Impact Of Rainwater Harvesting Research Articles

Impact of Rainwater Harve sting and Seasonal Floods' Bonds Technique on Groundwater Wells Development Maytam Valley, Ibb Governorate

يهدف البحث إلى استخلاص كل من: أبرز المدلولات والمؤشرات الهيدرولوجية لآبار المياه الجوفية، التي تؤكد أهمية التغذية الاصطناعية عبر تقنية الكرفانات المائية في وادي ميتم رقم (2 & 1)، فضلًا عن استخلاص أهم مؤشرات التغذية الاصطناعية، وتم تقسيم البحث إلى: تباين أعماق آبار المياه الجوفية، خصائص الكرفانات المائية، قياسات التغذية الاصطناعية، تحليل الخصائص الهيدرولوجية لآبار المياه الجوفية، وأخيرًا أهم الإشكاليات التي تُعاني منها مشاريع التغذية الاصطناعية، مستعملًا المنهج الوصفي، والمنهج التحليلي، وبالاستفادة من التقنية الحديثة لبرنامج (Surfer 16.6)؛ إذ تم التوصل إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: انخفاض منسوب المياه المتحرك في الآبار قبل إنشاء مشاريع التغذية الاصطناعية خلال العامين (2019م، 2020م)؛ إذ تراوح المتوسط السنوي المنخفض لمنسوب المياه ما بين (200-100) مترًا، (136-82) مترًا على التوالي، وبعد إنشاء مشاريع التغذية ارتفع المتوسط السنوي لمنسوب المياه إلى (58-34) مترًا عام 2021م، وإلى (52-34) مترًا عام 2022م؛ وهو ما يشير إلى حدوث تحسن كبير في قيم مناسيب المياه بعد إنشاء مشاريع التغذية الاصطناعية.

Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on Hydrological Processes in a Fragile Watershed of South Asia.

Agricultural water management (AWM) interventions play an important role in ensuring sustainable food production and mitigating climate risks. This study was carried out in a watershed located in a low rainfall (400-600 mm) region of western India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated using surface runoff, soil loss, and reservoir storage levels, between the year 2000 and 2006. The investigation indicated that the various AWM interventions increased groundwater recharge from 30 mm/year to 80 mm/year and reduced surface runoff from 250 mm/year to 100 mm/year. The intervention structures were refilled two to three times during the monsoon season depending on rainfall intensity and duration. The interventions have the advantage of building a resilient system by enhancing groundwater availability even in dry years, stimulating crop intensification and protecting the landscape from severe erosion. The results indicate that soil erosion has been reduced by more than 75% compared to the nonintervention situation. Moreover, the AWM interventions led to the cultivation of 100-150 ha of fallow land with high-value crops (horticulture, vegetables, and fodder). Household income increased by several folds compared to the nonintervention situation. The study showed about 50% reduction in downstream water availability, which could be a major concern. However, there are a number of ecosystem trade-offs such as improved base flow to the stream and reduction in soil loss that should be considered. The study is of great importance to stakeholders to decide on the optimal design for AWM interventions to achieve sustainable development goals.

Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on the Drainage System: Case Study of a Condominium of Houses in Curitiba, Southern Brazil

The objective of this work is to assess the impact of rainwater use in single-family houses on drinking water consumption and on the urban drainage system by means of a case study of a condominium of houses in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil. A quantitative evaluation of the rainwater volume used and spilled in the recovery system was carried out using two methods for sizing the rainwater tank capacity. Using daily rainfall data and three demand scenarios of water consumption, it was possible to verify the efficiency and reliability of the adopted systems. Furthermore, in order to verify the impact on drainage, the greatest rainfall in the series was assessed and then it was possible to measure it by comparing the hydrograph peak flows with and without the rainwater harvesting systems in the watershed outfall, corresponding to the storage tanks (concrete boxes) in the condominium. It was concluded that there was a decrease in the peak flow of 4.9% and 4.4%, respectively, in the two storage tanks evaluated when the rainwater tank capacities were estimated using the method based on the German Practical Method.

