Impact Of Other Forms Research Articles

Autonomic diabetic neuropathies: A brief overview

This article summarizes the latest epidemiology of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN), and provides a brief overview on epidemiology, current outcomes measures for screening and diagnosis in research and clinical settings, the latest evidence on effective management, and novel perspectives on the impacts of social determinants of health in development and management of DAN. Among the various forms of diabetic neuropathy, distal symmetric polyneuropathy and diabetic autonomic neuropathies, particularly cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, are by far the most studied. However, emerging data highlight the impact of other forms of autonomic neuropathies such as gastrointestinal and urogenital autonomic neuropathies, on healthcare and patients’ reported outcomes [1].

Nine Months of Hybrid Intradialytic Exercise Training Improves Ejection Fraction and Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Intradialytic aerobic exercise training has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular system function and reduces mortality in HD patients. However, the impact of other forms of exercise on the cardiovascular system, such as hybrid exercise, is not clear. Briefly, hybrid exercise combines aerobic and strength training in the same session. The present study examined whether hybrid intradialytic exercise has long-term benefits on left ventricular function and structure and the autonomous nervous system in HD patients. In this single-group design, efficacy-based intervention, twelve stable HD patients (10M/2F, 56 ± 19 years) participated in a nine-month-long hybrid intradialytic training program. Both echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular function and structure and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed pre, during and after the end of the HD session at baseline and after the nine-month intervention. Ejection Fraction (EF), both assessed before and at the end of the HD session, appeared to be significantly improved after the intervention period compared to the baseline values (48.7 ± 11.1 vs. 58.8 ± 6.5, p = 0.046 and 50.0 ± 13.4 vs. 56.1 ± 3.4, p = 0.054 respectively). Regarding HRV assessment, hybrid exercise training increased LF and decreased HF (p < 0.05). Both conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging indices of diastolic function did not change after the intervention period (p > 0.05). In conclusion, long-term intradialytic hybrid exercise training was an effective non-pharmacological approach to improving EF and the cardiac autonomous nervous system in HD patients. Such exercise training programs could be incorporated into HD units to improve the patients' cardiovascular health.

The skeletal consequences of epidural steroid injections: a literature review.

Approximately nine million epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are administered annually in the United States to treat radicular back pain. ESIs often provide pain relief and functional improvement. While the overall incidence of adverse events resulting from ESIs is low, their effects on the skeleton are poorly understood. This is an important consideration given the profound skeletal impact of other forms of glucocorticoids. Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed search results since 2010, including older, frequently referenced publications were reviewed. Systemic absorption of glucocorticoids occurs after ESI, which can cause hyperglycemia and endogenous cortisol suppression. The majority of studies investigating the skeletal effects of ESIs are retrospective. Several have found a relationship between low areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and ESI exposure, but this finding is not uniform. Recently a dose-response relationship between ESI exposure and low spine volumetric BMD by computed tomography has been reported. Few studies have investigated the relationship between ESI exposure and fracture risk. Results of these studies are conflicting, and most have not been adequately powered to detect fracture outcomes. While evidence is limited, studies suggest that ESIs may cause bone loss, particularly those investigating volumetric BMD. Larger doses appear to confer greater risk. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the relationship between ESI and fracture risk. Better understanding of the skeletal consequences of ESIs will help foster strategies to prevent bone loss in the growing population of patients receiving this treatment.

The Dutch Leniency Programme Turns 18:

Eighteen years ago, the Dutch leniency programme was introduced. The success of the leniency programme is closely linked to the developments around damages claims and firms’ awareness of the impact of other forms of damages. This article looks at past developments in cartel enforcement policy, the impact of damages claims, and deterrent effect of the leniency programme on new and existing cartels and its impact on the number of cartel cases in the Netherlands. It seems that private damages claims are growing up fast, and may well outgrow their younger sibling in terms of their deterrent effect. Keywords: leniency; ACM; private damages; deterrence effect; whistle blower

Did Negative Interest Rates Improve Bank Lending?

Since 2012 several central banks have introduced a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) aimed at boosting real spending by facilitating an increase in the supply and demand for bank loans. We employ a bank-level dataset comprising 16,675 banks from 33 OECD member countries over 2012-2016 and a difference-in-differences methodology to analyze whether NIRP resulted in a change in bank lending in NIRP-adopter countries compared to those that did not adopt the policy. Our results suggest that following the introduction of negative interest rates, bank lending was weaker in NIRP-adopter countries than in countries that did not adopt the policy. The result is robust to a wide range of checks. This adverse NIRP effect appears to have been stronger for banks that were smaller, more dependent on retail deposit funding, less well capitalized, had business models reliant on interest income, and operate in more competitive markets. NIRP also appears to have canceled out the stimulus impact of other forms of unconventional monetary policy

Effect of Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy With or Without Chemoradiation on Bowel Function in Rectal Cancer Patients Treated With Total Mesorectal Excision

BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) impairs bowel function in patients with rectal cancer treated with total mesorectal excision (TME). The impact of other forms of neoadjuvant therapy such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NC) and induction chemotherapy followed by CRT (total neoadjuvant therapy or TNT) on postoperative bowel function has not been investigated. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 176 rectal cancer patients treated between November 1, 2011, and August 31, 2017. All patients completed the MSKCC Bowel Function Instrument (BFI), a validated bowel function questionnaire, at least 6 months after TME and/or ileostomy reversal. Differences in BFI scores were compared across four groups (surgery alone, CRT, NC, and TNT) and also according to exposure to neoadjuvant RT and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the independent relationship between exposure to neoadjuvant RT or chemotherapy and BFI. ResultsBFI total scores were significantly different between the four groups (p = 0.008). Exposure to RT correlated with worse BFI total scores (p = 0.002), and no differences were found in BFI total score after exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.92). In a linear regression model, only exposure to RT (β = − 5.1; 95% CI − 8.9 to − 1.3; p = 0.008) and tumor distance from the anal verge (β = 1.23; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.97; p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with BFI total score. ConclusionNC, whether administered alone or added to CRT, does not seem to impair bowel function. These data should be used to counsel rectal cancer patients when discussing neoadjuvant therapy options.

An International Labour Organization instrument on violence against women and men at work: The Australian influence

Violence in and out of work, both domestic violence and sexual harassment, are violations of human rights and impact heavily in the workplace. All forms of violence result in a high cost for workers, employers and society in general, in lost time, injuries, complaints, staff turnover, loss of skills, and reputational risk. The International Labour Organization has decided to discuss in 2018 an international labour standard on this subject. In Australia, there has been wide recognition for some time of sexual harassment as a significant workplace issue. Now there are greater inroads toward recognizing and addressing the impact of other forms of gender-based violence in the world of work, hence the growing number of clauses in enterprise agreements and state awards aiming to mitigate the impact of domestic violence on workers, both women and men, and the movement to have clauses in modern awards that specify paid time off to allow a worker time to deal with the problem. Australian experience may help shape the proposed International Labour Organization instrument on workplace gendered violence.

Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Uveitis: The Impact of Quantitative Imaging.

Uveitis is a major cause of sight loss across the world. The reliable assessment of intraocular inflammation in uveitis ('disease activity') is essential in order to score disease severity and response to treatment. In this review, we describe how 'quantitative imaging', the approach of using automated analysis and measurement algorithms across both standard and emerging imaging modalities, can develop objective instrument-based measures of disease activity. This is a narrative review based on searches of the current world literature using terms related to quantitative imaging techniques in uveitis, supplemented by clinical trial registry data, and expert knowledge of surrogate endpoints and outcome measures in ophthalmology. Current measures of disease activity are largely based on subjective clinical estimation, and are relatively insensitive, with poor discrimination and reliability. The development of quantitative imaging in uveitis is most established in the use of optical coherence tomographic (OCT) measurement of central macular thickness (CMT) to measure severity of macular edema (ME). The transformative effect of CMT in clinical assessment of patients with ME provides a paradigm for the development and impact of other forms of quantitative imaging. Quantitative imaging approaches are now being developed and validated for other key inflammatory parameters such as anterior chamber cells, vitreous haze, retinovascular leakage, and chorioretinal infiltrates. As new forms of quantitative imaging in uveitis are proposed, the uveitis community will need to evaluate these tools against the current subjective clinical estimates and reach a new consensus for how disease activity in uveitis should be measured. The development, validation, and adoption of sensitive and discriminatory measures of disease activity is an unmet need that has the potential to transform both drug development and routine clinical care for the patient with uveitis.

The mediating role of appearance comparisons on the relationship between negative appearance commentary and binge eating symptoms

While the frequency of weight-based teasing during childhood/adolescence has been linked to eating disturbance, limited research has examined the impact of negative appearance commentary experienced in young adulthood. Appearance comparisons have been shown to mediate the relationship between weight-based teasing frequency in childhood/adolescence and eating disturbance; however, less is known about the impact of other forms of negative appearance commentary and binge eating symptoms. The current study examined appearance comparisons to others as a mediator of the relationship between the impact of negative appearance commentary from interpersonal sources and binge eating symptoms in college women. Three hundred and seventeen young adult women from universities in the southwest and midsouth U.S. completed measures of appearance-related commentary, physical appearance comparisons, and binge eating symptoms. Controlling for body mass index, the mediation effect of appearance comparisons was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Appearance comparisons was a significant mediator of the relationship between the impact of negative appearance comments and binge eating symptoms, F(3,312)=40.256, p<0.001, R2=0.279. There was no direct effect of the impact of negative appearance comments on binge eating symptoms. Study findings indicate that appearance comparisons play a role in the extent to which the impact of negative appearance commentary influences binge eating symptoms. Results also suggest the need to address the impact of negative appearance commentary and appearance comparisons simultaneously in interventions for eating disorder psychopathology among college women.

