Impact Of Pruning Research Articles

Incorporating pruning into the carbon footprint of tree production based on terrestrial laser scanning

Pruning is a major source of carbon emissions from urban trees. The high cost of evaluating pruning quantities by destructive measurements has limited the research on pruning. By combining terrestrial laser scanning and quantitative structure models, pruning quantities can be assessed non-destructively. This study focuses on the impact of pruning during tree production, as it is intense and has been rarely evaluated. Using Sophora japonica from a nursery in Beijing as an example, point cloud data were collected from 181 uneven-aged Sophora japonica for the simulation of pruning at a single tree level. All pruning stages were incorporated into the assessment of the carbon footprint of Sophora japonica production for 15-year-old trees. The results show that previous studies have underestimated the tree carbon footprints of pruning, leading to a severe underestimation of the carbon footprint of tree production. Crown reduction removes the most above-ground woody biomass during tree production, over half, while the decomposition of pruning waste is the most significant source of carbon emissions. The removal ratio from pruning of individual trees is consistent within the same pruning pattern. The tree volume can serve as a good predictor for estimating pruning quantities, but crown diameter sometimes needs to be considered. Implementing pruning interventions, harvesting in advance, and choosing appropriate methods for pruning waste disposal can reduce carbon emissions from pruning.

Impact of Pruning, Foliar Spraying with Gibberellic Acid, and Chelated Iron in Leaves Nutrients Content of Fig Trees Cv. Black Diyala

The research was conducted on fig trees, black diyala cultivar, at the age of (13) years, planted in one of the orchards affiliated with the General Directorate of Vocational Education / Vocational Section in Diwaniyah Mixed Agricultural Preparatory School / Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the season 2022. 81 black fig trees were selected, homogeneous in size, height, and growing strength as much as possible. They are planted on dimensions (4 x 4) meters. to study the effect of pruning (0, 25, and 50%) and spraying with gibberellic acid (0, 30, and 60 mg.L−1) and chelated iron (0, 1, and 2 g.L−1) in the nutrient content of leaves of fig trees, Black Diyala cultivar. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the levels of pruning and the concentrations of spraying gibberellic acid and chelated iron on the trees were positive in increasing the leaf content of the nutrients under study compared to the comparison treatment, whether it was single or combined. The treatments P2, G2 and F2 were characterized by giving them the best results, as they recorded 2.57, 2.35 and 2.26% for nitrogen, 0.244, 0.199 and 0.183% for phosphorus, 1.83, 1.66 and 1.60% for potassium, 1.007, 0.925 and 0.890% for calcium, 472.80, 391.00, and 359.95 mg.kg−1 dry matter, respectively.

Impact of pruning and training systems on the growth and productivity of pomegranate trees

Impact of pruning and training systems on the growth and productivity of pomegranate trees

The impact of pruning and mortality on urban tree canopy volume

Urban trees provide a wide range of ecosystem services for city residents, with tall, mature trees with wide crowns generally regarded as preferable. The tree biomass which is responsible for shading, pollution removal, rain runoff retention etc. gets periodically reduced by the municipal tree management practice of pruning. This is a necessary activity, which reduces the risk of infrastructure damage and falling branches, but many estimates of ecosystem service provision in cities do not consider its impact explicitly. Tree mortality is also higher in cities, preventing trees from attaining and remaining at large sizes. This study used extensive field measurements of tree structure to estimate the impact of pruning on 8 tree species in two Italian cities: Taranto and Florence. Crown widths were reduced by 1.6 m on average, however there is large variation between species variation with branches more often being removed for thinning crowns resulting in larger gap fractions, which increased by 15% on average. No significant differences were observed for crown widths or gap fraction between trees pruned 3 and 4 years previously, suggesting that tree crowns structurally recover from pruning after 3 years. A deterministic model revealed that current urban forest pruning rates (every 6 years) and mortality (1%) may create a situation in which a city dominated by the species studied benefits from 93.5% of the maximum ecosystem services possible. This work will allow more nuanced estimates of urban forest services to be calculated.

Diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) and the impact of pruning in Indian sandalwood plantations from Karnataka, India

Indian sandalwood Santalum album L. plantations in Karnataka were surveyed to study the diversity and abundance of spider fauna. A total of 1,244 individuals belonging to 56 spider species in 40 genera under 14 families were recorded in the sandalwood plantations. Among the spider families recorded, Araneidae was the most dominant with 15 species in nine genera followed by Salticidae with 13 species in 10 genera, Thomisidae with seven species in four genera, Oxyopidae with four species in three genera, Uloboridae with four species in a genus, and Theridiidae by three species each under three genera. Lycosidae and Sparassidae are represented by two species under two genera each. The families Cheiracanthiidae, Clubionidae, Hersiliidae, Philodromidae, and Pholcidae are represented by a species each. The pruning of sandalwood revealed a significant negative effect on the occurrence and distribution of spiders.

