Impact Of Partitioning Research Articles

Economic Decline of Indian State of West Bengal During Post-Colonial Period: Impact of Partition

Economic Decline of Indian State of West Bengal During Post-Colonial Period: Impact of Partition

Impact of Partitioning in Short-Term Food Contact Applications Focused on Polymers in Support of Migration Modelling and Exposure Risk Assessment.

Food contact materials (FCMs) can transfer chemicals arising from their manufacture to food before consumption. Regulatory frameworks ensure consumer safety by prescribing methods for the assessment of FCMs that rely on migration testing either into real-life foods or food simulants. Standard migration testing conditions for single-use FCMs are justifiably conservative, employing recognized worst-case contact times and temperatures. For repeated-use FCMs, the third of three consecutive tests using worst-case conditions is taken as a surrogate of the much shorter contact period that often occurs over the service life of these items. Food contact regulations allow for the use of migration modelling for the chemicals in the FCM and for the partitioning that occurs between the FCM and food/simulant during prolonged contact, under which steady-state conditions are favored. This study demonstrates that the steady-state is rarely reached under repeated-use conditions and that partitioning plays a minor role that results in migration essentially being diffusion controlled. Domains of use have been identified within which partitioning does not play a significant role, allowing modelling based upon diffusion parameters to be used. These findings have the potential to advance the modelling of migration from repeated-use articles for the benefit of regulatory guidance and compliance practices.

Cormac Moore, Birth of the Border : The Impact of Partition in Ireland

En cette annee 2020 qui marque le centenaire du Government of Ireland Act, annee faisant elle-meme partie de la grande decennie des commemorations (commemorations de 1914, 1916, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922…), il etait tout a fait naturel que des ouvrages sur la partition de l’Irlande soient proposes par les maisons d’edition irlandaises. Si l’on ajoute a cela le contexte tres particulier qu’est celui du Brexit et de l’imbroglio constitutionnel et socio-economique qu’il cree autour de la frontiere ...

Politics of Water Resource Management in the Indus River Basin: A Study of the Partition of Punjab

The British Government of India divided the Muslim majority province of Punjab into Eastern and Western Punjab. But the partition line was drawn in a manner that headworks remained in India and irrigated land in Pakistan. The partition of Punjab was not scheduled in the original plan of the division of India. Why was it partitioned? To answer this question, the study in the first instance tries to explore circumstances, reasons, and conspiracies which led to the partition of Punjab which led to the division of the canal irrigation system and secondly, the impact of partition on water resource management in the Indus River Basin. Descriptive, historical, and analytical methods of research have been used to draw a conclusion. The study highlights the mindset of Indian National Congress to cripple down the newly emerging state of Pakistan that became a root cause of the partition of Punjab. The paper also highlights why India stopped water flowing into Pakistan on 1st April 1948 and the analysis also covers details about the agreement of 4th May 1948 and its consequences for Pakistan.

Division of Myocardial Enzyme Reference Intervals in Population Aged 1 to

Background Reference interval (RI) research is to make it a concise, effective, and practical diagnostic tool. This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific RI for myocardial enzyme activity in population aged 1–<18 years old in Changchun, China. Methods Healthy subjects (n = 6,322, 1–<18 years old) were recruited from communities and schools. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Fisher's optimal segmentation method was used to partition by including percentiles as impact factors, aiming at minimizing the sum of the squares of the total dispersion into groups as splitting sequence of ordered data. Results AST decreased gradually and was partitioned as 1, 2∼<10 and 10∼<18 years old. LDH presented disparate descending rate among 1∼<4, 4∼<12, and 12∼<18 years old. CK stood quite stable with the same RI in all ages. CKMB began to differ at 6 years of age sexually and then remained stable during 6∼<14 years old for male while it continued to decline in female. Cardiac development was partitioned as 1∼<6, 6∼<13, and 13∼<18 years old using multiple percentiles from massive data that reflect characteristics of totality as impact factors. Conclusions Fisher's optimal segmentation method excelled for multidimensionality, continuity, and loop calculating as dealing with RIs for myocardial enzymes activity and cardiac development process despite limitations. In future, impact of partition on the overall interval should be delved into.

Law journals and Irish history, 1922–1939

This article assesses the value of law journals as historical sources for the period in Irish history between 1922 and 1939 that do not always receive the attention that they deserve from historians and political scientists. The article examines the utility of Irish law journals, and a number of important non-Irish law journals, as sources of analysis for the difficult relationship between the Irish Free State and Dominion status, the gradual dismantling of the 1921 Anglo Irish Treaty settlement and the impact of partition on the Irish Free State and on Northern Ireland. The perspective of law journals on these related developments is of particular interest because these journals, in contrast to contemporary newspapers, often spanned the traditional nationalist/unionist divide in Irish politics. Yet, law journals were not passive observers of this process and were themselves profoundly affected by historical developments in this period.

