Impact In Pakistan Research Articles

2022 Flood Impact in Pakistan: Remote Sensing Assessment of Agricultural and Urban Damage

Pakistan was hit by the world's deadliest flood in June 2022, causing agriculture and infrastructure damage across the country. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient method for flood impact assessment. This study is aimed to assess the impact of flooding on crops and built-up areas. Landsat 9 imagery, European Space Agency-Land Use/Land Cover (ESA-LULC) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data are used to identify and quantify the extent of flood-affected areas, crop damage, and built-up area destruction. The findings indicate that Sindh, a province in Pakistan, suffered the most. This impact destroyed most Kharif season crops, typically cultivated from March to November. Using the SMAP satellite data, it is assessed that the high amount of soil moisture after flood also caused a significant delay in the cultivation of Rabi crops. The findings of this study provide valuable information for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in flood risk management and disaster response.

The Role of Political Leadership in Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan from 2001 to 2022

Pakistan has been facing internal security threats from extremism, terrorism, and militancy for several decades. These challenges have led to a struggle against different extremist groups, which has severely affected the country's internal security, stability, and progress. These profoundly entrenched phenomena have led individuals and groups to embrace extremist ideologies, undermining the nation's efforts toward stability and progress. The purpose of the study is to recognize the multifaceted nature of extremism and the hard and soft approaches by the government to counter the spread of extremist narratives and ideologies. This research explores the shift from a military approach to soft measures, including deradicalization programs, counter-narrative campaigns, educational reforms, and community-based initiatives. Through extensive secondary data collection and analysis, the impact of Pakistan's soft strategy on different target groups, such as youth, former militants, and vulnerable communities, was examined. The study revealed how drivers like political, social, and religious have been associated with violent extremism and how different extremist groups use these factors as a yardstick to get involved in violence. The analyses provide the basis for a common framework for resisting extremist ideology. It revealed that critical stakeholders, including religious leaders, civil society organizations, and educational institutions, are critical in promoting counter-narratives and fostering an environment of tolerance and moderation. By drawing insights from successful international practices and models, the study provided recommendations for strengthening Pakistan's strategy in countering extremism through community resilience, capacity building initiatives, and a comprehensive national action plan for a coordinated and sustainable approach.

Flood vulnerability assessment in the flood prone area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, causing extensive damage to human lives, property, and the environment. Pakistan is susceptible to natural calamities, such as floods, resulting in millions of people being impacted yearly. It has been demonstrated that flood severity is rising and may continue to escalate in the coming years because of climate change-induced changes in monsoon precipitation in the country. Given the country’s exposure to flooding, it is essential to assess the vulnerability to floods to prepare for and mitigate their impact in Pakistan. This study provides a new conceptual framework for assessing flood risk and vulnerability in Charsadda, a flood-prone district in Pakistan. It evaluates the vulnerability of settlements to floods based on four indicators: population density, the average gross domestic product (GDP) of land, the distance between settlements and rivers, and land use and cover (LULC). The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was integrated with the geographical information system (GIS) to assess the level of vulnerability to floods in the study area. The results reveal a higher degree of vulnerability to floods in the region. The spatial pattern of vulnerable areas reveals a significant connection between high-risk flood areas and densely populated areas during different flood seasons. The results further reveal that more than 60% of the area is arable land and is highly susceptible to flood. The population and their land-use setup show high and extremely high values of vulnerability in the normalized threshold of 0.3–0.4, respectively. The study provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the chosen indicators, evaluation methods, and results, making this a valuable contribution to the field of flood vulnerability assessment. The findings of this study also include thematic maps and related information to the stakeholders for effective vulnerability management in the study area.

Unbridling the Economic Growth and Environmental Nexus in Pakistan

The Kuznets Curve framework is used in this study to examine the complex relationship between economic growth and environmental impact in Pakistan. The study employs descriptive statistics, pairwise correlations, and regression analysis to uncover intricate relationships among crucial variables such as pollution, environmental performance, GDP, income, and taxation. The results underscore the complex trade-offs and non-linear connections that exist within these relationships, underscoring the importance of informed policy choices in order to attain sustainable development that effectively reconciles economic advancement and environmental preservation within the specific context of Pakistan.

The Impact of Pakistan's Child Labour Laws on the Country

Child labour is any job that takes away from a child's childhood, makes it hard for them to go to school regularly, or is harmful to them mentally, physically, socially, or morally. Many international organisations think this method is unfair and takes advantage of people. Laws all over the world make it illegal for children to work. These rules don't think that all work done by children is work done by children. The study we are working on is about the new changes to the Child Labour Act and how they will affect children in Pakistan. This article talks about how UNICEF and other foreign groups work to improve the lives of children around the world. The ILO and UNICEF have made a distinction between child labour and child work. They say child labour will not be counted if the child works to help with housework or family business and doesn't hurt his health or schoolwork. But if it hurts a child's physical or mental health or schooling, then it will be considered child labour.

