 to 8.89 ct/kWh in 2017. This allowed German end-consumers to save a total of 40 billion € from 2014 to 2018. Additionally, wind and PV contributed significantly to security of supply. Demand could not have been met by domestic conventional and nuclear generation capacities in up to 424 hours in 2018. The study highlights the necessity to further speed-up the expansion of wind and photovoltaics.

Impact of renewables on relay protection operation

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Are EU's Climate and Energy Package 20-20-20 targets achievable and compatible? Evidence from the impact of renewables on electricity prices

This paper studies the realizability and compatibility of the three CEP2020 targets, focusing on electricity prices. We study the impact of renewables and other fundamental determinants on wholesale and household retail electricity prices in ten EU countries from 2008 to 2016. Increases in production from renewables decrease wholesale electricity prices in all countries. As decreases in prices should promote consumption, an apparent contradiction emerges between the target of an increase in renewables and the target of a reduction in consumption. However, the impact of renewables on the non-energy part of household wholesale electricity prices is positive in six countries. Therefore, decreases in wholesale prices, that may compromise the CEP2020 target of decrease in consumption, do not necessarily translate into lower household retail prices. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the probability of achieving CEP's target of reductions in GHG emissions for 2020 is lower than 1% in Austria, Portugal, and Spain. In horizon 2030, Austria, France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain have probabilities lower than 1% of achieving the GHG emissions target. Finland and France present success probabilities lower than 1% on the national targets of renewable sources for 2020 and 2030 as do Austria and Spain with reductions in electricity consumption.

Impact of renewables and FACT device on deregulated thermal system having sine cosine algorithm optimised fractional order cascade controller

This study highlights the operation under the bilateral scenario of the deregulated environment, considering a three unequal area thermal system, wherein several renewable sources namely geothermal plant (GTP), solar thermal and wind had been integrated to analyse their effect both through dynamic responses as well as analytically from the aspect of GENCO participation, related to the price based environment. Later a flexible alternating current transmission (FACT) device, interline power flow controller (IPFC) is being connected to the above-considered system at different positions. Various observations are made for checking if there is an optimal location for the placement of IPFC and it reflects that IPFC placed between the tie lines of area 1 and area 3 shall economically be the most feasible option. The considered thermal systems are provided with suitable generation rate constraints. In this study, an initiative has been taken to use a new combination of fractional order (FO) cascade controller, FO integral-FO proportional-derivative as secondary controller and its capability is being checked with the traditional controllers revealing it to outperform the others. The gains and other required parameters of all the secondary controllers are optimised by means of the stochastic sine cosine algorithm.

Energy Security Concerns versus Market Harmony: The Europeanisation of Capacity Mechanisms

The impact of renewables on the energy markets–falling wholesale electricity prices and lower investment stability–are apparently creating a shortage of energy project financing, which in future could lead to power supply shortages. Governments have responded by introducing payments for capacity, alongside payments for energy being sold. The increasing use of capacity mechanisms (CMs) in the EU has created tensions between the European Commission, which encourages cross-country cooperation, and Member States that favour backup solutions such as capacity markets and strategic reserves. We seek to trace the influence of the European Commission on national capacity markets as well as learning between Member States. Focusing on the United Kingdom, France and Poland, the analysis shows that energy security concerns have been given more emphasis than the functioning of markets by Member States. Policy developments have primarily been domestically driven, but the European Commission has managed to impose certain elements, most importantly a uniform methodology to assess future supply security, as well as specific requirements for national capacity markets: interconnectors to neighbouring countries, demand side responses and continuous revision of CMs. Learning from other Member States’ experiences also play a role in policy decisions.

Impact of the Uncertainty of Distributed Renewable Generation on Deregulated Electricity Supply Chain

Active districts are districts that have a system in place to coordinate distributed energy generation and external grid to meet the local energy demand. They are now widely recognized as a clear opportunity toward distributed renewable integration. Despite apparent benefits of incorporating renewable sources in an active district, uncertainty in renewable generation can impose unprecedented challenges in efficient operation of the existing deregulated electricity supply chain, which is designed to operate with no or little uncertainty in both supply and demand. While most previous studies focused on the impact of renewables on the supply side of the supply chain, we investigate the impact of distributed renewable generation on the demand side. In particular, we study how the uncertainty from distributed renewable generation in an active district affects the average buying cost of utilities and the cost-saving of the active district. Our analysis shows that the renewable uncertainty in an active district can: 1) increase the average buying cost of the utility serving the active district, termed as local impact and 2) somewhat surprisingly, reduce the average buying cost of other utilities participating in the same electricity market, termed as global impact . Moreover, the local impact will lead to an increase in the electricity retail price of active district, resulting in a cost-saving less than the case without renewable uncertainty. These observations reveal an inherent economic incentive for utilities to improve their load forecasting accuracy, in order to avoid economy loss and even extract economic benefit in the electricity market. We verify our theoretical results by extensive experiments using real-world traces. Our experimental results show that a 9% increase in load forecasting error (modeled by the standard deviation of the mismatch between real-time actual demand and day-ahead purchased supply) will increase the average buying cost of the utility by 10%.