Ladakh and the Partition of India: How Ladakh (Re) Shaped after Partition

The paper tries to explore the convoluted socio-cultural history of Ladakh in the aftermath of the Partition of India. There has been less debate and discussion in academia about the impact of Partition on the Ladakh region. Many discourses consider Ladakh as a ‘mystic ’and ‘isolated ’place which had not been much influenced by the Partition of India. However, this has not been the case. The paper tries to locate the impact of Partition on the Ladakh province that has resulted in the fragmentation of Ladakhi society on communal basis leading to the (false) consciousness among the people, belonging to the two communities, i.e., Buddhists and Muslims. Ladakhi society before the Partition of India was a testimony to a heterogeneous milieu where the different communities, especially the majority of Buddhists and Muslims, lived in peace and harmony. This paper demonstrates the acuteness of antagonisms between the two communities that emerged specifically after the Partition of India and its causal tendencies on the contemporary Ladakhi society and its polarization due to political and social pressures. The paper studies some of the travelogues on Ladakh by different travellers to unravel the politics of Partition; primarily the communal influences on the Ladakhi society that has resulted in cultural conflicts and regional rivalries.

Impact of partitioning and oxidative processing of PAH in fogs and clouds on atmospheric lifetimes of PAH

The importance of the atmospheric aqueous phase of fogs and clouds, for the processing and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is not well known. A multiphase model was developed to determine the fate and lifetime of PAHs in fogs and clouds for a limited set of daytime conditions. The model describes partitioning between three phases (aqueous, liquid organic, and gas), experimental and estimated (photo)oxidation rates. Using a limited set of microphysical and chemical input conditions, the loss rates of PAHs in the complex three-phase system are explored.At 25 °C, PAHs with two, three and four rings are predicted to be primarily in the gas phase (fraction in the gas phase xg > 90%) while five- and six-ring PAHs partition significantly into droplets with aqueous phase fractions of 1–6% and liquid organic phase fractions of 31–91%, respectively. The predicted atmospheric chemical lifetimes of PAHs in the presence of fog or cloud droplets (<8 h) are significantly shorter than literature predictions of PAH lifetimes due to wet and dry deposition (1–14 days and 5–15 months, respectively) and shorter than or equal to predicted lifetimes due to chemical reactions in the gas and organic particulate phases (1–300 h). Even though PAH solubilities are ≤4 × 10−2 g L−1, the results of the current study show that often the condensed phase of fog and cloud droplets cannot be neglected as a PAH sink.

Partition of India and the Scheduled Castes of Bengal

Studies on partition of India in 1947 and its ln;products like migration of refugees and their rehabilitation, post-independent nation building processes in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and other issues related to the partition are increasing day by day. Historiography of partition of India is thus now a very big matter of historical studies for the students, scholars and teachers of modem histon; of the Indian subcontinent. Partition of India in the East i.e. Bengal; has thus drawn wide attention of the scholars. We can broadly categorize the partition related historical works into Jew groups such as ‐(i)studies on political aspects of partition including provincial politics and communalism, (ii) historiography of forced migrations and refugee rehabilitations, (iii) studies on violence and gender related issues, (iv) partition memories ,etc. In these studies the marginal social groups like the Scheduled Castes, however, have been sadly neglected. Although in the recent years some scholars have paid little attention to the plights of the Scheduled Caste refugees but many aspects of impact of partition on the Scheduled Castes are yet to be properly reconstructed. In this paper an attempt has been made to review the historical studies on the partition of India especially on the partition of Bengal in 1947; Here I have also highlighted the location of the East Bengali Scheduled Caste refugees in the historiography of partition of Bengal.

Impact of partitioning and transmutation on the high level waste management

Nuclear energy generates 30% of the electricity in the EU. Still, different countries of EU27 have very different attitudes towards the future use of nuclear energy for electricity generation or other uses. However, independently of the political decision of continuation or phase out of the nuclear energy, all countries using nuclear energy to generate electricity are facing the question of the final management of its spent nuclear fuel and other high level radioactive wastes. Partition and Transmutation are emerging technologies that when integrated in advanced fuel cycles can strongly influence on the final wastes from the nuclear industry and its management. A review of the progress on the understanding of their real potentialities and main conclusions from a large number of international studies are presented in this paper. In particular, the conclusions from the main NEA working groups and the EURATOM RED-IMPACT project are jointly discussed. In this paper the emphasis is put on the effects of Partitioning and Transmutation on the inventory reduction, the heat source reduction and its implications to the repository capacity and on the performance assessment of the final repository.