Unpacking the Mediating Role of Brand Community Character on the Relationship Between Social Media Marketing Activities and Intention to Purchase Online

Whether it's the latest news or details on a specific product, social media is being used as the go-to source for information in today's digital age. Companies utilize social media marketing to spread the word about their products and spark online discussions. Brands with active online communities are more likely to see a rise in consumer interest and spending when consumers get familiar with such brands. Nowadays, people are more inclined towards doing business online than before. This study focuses on the impact of Pakistan's automobile sector marketing efforts on social media and intention to purchase online. The use of customer-based brand equity and perceived brand community character as mediators. Furthermore, due to increase in online sales E-commerce quality is utilized as a moderator to comprehend the impact on the association between the company's marketing efforts on the digital platforms and intention to purchase online. The Google form questionnaire yielded 398 replies by using a convenience sampling strategy. SPSS and Hayes Process Macro are utilized for data analysis. All hypothesis was accepted. The findings will aid automobile brand managers in understanding what to showcase in their online communities to achieve a positive brand outcome.

Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh.

South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action. The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis. The results showed that both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis. In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic among different population groups in Lahore, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Background: COVID-19 pandemic presents a consequential threat to individual’s mental health in addition to obvious health-related impact. Aim: To focus on prevalence as well as related factors of psychosocial impact of COVID-19 in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Our study design was analytical cross-sectional, and study population comprised 382 participants including healthcare workers, teachers, students, and household members. We used non-probability convenience sampling method. We built a structured self-administered questionnaire for collection of data and psychological impact was measured with Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: Independent factors related to psychological impact were identified using bivariate logistic regression and all significant factors at p-value 0.25 were processed using multivariate model. AORs with 95% CIs were used to assess magnitudes of associations. Prevalence of psychological impact in Pakistan is 53.4%. Being female (β=1.517; AOR=4.561; 95%CI: 2.838-7.329)and covering mouth when coughing and sneezing (β=0.486; AOR=1.626; 95%CI: 1.012-2.612)are significantly associated with psychosocial impact after logistic regression. Prevalence of psychological impact in Pakistan is very high. Conclusion: Henceforth, policy makers need to consider psychological issues while planning pandemic-related interventions. Keywords: COVID-19, psychosocial impact, prevalence, convenience sampling

Disaster risk management: Focused to flood hazard and its impact in Pakistan

<p>Recently, weather and climate related extreme occasions circumstances such as droughts, heat waves, bush fires and floods are increasing around the world. South Asian countries, that have the highest annual average number of people physically affected by natural hazards mostly by floods. Most popular flood risk areas are urban areas because there is rapid urbanization infrastructure and uncontrolled development. These are the most common factors that It results in more people being vulnerable to natural hazards floods than ever before. Pakistan is positioned within a hazard-prone region and is exposed to several kinds of natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, droughts and floods but still it lacks proper disaster management policies. Floods in Pakistan bring a great destruction both in urban and rural areas. This paper focuses on some of the key benefits that may be achieved in presence of a proper disaster management framework or policies and also it proposes latest technologies to deal with hazards. This paper also demonstrates a simple concept that may be adopted and implemented immediately, that may help to minimize the impact economically, socially and environmentally.</p>

Examining the role of gender diversity on ownership structure-sustainable performance nexus: fresh evidence from emerging markets.

The current research presents fresh insights on empirically presenting the relationship between ownership structure and corporate sustainable performance of two emerging markets: Malaysia and Pakistan. Moreover, the moderating role of gender diversity is observed on the relationship between ownership structure and corporate sustainable performance. Dynamic estimator, named system generalized method of moments, is used for estimations that control for potential dynamic endogeneity, simultaneity, and reverse causality. Findings reveal that ownership concentration and state ownership are negatively related to economic, social, and environmental indicators of CSP both in Malaysia and Pakistan, whereas directors' ownership is positively associated with all sustainability indicators. Financial institution's ownership showed a positive significant impact on CSP in Malaysia, whereas an insignificant relationship is observed in Pakistan. Meanwhile, the moderating impact of women directors on the relationship between ownership structure and corporate sustainable performance reveals a significant impact in Malaysia and an insignificant impact in Pakistan. Generally, the findings of the study have practical implications for regulatory authorities, securities commissions, and policymakers of Malaysia and Pakistan. Moreover, there is a need to bring reforms into corporate governance structures in Pakistan, where weak economic conditions leave a frail impact of ownership structure on CSP and an insignificant moderating impact of board gender diversity.