Impact of Pruning and Agronomical Management on Wood Production and Yield of Paddy under Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Based Agroforestry System

Impact of Pruning and Agronomical Management on Wood Production and Yield of Paddy under Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Based Agroforestry System

Statistical Design and Considerations of a Phase 3 Basket Trial for Simultaneous Investigation of Multiple Tumor Types in One Study

ASBTRACTThe discovery of numerous molecular subtypes of common cancers leads to the investigation of biomarkers potentially predictive of treatment effect of an experimental treatment in multiple histologies. However, the prevalence of a putative predictive biomarker within a histology is often low, which makes it challenging to enroll adequate number of patients in a conventional histology-based confirmatory trial. An alternative approach is to study patients with a common biomarker signature in a “basket” trial across multiple histologies. This study design has previously been used to explore experimental therapies with potentially transformative effects. We present a general design concept of a Phase 3 basket trial broadly applicable to any effective therapy. The trial is designed with scientific and statistical rigor to enable the approval of an experimental treatment in multiple tumor indications based on the outcome from a single study. Given the difficulty in indication selection, the basic idea is to prune the inactive indications at an interim analysis and pool the active indications in the final analysis. A critical statistical issue of the basket design is Type I error control for the pooled analysis after pruning. While pruning may be seen as cherry-picking which tends to inflate the Type I error, it also shares similarity with a binding futility analysis which tends to deflate the Type I error if all indications are pruned. The net impact of pruning is complicated. The use of different endpoints for pruning and pooling further complicates the issue. This paper will provide statistical details on Type I error control for the general basket design concept under three sample size adjustment strategies after pruning. Power and sample size calculations are also provided. Comparisons are made to a straightforward design without pruning. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

EFFECT OF SEED ORIGIN, FERTILIZATION AND PRUNING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT SUGAR CONTENT OF GOLDENBERRY (PHYSALIS PERUVIANA L.)

Goldenberries (Physalis peruviana L.) originated from Andean regions are grown for their delicious and health promoting fruit. The cultivation is possible in temperate climates with respect to restrictions as frost intolerance and perennial growth character. To improve goldenberry cultivation concerning summer greenhouse conditions in Germany an experiment with goldenberry plants grown under sheltered conditions (foliar greenhouse, day/night 18/18°C, aeration 27°C) in grow-bags with fertigation was carried and implemented within six months (28 May until 22 October 2010). Two different seed origins and two nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments were tested. To figure out the impact of pruning, half of the plants were pruned, in the way of cutting off two from the originally four first primary apical side shoots. Dry matter (DM), shoot elongation, and nitrogen concentration of vegetative plant parts were determined. Measurements of fresh and dry matter, nitrogen concentration, and total sugar content as well as saccharose, glucose, and fructose concentration in DM of reproductive plant parts (fruit) were made. N fertilizer treatment resulted in significant different DM of leaf, shoot, and root samples. Results of plant nitrogen concentrations in leaf samples showed a significantly higher N concentration if supplied with higher N fertilization. Yield and fruit quality parameters such as sugar concentration did not alter because of N level. Mean yield was 6.8 t/ha. Enzymatic optically analyzed concentration of saccharose was 25.9%, of glucose 12.8%, and of fructose 12.3% in DM. Pruning of first primary apical side shoots had a significant impact on total plant biomass and to some extent on fruit yield. In conclusion, for temperate climate regions cultivation of goldenberries is worthwhile with rather low fertilization in a grow bag system and under sheltered conditions.

Impact of pruning and plucking on induction of axillary buds in tea

Impact of pruning and plucking on induction of axillary buds in tea

The impact of pruning and time from pruning on quality and aroma constituents of black tea

The precursors responsible for tea quality, such as polyphenols, were found to increase in the first year and thereafter declined in content with time from pruning. While the green pigment content and ash content increased, the lipoxygenase activity showed substantial and progressive decline with time from pruning. The content of carotenoids were found to increase in the first 3 years after pruning and then showed a decline. A quantitative assessment of the various biochemical and quality parameters, such as theaflavin content (TF), total liquor colour (TLC), and water extract, showed progressive increase with time from pruning. The polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a marked decrease in their contents with decrease in the total fatty acids and various lipid fractions with time from pruning. However, C (18: 0) showed an increasing trend. While the sum of VFC Group II showed an enhancement, that of Group I showed a decline with time from pruning. As a result, the flavour index value was found to increase with time from pruning. The sensory evaluation supported the trends observed in the analytical data.