Impact Of Partial Sleep Deprivation Research Articles

Changes in brain arousal (EEG-vigilance) after therapeutic sleep deprivation in depressive patients and healthy controls

Depressed patients frequently exhibit a hyperstable brain arousal regulation. According to the arousal regulation model of affective disorders, the antidepressant effect of therapeutic sleep deprivation could be achieved by counter-acting this dysregulation. We investigated the impact of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on EEG-vigilance (an indicator of brain arousal regulation) in depressed patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 16). PSD was hypothesized to cause a more prominent destabilisation of brain arousal regulation in depressed patients (reflected by increased occurrence of lower EEG-vigilance stages). Furthermore, it was studied whether responders (n = 17) exhibit a more stable baseline brain arousal regulation and would show a more prominent arousal destabilisation after PSD than non-responders (n = 10). Before PSD, patients showed a more stable EEG-vigilance with less declines to lower vigilance stages compared to controls. Contrary to the hypothesis, a greater destabilisation of brain arousal after PSD was seen in controls. Within the patient sample, responders generally showed a less stable EEG-vigilance, especially after PSD when we found significant differences compared to non-responders. EEG-vigilance in non-responders showed only little change from baseline to after PSD. In summary, PSD had a destabilizing impact on brain arousal regulation in healthy controls whereas depressed patients reacted heterogeneously depending on the outcome of treatment.

Impact of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Psychological Functioning: Effects on Mindfulness and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction

Extending previous research on the psychological costs of sleep deprivation, the present study examined the impact of insufficient sleep on the capacity to be mindful as well as on the satisfaction of individuals’ basic psychological needs, two psychological sources of mental health. The interrelationship between these two psychological resources and fatigue following sleep deprivation was also examined. Participants were 49 adults (77% female; Mage = 32.81 years, SD = 13.09 years) who were randomly assigned to either an experimental (N = 23) or a control (N = 26) group. The study had a 4-day within-person design. In the experimental group, a baseline assessment day was followed by 3 days of partial sleep deprivation (i.e., 5-h sleep per night), whereas participants in the control group slept as usual across the 4-day period. Participants rated their fatigue and psychological functioning each evening and wore an actigraph watch which monitored their sleep. Participants reported increased fatigue after 1 day of sleep deprivation, whereas it took 3 days of sleep deprivation before their mindfulness and need satisfaction deteriorated. Mediational analyses indicated that decreased need satisfaction after 3 days of sleep deprivation was completely accounted for (i.e., explained) by increased fatigue and subsequent decreases in mindfulness. These findings build on previous research by showing that mindfulness and need-based experiences not only precede but also follow from sleep at night.

Time to talk about work-hour impact on anesthesiologists: The effects of sleep deprivation on Profile of Mood States and cognitive tasks.

A physician's fatigue raises significant concerns regarding personal and patient safety. Effects of sleep deprivation on clinical performance and the quality of patient care are major considerations of today's health care environment. To evaluate the impact of partial sleep deprivation after a 17-h overnight call (3 pm-7 am) on the mood status and cognitive skills of anesthesiologists in an academic clinical hospital setting, as compared to these parameters during regular working hours. Taking circadian rhythm into account, the following measures were assessed in 21 pediatric anesthesiologists at two time points over the course of the study; (i) between 7 and 8 am on a regular non call day, and (ii) between 7 and 8 am after a 17-h in-house call (3 pm-7 am). Six mood states were assessed using the Profile of Mood States. A Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score was obtained as the sum of all mood scores minus vigor. The total score provides a global estimate of affective state. Simple cognitive tests were similarly administered to assess cognitive skills. A two-tailed paired t-test was used to compare data between regular and post call days. A P < 0.05 was used. The study cohort included 21 pediatric anesthesiologists at a tertiary care children's hospital. Tension, anger, fatigue, confusion, TMD, irritability, feeling jittery, and sleepiness were significantly affected (P < 0.05). A decrease in vigor, energy, and confidence was observed after a night call shift (P < 0.05). There was also a decrease in being "talkative" after the call shift (P < 0.05). Partial sleep deprivation affects the total mood status of anesthesiologists and impacts their cognitive skills. These findings are particularly relevant in a context of increased work expectation, particularly on clinical performance in our modern medical system. Such observations suggest that there may be changes that impact the safety of our patients and the quality of health care that is provided.

Impact of partial sleep deprivation on immune markers

BackgroundSleep quality is considered to be an important predictor of immunity. Lack of sleep therefore may reduce immunity, thereby increasing the susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. A previous study showed that reduced sleep duration was associated with an increased likelihood of the common cold. It is important to understand the role of sleep in altering immune responses to understand how sleep deprivation leads to an increased susceptibility to the common cold or other respiratory infections. ObjectiveWe sought to examine the impact of partial sleep deprivation on various immune markers. Patients and methodsFifty-two healthy volunteers were partially sleep deprived for one night. We took blood samples before the sleep deprivation, immediately after, and 4 and 7days after sleep deprivation. We measured various immune markers and used a generalized estimating equation (GEE) to examine the differences in the repeated measures. ResultsCD4, CD8, CD14, and CD16 all showed significant time-dependent changes, but CD3 did not. The most striking time-dependent change was observed for the mitogen proliferation assay and for HLA-DR. There was a significant decrease in the mitogen proliferation values and HLA-DR immediately after the sleep deprivation experiment, which started to rise again on day 4 and normalized by day 7. ConclusionsThe transiently impaired mitogen proliferation, the decreased HLA-DR, the upregulated CD14, and the variations in CD4 and CD8 that we observed in temporal relationship with partial sleep deprivation could be one possible explanation for the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections reported after reduced sleep duration.