The 2019–2020 upsurge of the desert locust and its impact in Pakistan

The recent upsurge of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) has had an impact on East Africa and the Middle East as far as India. It has affected and slowed down many aspects of the Pakistani economy. Swarms of locusts have infested many areas and caused immense damage to all types of crops. Both farmers and economists are concerned and are trying to get the most up-to-date information on the best strategy to manage this pest. This paper is an attempt to (i) provide insight into the dynamics of this upsurge internationally as well as in the various regions of Pakistan, (ii) briefly assess its local impact and locust control measures, and (iii) clarify the role of the various stakeholders in the management, both nationally and internationally, suggesting various improvements for the future.

14-The Role of Islamic Banking Industry in The Perspective of Global Financial Sector and its Impact in Pakistan's Economic Growth

The Islamic financial industry is flourishing at a fast speed in Pakistan. It right now possesses a portion of over 8% of the nation's complete financial area. As Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a creating financial system, every area should add up to its monetary growth. The monetary area additionally adds to Pakistan's monetary development, which incorporates customary banking area and Islamic banks. At constant, there are five full obligation of Islamic terminology banks working in Pakistan, alongside other regular banks that give Islamic financial administrations. This review expects to look at the job of the Islamic financial area in Pakistan's monetary development. For this reason, the monetary information of the 5 Islamic banks were taken from their fiscal summaries from the second from last quarter of 2006 to the final quarter of 2011 and the country's genuine GDP information from the wellspring of the State Bank of Pakistan. Different factual apparatuses have been utilized to inspect the effect and job of the Islamic financial area on the country's monetary development. though the monetary execution of the Islamic financial area decidedly affects financial growth, as Islamic lending attractions in greatest of finance clients because of faith; while the benefit of the Islamic pecuniary area has following to no effect in bright of the fact that Islamic Al banks are new to the realm and experience issues creating a gain for their buyers, as in Sharia law. that the resource nature of Islamic banks agrees with the resource nature of conventional banks and autonomously affects Pakistan's monetary development. The general outcomes show that if there should be an occurrence of minor changes in the economic design of the Islamic monetary industry and by expanding the monetary productivity of this industry, it can imagine a substantial part in the monetary development of Pakistan.

Impact of Pakistan Bait-Ul-Mal on the Socioeconomic Conditions of the Beneficiaries

Purpose: This study aims to assess the socioeconomic conditions of the beneficiaries who are associated with Pakistan Bait ul Mal and are receiving funds. The target population of this research were the beneficiaries affiliated with the Pakistan Baitul Mal regardless of the fat that whether they have received the programs and services in the given time frame or not. Methodology: The quantitative data collected was on the bases of telephonic surveys which targeted a total of 155 beneficiaries. Findings: After a careful analysis of data, it was revealed that most of them agreed that these services have positively impacted on their socioeconomic conditions. The top three influencing factors in this study include the difficulty in application process, monthly household income and employment status. Implications: The importance of poverty reduction programs along with other welfare plans as a stepping stone towards the most effective welfare state, the significance of Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal can't be denied and therefore the viability of a lawful sponsorship for such projects or organizations has for quite some time been perceived by the policy makers. The seriousness of the research further enhances because of the way that this subject had not been in the spotlight for quite a long time. Consequently, institutional re-building and approach corrections have not been much into training.

Impact of Pakistan Bait-Ul-Mal on the Satisfaction Level of the Beneficiaries

This research is an impact-based study. It explores the factors that impact the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries who are receiving funds and are acquiring the different programs and services of Pakistan Baitul Mal, a public treasury. The focus of the study is to analyze the working of the organization through the services they are providing and to evaluate the impact it is creating on the satisfaction of the people in need. This study relies on the primary and secondary data both. The results revealed that a vast majority of people were satisfied by the services being provided by beneficiaries and most of them agrees that these services have positively impacted on their satisfaction level. Briefly, this study has also provided some recommendations through which the scope and working of organization can be enhanced.

Coeliac disease in Pakistan: A bibliographic review of current research status.

Coeliac disease is a common disorder worldwide but its impact in Pakistan is unknown. We reviewed the literature to investigate what is published on coeliac disease and gluten-free diet in Pakistan. Search engines including Medline, Embase, Google were used to retrieve information. Only articles published in a medical journal were included. A total of 34 articles were retrieved, 28 of which were clinical. Of these, 14 pertained to adults and 14 described paediatric patients. Most consisted of descriptions of small series of patients or individual case reports. Five articles addressed treatment issues including gluten-free diet. Most (65%) were from Pakistani journals. All publications were from Sindh or Punjab. For a common disorder, there is a paucity of high quality scientific literature on coeliac disease from Pakistan. Systematic, prospective research studies are needed to investigate the impact of coeliac disease in Pakistan including prevalence, clinical presentations and challenges of gluten-free diet.