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on High-Level Waste Disposal for the Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Cycle

The impact of partitioning and/or transmutation (PT) technology on high-level waste management was investigated for the equilibrium state of several potential fast breeder reactor (FBR) fuel cycles. Three different fuel cycle scenarios involving PT technology were analyzed: 1) partitioning process only (separation of some fission products), 2) transmutation process only (separation and transmutation of minor actinides), and 3) both partitioning and transmutation processes. The conventional light water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle without PT technology, on which the current repository design is based, was also included for comparison. We focused on the thermal constraints in a geological repository and determined the necessary predisposal storage quantities and time periods (by defining a storage capacity index) for several predefined emplacement configurations through transient thermal analysis. The relation between this storage capacity index and the required repository emplacement area was obtained. We found that the introduction of the FBR fuel cycle without PT can yield a 35% smaller repository per unit electricity generation than the LWR fuel cycle, although the predisposal storage period is prolonged from 50 years for the LWR fuel cycle to 65 years for the FBR fuel cycle without PT. The introduction of the partitioning-only process does not result in a significant reduction of the repository emplacement area from that for the FBR fuel cycle without PT, but the introduction of the transmutation-only process can reduce the emplacement area by a factor of 5 when the storage period is extended from 65 to 95 years. When a coupled partitioning and transmutation system is introduced, the repository emplacement area can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude by assuming a predisposal storage of 60 years for glass waste and 295 years for calcined waste containing the Sr and Cs fraction. The storage period of 295 years for the calcined waste does not require a large storage capacity because the number of waste packages produced is significantly reduced by a factor of 5 from that of the glass waste package in the FBR fuel cycle without PT.

Partition and its aftermath: Poetry and history in Northern Ireland

This essay examines the impact of partition on poetry with specific reference to the partition of Ireland. It analyzes poetic representations of and reactions to “the Irish Troubles” and the creation of Northern Ireland in the context of narratives of divisive nationhood that include, among other partitions, the creation of Israel in the Middle East, and Pakistan in South Asia. Through an analysis of selected texts ranging from those by W.B. Yeats to Paul Muldoon and Ciaran Carson, the essay argues that the prolonged cultural trauma created by partition impels poetry towards a dual function that can be characterized as partly agonistic and partly ameliorative. This is complicated in the case of poets from Northern Ireland by their sense of alienation from their divided society, culture, community, and nation.

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on High-Level Waste Disposal for the Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Cycle

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on High-Level Waste Disposal for the Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Cycle

The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947

We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931–41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater between 1941 and 1951 than would have been predicted by loss rates between 1931 and 1941. We estimate a net Partition-related population movement out of the combined Punjab of about 400,000. We conclude from several lines of analysis that Partition-related population losses in the Punjab, either from deaths or unrecorded migration, were in the range 2.3–3.2 million. Partition was also marked by a dramatic religious homogenization at the district level.

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on LWR High-Level Waste Disposal

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on LWR High-Level Waste Disposal

Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on LWR High-Level Waste Disposal

Partitioning and/or transmutation (PT) technology affects the disposal concept of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). We studied how cooling in the predisposal storage period may affect the design of the emplacement area in a repository for radioactive wastes produced by a light-water-reactor nuclear system that uses PT technology. Three different fuel cycle scenarios involving PT technology were analyzed: 1) partitioning process only (separation of some fission products), 2) transmutation process only (separation and transmutation of minor actinides), and 3) both partitioning and transmutation. The necessary predisposal storage periods for some predefined emplacement configurations were determined through transient thermal analysis, and the relation between the storage period and the emplacement area was obtained. For each scenario, we also estimated the storage capacity required for the dry storage of the heat-generating waste forms. The contributions of PT technology on the storage and disposal were discussed holistically, and we noted that the coupled introduction of partitioning and transmutation processes can bring an appreciable reduction in waste management size.

Religion and conflict in India: A Sikh perspective

The author was caught up in the violence against Sikhs following Mrs Gandhi's assassination in 1984. She places this in historical and religious context, describing the desire for an independent Sikh state, the impact of partition, the role of Sikhs in independent India from 1947 to the present, the appointment of the first Sikh prime minister, the rise and decline of Sikh fundamentalism and militancy, the continuing debates over Sikh identity and the ‘true spirit of Sikhism’.

A Quantitative Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Flexible Partitions

Each person in Hong Kong produces three times more waste than that of Singapore. This is because a large portion of the waste in Hong Kong is from the construction sector. Re-decoration work carried out by dwellers in Hong Kong is one of the major sources of the construction and demolition waste. Development of flexible reusable infill systems with high recycling potential is significant. A number of these systems are currently used, mainly in public and commercial buildings. They may have potential to be applied in residential buildings in the future. This paper starts with an introduction to the infill systems applied in open building history. It then points out the need to investigate the development of infill processes by integrating infill products available in the market. The paper further introduces current open building studies on reusability of infill systems and addresses the problem that there is a lack of quantitative information on embodied energy and other environmental impacts of infill systems. In the methodology section the paper describes five types of partition walls selected, ranging from low flexibility to high flexibility. Applying an evaluation model for environmental impact, the paper analyzes embodied energy intensity, and environmental impacts of each partition systems in two simulated situations. One is in a two room unit of a public housing prototype and the other is in private apartment. It concludes that partition walls with higher flexibility are highly intensive in their embodied energy. In other environmental impacts, especially recycling potential, flexible partition wall panels exceed that of conventional block-work partitions. The study will enable more complete information to be obtained concerning the environmental impact of infill components and will assist architects and other building professional wisely apply open building design concepts.