The Impact of Partial Sleep Deprivation on the Diurnal Variations of Cognitive Performance in Trained Subjects

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of partial sleep deprivation on the diurnal variations of cognitive performance of handball goalkeepers. Twelve handball goalkeepers (18.5±1.7 years; 8.3±2.4 years of experiment) performed 3 cognitive tasks by the use of the reaction time (RT), the stroop, and the barrage tests (to evaluate the RT, the selective and supported attention respectively) following 2 situations of sleep deprivation (in the beginning or in the end of the night) and a control situation. The tests were performed at 08:00 and 16:00. Our results showed an increased RT and a fall of the level of the attention after the partial sleep deprivation in the afternoon hours. However, the partial sleep deprivation didn’t affect the morning cognitive performance. In conclusion, partial sleep deprivation affects the diurnal variation of cognitive performance by increasing the RT and reducing the attentional capacities in the afternoon hours.

The Impact of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Moral Reasoning in Military Officers

The present study explores the impact of long-term partial sleep deprivation on the activation of moral justice schemas, which are suggested to play a prominent role in moral reasoning and the formation of moral judgments and behavior. Participants judged 5 dilemmas in rested and partially sleep deprived condition, in a counterbalanced design. In classroom and field exercises at the Norwegian Naval Academy and the Norwegian Army Academy. Seventy-one Norwegian naval and army officer cadets. The results showed that the officers' ability to conduct mature and principally oriented moral reasoning was severely impaired during partial sleep deprivation compared to the rested state. At the same time, the officers became substantially more rules-oriented in the sleep deprived condition, while self-oriented moral reasoning did not change. Interaction effects showed that those officers who displayed high levels of mature moral reasoning (n = 24) in the rested condition, lost much of this capacity during sleep deprivation in favor of a strong increase in rules-oriented moral reasoning as well as self-orientation. Conversely, officers at low levels of mature moral reasoning in rested condition (n = 23) were unaffected by sleep deprivation. The present data show that long-term partial sleep deprivation has an impact on the activation of moral justice schemas, and consequently on the ability to make moral justice judgments.

34. The impact of partial sleep deprivation on the modulation of pain: Psychophysical and neurophysiological correlates

34. The impact of partial sleep deprivation on the modulation of pain: Psychophysical and neurophysiological correlates

The impact of partial sleep deprivation on the modulation of pain: Psychophysical and neurophysiological correlates

Objective: The experiment investigates the impact of sleep deprivation on cortical evoked potential correlates of central nociceptive processing.

Influence of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Energy Balance and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Women

Background: Voluntary sleep restriction is a lifestyle feature of modern societies that may contribute to obesity and diabetes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of partial sleep deprivation on the regulation of energy balance and insulin sensitivity. Subjects and Methods: In a controlled intervention, 14 healthy women (age 23–38 years, BMI 20.0–36.6 kg/m²) were investigated after 2 nights of >8 h sleep/night (T0), after 4 nights of consecutively increasing sleep curtailment (7 h sleep/ night, 6 h sleep/night, 6 h sleep/night and 4 h sleep/night; T1) and after 2 nights of sleep recovery (>8 h sleep/night; T2). Resting and total energy expenditure (REE, TEE), glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT), physical activity, energy intake, glucose tolerance and endocrine parameters were assessed. Results: After a decrease in sleep du-ration, energy intake (+20%), body weight (+0.4 kg), leptin / fat mass (+29%), free triiodothyronine (+19%), free thyroxine (+10%) and GIT (+34%) significantly increased (all p < 0.05). Mean REE, physical activity, TEE, oral glucose tolerance, and ghrelin levels remained unchanged at T1. The effect of sleep loss on GIT, fT3 and fT4 levels was inversely related to fat mass. Conclusion: Short-term sleep deprivation increased energy intake and led to a net weight gain in women. The effect of sleep restriction on energy expenditure needs to be specifically addressed in future studies using reference methods for total energy expenditure.

Partial sleep deprivation: Impact on the architecture and quality of sleep

Objective: The study was aimed at the examination of the acute and cumulative impact of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on architecture and quality of sleep, on circadian rhythm and on daytime fatigue. Methods: Time in bed for 16 healthy male volunteers was reduced from 8 to 5 h during four consecutive nights, followed by two recovery nights. This scheme matches the terms of service and sleep rhythms of rescue helicopter pilots in Germany. Polysomnography was recorded during each night, and motor activity and body core temperature were recorded continuously. Subjective sleep quality and alertness were acquired by questionnaires. Results: In the course of PSD, electroencephalography (EEG) showed a reduction of S1 and S2 ( p = 0.039), whereas S3, S4 (0.024) and rapid eye movement (REM; p = 0.030) sleep increased. Subjective sleep quality improved, while sleep need ( p < 0.001) and fatigue ( p < 0.001) deepened. These effects declined rapidly after one recovery night. Conclusions: PSD alters sleep and daytime alertness. The results indicate that not only slow wave sleep (SWS) but also REM is important for sleep. Sleep became more effective when wake periods and sleep latencies decreased, thereby improving subjective sleep quality. Sleepiness, sleep need and fatigue increased immediately and accumulated throughout the restricting procedure.