Access to better health? The impact of the Benazir Income Support Programme in Pakistan

The multi-dimensional impact of social protection programmes can make them an effective instrument in the alleviation of poverty and vulnerability by enhancing the health, education and social well-being of target groups. In recognition of their importance, this note addresses the health-related impact of Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Programme, based on interviews with 1,000 beneficiaries in Punjab province. Not surprisingly, the findings, among others, are that an increase in the family size of beneficiaries has a negative impact on attaining better health; that the probability of better health increases if beneficiaries are engaged in some form of employment; and that the probability of better health is higher for urban beneficiaries than it is for rural beneficiaries. Such findings raise significant questions about the capacity of the programme to meet desired objectives and goals.

Language shift or maintenance

Abstract Pakistan is a multilingual country with six major and over 59 minor languages. However, the languages used by the domains of power, (government, corporate sector, media and education), are English and Urdu. Compared to the other regional languages in Pakistan, the Sindhi language has a more emancipated position in the state-run schools and some other domains. The present study seeks to explore the extent to which the use of Sindhi language has been shifted or maintained, and to survey the patterns of language use in certain domains through Fishman’s domain concept for the determination of language shift within the community concerned. A mixed method data collection including questionnaires and in-depth interviews was conducted to find out whether Sindhis in the Sind province of Pakistan maintain their heritage language in specific domains and to ascertain the impact of Pakistan’s language policy on Sindhi language. The results show that Sindhis in Sindh province fully maintain their language and behold sentimental affiliation with it as part of their cultural identity. The Sindhis have successfully uplifted and maintained their language in education and other vital domains. The Sindhi community enjoys a higher ethno-linguistic vitality than the other ethnic groups in Pakistan.

A retrospective insight into Pakistan's exchange rate regimes and their impact on the economy

Nuclear tests carried out by Pakistan in May 1998 had a distinctive impact on the evolution of the exchange rate. This case describes what happened to the exchange rate before and after the nuclear tests and focuses on the overall impact of Pakistan’s transition from a hostile relationship with the US in the post-Cold War era to becoming an ally of the US in the war on terror. This case can be used to study the concepts of real and nominal exchange rates, the linkage between exchange rate policy and external balance, how exchange rate can be used as a tool to control the economy and the impact on the economic situation of sustaining a particular exchange rate.

The Effect of Waste Tyre Steel Fibers distribution Characteristics on the Flexural Strength of Concrete with Improving Environmental Impact in Pakistan

The use of vehicles in Pakistan is increasing day-by-day because of which disposal of solid waste to the landfills of used tyres is a serious issue to be solved for Pakistan EPA. Currently this industry is facing many challenges due to lack of support from government for the recycling and reuse of waste tyre by products but manually a large quantity of high strength steel fibers are being extracted from waste tyres, the dominant use of this tyre-derived fiber is a scrap steel to manufacture new iron or steel. This research study is focusing on the use of steel fibers extracted from waste tyres in concrete with different proportions to produce a concrete more strong than ordinary concrete (specially as a member like Beam) economical and cost effective. Different concrete specimens were fabricated and tested in uniaxial compression testing machine to find compression and splitting Beams for the Flexural Strength. The steel fibers were substituted into the concrete by dry weight of mix with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. Result shows that the flexural strength of concrete with 2.5% fibers improved up to 74%.

Comparison of Standard of Living between Pakistan and Bangladesh

The prime objective of this study was to analyze the Economic, Social and Environmental factors that affected the overall standard of living (SOL) in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The study used the bound testing approach to co-integration ARDL for analyzing the relationship between the variables. Also, a straight forward relatively simple formula was used to work out the growth rate of the standard of living of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The result showed a positive relationship between gross domestic product and real per capita income in both countries, while consumer price index and population have negative and significant impact on real per capita income in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Political rights and carbon dioxide emission per capita have significant impact in Pakistan, but insignificant impact on real per capita income in Bangladesh. This study has also determined standard of living growth rate of different government?s regimes in Pakistan during 1980 to 2012 and found that Pervez Musharraf regime was the best regime as far as the growth rate of the SOL is concerned which was noted to be 2.07% (Table 3). In the light of our findings it is appropriate to suggest that the governments should formulate and implement policies to combat inflation in both countries. The governments should use suitable fiscal and monetary policies to increase GDP growth rate and discourage setting up of pollution intensive industries for cleaner environment. Political freedom and minorities? rights should also be given to minorities. Furthermore, provision of leisure, safety of life and property, political freedom, freedom of speech and media, cleaner environment and the like are to be ensured because they are part of the SOL.