Land cover properties and rain water harvesting in urban environments

Water harvesting is an ancient practice that has been used, mainly in dry environments, to increase efficiency of water collection and use by directing water from a large natural watershed or man-made collection surface into a small basin where the water can be stored in underground reservoirs or to be used directly for irrigation or domestic uses. In modern era water harvesting has been neglected, particularly at the developed countries, due to the technological achievements in the fields of water production and transport. Nevertheless, over recent years, water harvesting in modern-urban environments becomes a necessary practice. The urban regions are being paved and built, resulting in reduction of groundwater recharge area. Consequently, large amount of good quality water that rains over the cities is withdrawn from recharge as it is directed into the municipal drainage system. Moreover, in extreme rain events the drainage systems may be over-flooded which may lead to ecologic and economic hazards. This work reviews the history of rain water harvesting and discusses the impact of rain water harvesting in modern-urban environments on the hydrological system. Two types of rain water harvesting methods are being discussed and compared: storing of the harvested water in reservoirs and direct infiltration of the harvested water into the aquifer. Quantitative examples from Tel-Aviv, Israel are given and indicate that rain water harvesting may play an important role in the local and regional hydrological cycle and that direct infiltration of the harvested water into the aquifer is preferable for heavily populated cities.

Rainwater Harvesting an Instrument to Improve Ground Water Quality and Quantitative Potential: The Case Study of Dwarka Sub-City, Delhi

Dwarka scheme part of the Urban Extension of MPD-2001 of National Capital Territory of Delhi, has been planned to cater to the ever increasing housing requirements of Metropolitan Delhi. Dwarka Sub-City with a total geographical area of 5648 Ha is located in South-Western part of Delhi. The area is envisaged to become a model Sub-city of the 21st century and to house 13 lakhs people. The area is developing fast with more than 400 Group Housing Societies & 11000 DDA Residential Freehold Flats (in Four and Multistory Buildings), 3100 Residential Plots, housing colonies apart from commercial complexes, District centers, public places etc. The area with present population of 5 lakhs roughly is in severe grip of shortage of the supplied water, as it receives only Rs 2.8 MGD from the concerned water supply agency, against the requirement of 10 MGD. In view of this the balance water demand of its residents for domestic & non-domestic uses is mostly met from the Ground Water. The rampant extraction of Ground Water by Government & private authorities, has led to the depletion of fresh water layer and decline in the water table at very fast pace in last few years, raising questions about its future availability. This paper focuses on the methodology of Ground Water Restoration by way of recharging it with the rainwater, which otherwise goes water and leads to flooding / public havoc. The feasibility & need for implementation of Ground water Recharge Scheme in the area was established through the detailed study & analysis of the factors governing the Ground Water Discharge & Recharge in the area: such a Ground water Level behaviour, Ground water Quality, Rainwater quality, Rainfall Intensity & its distribution, Ground Water & Rainwater Potential, Aquifer Geometry & Characteristics and Ground Water requirement of the area. The Depth to Water level measured at different locations in the area was utilized to study the annual & Pre-Post Monsoon water level fluctuations. Thereafter the impact of Rainwater Harvesting on the Ground Water Quantitative Potential was established based on the mathematical calculations. The study established that the ground water restoration through artificial recharge technique would to some extent help in mitigating water crises in

Physico-chemical and Microbiological Studies for the Underground Water of East Dwarka Subcity of Delhi and the Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on its Quality

Earlier work has suggested that with the increase in the consumption of water due to the growing population of Delhi, there is a continuous decrease in the water level in the parts of Delhi. Due to this decline water is getting saline which is making it harmful for vegetation; also its taste is being affected. To overcome such problems rainwater harvesting systems have been established. Rainwater harvesting dilutes the dissolved salts in ground water. In the present study water samples, from various societies of Dwarka subcity of New Delhi have been collected where rainwater harvesting systems are installed. The impact of rainwater harvesting on the quality of ground water has been studied by collecting water samples from these selected sites in the months before after and during the rain. The present study revealed that the rainwater harvesting suitably affected the quality of ground water.

Effect of Rainwater Harvesting on the Amounts of Some Heavy Metals, in the Ground Water of East Dwarka Subcity of Delhi

In the present study water samples, from various societies of East Zone of Dwarka subcity of New Delhi have been collected where rainwater-harvesting systems are installed. The impact of rainwater harvesting on the amounts of heavy metals in ground water has been studied by collecting water samples from these selected sites in the months before and after the rain. In study the difference between the values of some of the heavy metals in ground water, collected before and after rain, has been found. The present study reveals that the rainwater harvesting suitably reduced the amounts of heavy metals in under ground water and has improved the quality of ground water.