Impact Of Parental Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

CULTURAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS: ANALYZING STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL ASPIRATIONS IN ISLAMIC FINANCE

This comprehensive research focuses on the complex relationships between entrepreneurial goals among Malikussaleh University business and economics students. This study investigates how Sharia financial literacy and parents' socioeconomic status impact entrepreneurial interest. The research uses primary data collected from a sample of 110 respondents through the distribution of questionnaires. The data was analysed using a multiple linear regression model to produce findings. The study results reveal a positive correlation: parents' socioeconomic status and Sharia financial literacy substantially impact the entrepreneurial motivation of Malikussaleh University students studying business and economics. This suggests that students who are more educated in Sharia financial principles and come from wealthier homes are more likely to be interested in starting their own businesses. These findings affect entrepreneurial education, policy, and academic stakeholders, especially in Islamic finance. Understanding the critical impact of parental socioeconomic status and Sharia financial literacy, educators and policymakers can design interventions to provide a supportive environment for students to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams.

Does parental socio-economic status matter for the success of start-ups of first-time founders? Evidence from Germany

The aim of this paper is to establish the influence of parental socio-economic status on profitability and growth of first-time founders in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 first-time founders to establish their socio-economic status, parental influence on their success as founders, and the impact of parental socio-economic status on their financial success. The main findings showed that the majority of participants believed that high socio-economic status of parents had a significant positive effect on the financial success of new start-ups, although those from lower socio-economic backgrounds could also succeed. The characteristics of unequal social status were often expressed and the status of German as a nation with low social mobility confirmed. However, the extent to which financial support and context networks supported founders from high socio-economic status families was difficult to ascertain as founders were often unwilling to admit its actual influence. In contrast, the parental influences on values and positive attributes relating to their success were more freely discussed. Based on the revenues and valuation of the start-up companies, two trends for first time founder success were identified: the most successful founders had parents with high socio-economic status; some very successful founders demonstrated high social mobility, which is contrary to the existing data that social mobility in German is very low.

Influence of the environment on the early development of attentional control

The control of visual attention is key to learning and has a foundational role in the development of self-regulated behavior. Basic attention control skills emerge early in life and show a protracted development along childhood. Prior research suggests that attentional development is influenced by environmental factors in early and late childhood. Although, much less information is available about the impact of the early environment on emerging endogenous attention skills during infancy. In the current study we aimed to test the impact of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and home environment (chaos) in the emerging control of orienting in a sample of typically-developing infants. A group of 142 (73 female) 6-month-old infants were longitudinally tested at 6, 9 (n = 122; 60 female) and 16–18 (n = 91; 50 female) months of age using the gap-overlap paradigm. Median saccade latency (mdSL) and disengagement failure (DF) were computed as dependent variables for both overlap and gap conditions. Also, composite scores for a Disengagement Cost Index (DCI) and Disengagement Failure Index (DFI) were computed considering mdSL and DF of each condition, respectively. Families reported SES and chaos in the first and last follow-up sessions. Using Linear Mixed Models with Maximum Likelihood estimation (ML) we found a longitudinal decrease in mdSL in the gap but not in the overlap condition, while DF decreased with age independently of the experimental condition. Concerning early environmental factors, an SES index, parental occupation and chaos at 6 months were found to show a negative correlation with DFI at 16–18 months, although in the former case it was only marginally significant. Hierarchical regression models implementing ML showed that both SES and chaos at 6 months significantly predicted a lower DFI at 16–18 months. Results show a longitudinal progression of endogenous orienting between infancy and toddlerhood. With age, an increased endogenous control of orienting is displayed in contexts where visual disengagement is facilitated. Visual orienting involving attention disengagement in contexts of visual competition do not show changes with age. Moreover, these attentional mechanisms of endogenous control seem to be modulated by early experiences of the individual with the environment.

The Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Social Behavior of Students

This study investigates the intricate relationship between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the social behaviour of students at the higher secondary level. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of literature, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence, this research aims to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which parental SES influences various aspects of students' social behaviour during their higher secondary education years. Through a descriptive approach, questionnaire data were collected from a diverse sample of higher secondary students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. The study explores the nature of the influence of parental SES on students' peer relationships, interpersonal skills, participation in extracurricular activities, and overall social integration within the school environment. Additionally, mediating factors such as parental involvement, family dynamics, access to resources, and community support will be examined to better understand the mechanisms through which SES impacts students' social behaviour. Furthermore, the research investigated the long-term implications of socioeconomic disparities in social behaviour, both academically and in terms of students' overall well-being and future opportunities. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between parental SES and students' social behaviour at the higher secondary level, with implications for educational practice, policy, and interventions aimed at promoting equity and inclusivity in higher secondary education settings.

Parental Keratoconus Literacy: A Socioeconomic Perspective.

PurposeTo assess the impact of parental socioeconomic status and keratoconus literacy on pediatric eye rubbing and keratoconus severity.MethodsIn this mixed-methods study, pediatric keratoconus patients (age ≤ 18 years) were retrospectively identified. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR). Telephone surveys were subsequently conducted to assess parental keratoconus literacy, receipt of counseling on keratoconus prevention, eye rubbing, and household socioeconomic factors not available in the EMR. Parents reporting poor keratoconus literacy were probed via semi-structured interview to explore barriers to their understanding.ResultsForty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 22 (46%) of whom were reached by telephone. Most patients were insured by Medicaid (73%) and current eye rubbers (82%). Few parents reported good or excellent keratoconus literacy now (32%) or at the time of diagnosis (18%). Parents with a high-school education, limited English proficiency, lower income level, and Medicaid insurance tended to have lower keratoconus literacy, though this was not statistically significant. Parental keratoconus literacy was not correlated with disease severity. High-school education, limited English proficiency, lower income level, and Medicaid insurance were correlated with steeper keratometry readings, which was statistically significant for high-school education. In-depth interviews revealed parents felt unconfident with eye health in general and perceived a personal responsibility for learning more.ConclusionThis is the first study exploring keratoconus literacy from a socioeconomic perspective, demonstrating lower literacy among socioeconomically marginalized parents and a tendency toward more severe disease in their children.

The impact of parental socioeconomic status on children's Grit

부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 불평등으로 인해 자녀의 학업성취-노동시장성과의 불평등으로 이어지는 사회적 메커니즘이 심화하고 있는 상황에서 이를 해결할 새로운 대안으로 그릿이 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 실제로 그릿이 어느 정도 세대 간 불평등을 완화하는지에 대한 실증적 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구 공백을 채우고자 한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018을 활용하여 부모의 사회경제적 지위(부모의 학력, 직업, 가구 소득)가 자녀의 그릿 형성에 미치는 영향에 관해 실증분석을 시도하였다. 주요 분석결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 부모의 양육 태도 및 교사와의 관계는 자녀의 그릿 형성에 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 부의 학력 중 대학 졸업을 준거 변수로 했을 때 대학원 졸업이 자녀의 그릿 형성에 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 모의 직업은 사무직을 준거 변수로 했을 때, 전문직의 경우 자녀의 그릿 형성에 정(+)적 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구의 시사점은 부모의 사회경제적 지위 중 부의 학력과 모의 직업이 상호작용을 하면서 자녀의 그릿 형성에 정(+)적 영향을 주고 있음을 실증분석한 결과라 할 수 있다.

Sports participation of children and adolescents in Germany: disentangling the influence of parental socioeconomic status

BackgroundParticipation in sports and physical activity (PA) is a critical resource for children’s health and social development. This study analyzes how the parental socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents affects their PA in sports clubs (organized sports) and outside of sports clubs (unorganized sports) and tests whether the potential impact of parental SES is mediated by the opportunity structure of their residential area (walkability, infrastructure, etc.) and by family and peer support for PA. Furthermore, PA is analyzed respecting differences by gender and migration background.MethodsUsing representative data from the MoMo/KiGGS study (2009–2012 and 2014–2017), we take into account about 8000 measurements from about 7000 subjects. We estimate hurdle regression models to analyze the minutes per week spent on sports activities.ResultsResults show that children with a higher parental SES, children living in areas with many opportunities for PA, and children receiving family and peer support are more physically active than children without these features. Controlled for opportunities and support, status effects are small but visible. The differences regarding parental SES are much more apparent for organized sports than for unorganized sports, indicating the relevance of economic resources. Boys are more active than girls, whereas there is no clear effect of migration background.ConclusionsThe coefficient of parental SES on organized sports most probably relates to the resources needed to participate in sports clubs, including fees and equipment. Lower membership fees might potentially help to integrate children with low parental SES into sports clubs and thereby make organized sports more accessible to all social classes.