The environmental impact of renewables

The environmental impact of renewables

Impact of renewables on electricity markets – Do support schemes matter?

Rising renewable shares influence electricity markets in several ways: among others, average market prices are reduced and price volatility increases. Therefore, the “missing money problem” in energy-only electricity markets is more likely to occur in systems with high renewable shares. Nevertheless, renewables are supported in many countries due to their expected benefits. The kind of support instrument can however influence the degree to which renewables influence the market. While fixed feed-in tariffs lead to higher market impacts, more market-oriented support schemes such as market premiums, quota systems and capacity-based payments decrease the extent to which markets are affected. This paper analyzes the market impacts of different support schemes. For this purpose, a new module is added to an existing bottom-up simulation model of the electricity market. In addition, different degrees of flexibility in the electricity system are considered. A case study for Germany is used to derive policy recommendations regarding the choice of support scheme.

Impact of technology uptake on an Australian electricity distribution network

This paper presents simulation results for future electricity grids using an agent-based model developed with MODAM (MODular Agent-based Model). MODAM is introduced and its use demonstrated through four simulations based on a scenario that expects a rise of on-site renewable generators and electric vehicles (EV) usage. The simulations were run over many years, for two areas in Townsville, Australia, capturing variability in space of the technology uptake, and for two charging methods for EV, capturing people's behaviours and their impact on the time of the peak load. Impact analyses of these technologies were performed over the areas, down to the distribution transformer level, where greater variability of their contribution to the assets peak load was observed. The MODAM models can be used for different purposes such as impact of renewables on grid sizing, or on greenhouse gas emissions. The insights gained from using MODAM for technology assessment are discussed.

Impact of renewables positive & negative effects on the environment [In My View

Working on the “SPECIAL Report on Renewable Energy of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),” we were invited by IEEE Power and Energy Magazine to express our views on the impact of renewables on the environment.

Renewables in ventilation and indoor air quality

Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality is one of the key services a building provides to its occupants. Indoor air quality depends on a complicated interaction between pollutant sources in the building and key removal mechanisms such as ventilation. Renewable energy issues enter this picture through two important mechanisms: affecting pollutant sources, and providing ventilation. This overview paper is organized to address these two parts separately. Many of the renewable technologies being considered to reduce the energy demand of buildings have the potential to affect the introduction of additional pollutant sources into the building, but also have the potential to reduce them when compared to many conventional designs. This additional introduction of pollutants could either endanger the indoor environment or create a sufficient parasitic energy demand to counteract any benefit of the technology. Ventilation can often be provided directly using renewable technologies, either passively or actively, but additional ventilation, even when provided passively, can increase the thermal load of the building. This report reviews the subject of indoor air quality with particular emphasis on the role and impact of renewables.

Impact of Renewables on China's Energy Supplies: ABSTRACT

The People's Republic of China has abundant conventional as well as renewable energy resources. During the 33 years since liberation, the energy production has increased some 25 times and the country is now self-sufficient for all the 800 million tce (ton coal equivalent) energy demands, including the biomass consumed as fuel in the vast rural region. However, due to the enormous population, the energy consumption per capita is rather low, around some 0.8 tce/capita including the noncommercial energy sources. The PRC is now making great efforts to increase the energy supplies to meet the tremendous energy demands in the course of Four Modernizations. The renewables constitute a considerable portion of China's energy supply. The potential hydraulic resources amount to 680 Gw, of which about 430 Gw is exploitable. Mini-hydro stations constitute the main supply for the electrification in rural regions. Agriculture waste provides about 33% of the rural energy supply, 28% comes from firewood, and 10% from coal from local small mines. Due to the shortage of domestic fuel in some regions, excessive burning of agriculture wastes and deforestation results, threatening the future of agriculture production. Therefore, policies are being adopted to develop biogas as well as other renewables in order to improve the ecological equilibrium in rural regions. End_of_Article - Last_Page 987------------