Asthmatic children from lower-income families are less likely to own an individualised asthma action plan.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between indicators of socio-economic status (SES) and prescription of a paediatric individualised asthma action plan (IAAP), as well as compliance with that plan. Between May and September 2017, parents/carers of children aged 2-16 years who presented with acute respiratory symptoms and a prior diagnosis of asthma to the emergency department at one regional and one metropolitan hospital in NSW, Australia, were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based study. A total of 175 eligible participants were identified, of which 113 completed the questionnaire. Eighty-seven children had been prescribed an IAAP (77%). Forty-nine parents/carers reported non-compliance with that plan (56.3%). Children from low- to middle-income families were significantly less likely to have a plan (P = 0.001). Being an only child was associated with greater IAAP compliance (P = 0.007) and better asthma control (P = 0.035). No significant relationship between other indicators of SES and rates of plan ownership or compliance was demonstrated. Although relatively high in our study sample, IAAP ownership rates remain well below published guidelines. Given the income-based disparity in plan ownership, physicians must routinely prescribe plans to all asthmatics. Strategies to ensure IAAP ownership and promote their use, especially in the public health sector, would be valuable. Repeating a similar study with a larger sample size will allow more robust conclusions to be drawn regarding the impact of parental SES on compliance.

Estimating direct effects of parental occupation on Spaniards\u2019 health by birth cohort

BackgroundSocial health inequalities in adult population are partly due to socioeconomic circumstances in childhood. A better understanding of how those circumstances affect health during adulthood may improve the opportunities for reducing health disparities. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status, which is proxied by occupation, on adult Spaniards’ health by birth cohort. The analysis will allow checking not only the direct impact of parental occupation on their offspring’s health, but also whether inherited inequality has been reduced over time.MethodsWe use data from the Bank of Spain’s Survey of Household Finances on Spanish households from 2002 to 2008. Sequential models were used to estimate the influence of the father’s and mother’s occupation on their offspring’s health, trying to disentangle direct from indirect effects. With a sample of 26,832 persons we consider effects for four different cohorts by birth periods ranging from 1916 to 1981.ResultsThe results show that parental occupation has a significant direct impact on individuals’ health (p < 0.01). The effect of father’s occupation exceeds that of mother’s. For those born before 1936, the probability of reporting a good health status ranges from 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.48), when fathers were classified as unskilled elementary workers, to 0.98 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) when they were managers or mid-level professionals. For those born during the period 1959–1975, those probabilities are 0.49 (95% CI 0.39–0.59) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), respectively. Therefore, health inequalities linked to parental socioeconomic status have been noticeably reduced, although discrimination against unskilled workers persists over time.ConclusionsGreat progress has been made in the health area during the twentieth century, so that the impact of parental socioeconomic status on individuals’ health has been significantly tempered for those at the bottom of the social scale. However, more efforts focused on the improvement of living conditions for most socioeconomically disadvantaged are needed in order to further reduce social inequalities in health.

Impact of parental socioeconomic status on excess mortality in a population-based cohort of subjects with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the possible impact of parental and individual socioeconomic status (SES) on all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Subjects recorded in the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (SCDR) from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008 were included (n = 14,647). The SCDR was linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Registry (CDR) and the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies (LISA). At a mean follow-up of 23.9 years (maximum 46.5 years), 238 deaths occurred in a total of 349,762 person-years at risk. In crude analyses, low maternal education predicted mortality for male patients only (P = 0.046), whereas parental income support predicted mortality in both sexes (P < 0.001 for both). In Cox models stratified by age-at-death group and adjusted for age at onset and sex, parental income support predicted mortality among young adults (≥18 years of age) but not for children. Including the adult patient's own SES in a Cox model showed that individual income support to the patient predicted mortality occurring at ≥24 years of age when adjusting for age at onset, sex, and parental SES. Exposure to low SES, mirrored by the need for income support, increases mortality risk in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes who died after the age of 18 years.

The Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Students’ Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools in Tanzania

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on students’ academic achievement in secondary schools. Two research objectives guided the study. They are: How does parents’ occupation, income, level of education and home environment affect students’ academic achievement in secondary schools? To what extent does parental involvement in education of their children enhance academic achievement? The study employed a qualitative research approach informed by a case study research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain 60 informants drawn from amongst parents, teachers and students. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions. Data were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. The study found that majority of the students from the selected secondary schools are from low SES. The study established that there is a close relationship between SES and academic achievement. The study further found that majority of the parents are not involved in the learning of their children as well as in the school improvement programmes. The study recommends that the government should review the policy of cost sharing and make it free to o-level students especially to low SES students. In addition, schools should have professional guidance and counsellors to help students with problems to reduce the gap between low and high SES.

Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Underweight in Korea

BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and underweight is steadily increasing among children and adolescents. To explore the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and body mass index, we examined levels of overweight and underweight among representative samples of children and adolescents in South Korea.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2009 Korean Survey on the Obesity of Youth and Children, conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The sample response rate for this survey was 93.9%. After excluding 745 subjects who had missing information on age, height, or weight, 9411 subjects were included. To measure parental socioeconomic status, 4 categories were assessed by using a structured questionnaire: subjective economic status, parental education level, parental occupational status, and family structure. We used the chi-squared test in univariable analysis and multinomial logistic regression in multivariable analysis.ResultsMultinomial logistic regression analysis identified sex, education level, parental interest in weight management, and parental body shapes as statistically significant characteristics affecting overweight in children, and sex, place of residence, parental interest in weight management, and paternal and maternal body shapes as statistically significant characteristics affecting underweight (P < 0.05).ConclusionsUnderweight and overweight coexist among adolescent Korean males of low socioeconomic status, which indicates that these conditions can coexist in developed countries. Appropriate interventions to address both overweight and underweight in adolescents are required.

A systematic review of the impact of parental socio-economic status and home environment characteristics on children's oral health related quality of life.

Childhood circumstances such as socio-economic status and family structure have been found to influence psychological, psychosocial attributes and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to assess the influence of parental Socio-Economic Status (SES) and home environment on children’s OHRQoL. A systematic search was conducted in August 2013 using PubMed, Medline via OVID, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Studies that have analysed the effect of parental characteristics (SES, family environment, family structure, number of siblings, household crowding, parents’ age, and parents’ oral health literacy) on children’s OHRQoL were included. Quality assessment of the articles was done by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative studies. Database search retrieved a total of 2,849 titles after removing the duplicates, 36 articles were found to be relevant. Most of the studies were conducted on Brazilian children and were published in recent two years. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and Children’s Perception Questionnaire11-14 were the instruments of choice in preschool and school aged children respectively. Findings from majority of the studies suggest that the children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL. Mothers’ age, family structure, household crowding and presence of siblings were significant predictors of children’s OHRQoL. However, definitive conclusions from the studies reviewed are not possible due to the differences in the study population, parental characteristics considered, methods used and statistical tests performed.

Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Child Health Outcomes in Kenya**

Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. Most developing countries such as Kenya record unfavourable indicators of population health. Existing literature recognizes the bidirectional causality between health and economic growth and development, though credible information on the causal links is scarce. Various studies show that parental characteristics have important influences on early child health. Such studies are few and report mixed findings. This study aimed to understand and demonstrate the impact of parental socioeconomic status on child health outcomes in Kenya using data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2005/2006, focusing on maternal labour force participation. We used two‐stage least squares instrumental variable methods and the control function approach to cater for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity and non‐linear interactions to estimate the causal links between child health outcomes and parental socioeconomic status. Diagnostic tests for relevance, validity and strength of instruments for endogenous regressors showed instruments were relevant, valid but weak. Our findings showed that maternal labour force participation has a positive but insignificant effect on child stunting and a combined indicator of stunting and wasting. We recommend policy that supports the provision of work opportunities for mothers will enhance child health outcomes in Kenya.