Growing up with adversity: From juvenile justice involvement to criminal persistence and psychosocial problems in young adulthood

Several studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of child maltreatment on juvenile justice involvement and future criminal life. However, little is known about the impact of other forms of adversity, beyond abuse and neglect, on juvenile delinquency and criminal persistence. The effect of early adversity on psychosocial problems is underexplored, particularly in juvenile delinquents. This study, using the Childhood Adverse Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, a tool accessing the exposure to different types of abuse, neglect and serious household dysfunction, explored the role of each adverse experience on juvenile justice involvement, persistence in crime and psychosocial problems during young adulthood. A Portuguese sample of 75 young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010/2011, and 240 young adults from a community sample completed ACE questionnaire and measures of psychosocial adjustment. Seven out of ten adverse experiences were significantly more prevalent in young adults with juvenile justice involvement than in the community sample, after matching the main demographic variables. The strongest predictor of juvenile justice involvement and criminal persistence during early adulthood was sexual abuse. Dimensions of child/adolescent emotional maltreatment and a mental illness in the household predicted a set of psychosocial problems in young adulthood. This study indicates that early adversity is significantly related to juvenile justice involvement, criminal persistence and psychosocial problems. This study also suggests that each experience has a different role in this process. There is an urgent need to screen, prevent and stop serious adversity. Future scientific directions and recommendations for policies are provided.

Impact of bullying &amp; cyberbullying on body image and disordered eating in young adult females

Weight related teasing, a verbal form of bullying, is an established predictor of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, as many as 11% of university students report experiencing other forms of bullying, such as physical, social, and cyberbullying which has been linked to depression, anxiety and substance abuse. The current study aims to establish the impact of other forms of bullying on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Female participants (123) aged 18 – 25 years completed an anonymous online survey comprising measures of the frequency and effect of teasing, other forms of bullying, negative affect, social comparison, internalisation, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Significant correlations existed between weight-related teasing, physical bullying frequency and social bullying effect but not cyberbullying and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and bulimic symptoms. Internalisation, appearance-based social comparison, and levels of negative affect were examined as mediators of the relationships between social and physical bullying with bulimia, drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction with support for partial or full mediation identified for many relationships. These findings further our understanding of the broader consequences of bullying and the factors that mediate this relationship, and can assist in the development of targeted preventative strategies to minimise these impacts.

The Effect of Weight Training with Fast and Slow Rhythm Movement towards Strength Enhancement

Kamal Firdaus, 2012. The Effect of Weight Training with Fast and Slow Rhythm Movement towards Strength Enhancement. Strength is the most important physical conditions in doing various activities, either daily activities or sports activities. One can not do much when there is no power. In the world of sports, generally the elements of power play a fairly important. In addition for those those truly need a power such as heavy weight, wrestling, boxing and other sports branches. The achievements competitiveness in sports happens because there are so many prizes and bonuses which are promised when somebody becomes a champion, it makes people strive to improve their performance in many ways in terms of strength. One of the efforts is from physical exercises. Physical exercise to increase strength is by lifting weights. The impact of other forms of weight training can be done to increase the strength. In this research, the writer would only look at the effect of weight training with a fast beat and slow rhythm towards the rate of strength enhancement. As for those who tried to be included in the study were derived from the population of boys grade I and II of SMA Negeri 3 Padang. From the total of the population, the writer randomized as many as 40 people as a sample. After these two groups underwent the initial tests, then the writer tried to divide them into 2 groups again, with each group consisting of 20 people. Before the treatment was conducted, some boys were given out the trial tests. This initial test was conducted to determine the level of initial strength owned by sample and tried to divide people into two homogeneous groups. After the sample had done the initial tests and had been divided into two groups, then for group I was given the weight training treatment with fast rhythm, while the second group was given the treatment of weight training with a slow rhythm. Treatment was given for 2 months with the practice intensity was 3 times per week. After the sample tried to complete their training program, then do another test (final test). This second test functions to see how much the influence of the treatment given by the trainer comparing to the results of preliminary tests. From the data analysis, it can be seen that;&#x0D; &#x0D; Weight training with fast rhythm movement can enhance the strength significantly . It is based on P &lt;0.05 or value tO&gt; from t table.&#x0D; Weight training with slow motion rhythm can enhance the strength significantly It is based on P &lt;0.05 or value tO&gt; of the t table.&#x0D; &#x0D; There were no differences in strength enhancement by conducting the treatment of weight training with fast rhythm and slow rhythm. It is proved that P&gt; 0.05 or value tO &lt; of t table.

Association between childhood physical abuse, unprotected receptive anal intercourse and HIV infection among young men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada.

IntroductionThe association between childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) is well established. However, no studies have examined the potential impact of other forms of childhood maltreatment on HIV incidence in this population.MethodsWe explored the impact of child physical abuse (CPA) on HIV seroconversion in a cohort of gay/bisexual men aged 15 to 30 in Vancouver, Canada. Cox proportional hazard models were used, controlling for confounders.ResultsAmong 287 participants, 211 (73.5%) reported experiencing CPA before the age of 17, and 42 (14.6%) reporting URAI in the past year. After a median of 6.6 years follow-up, 16 (5.8%) participants HIV-seroconverted. In multivariate analysis, CPA was significantly associated with HIV seroconversion (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–14.48), after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionOur study uncovered a link between childhood physical violence and HIV incidence. Results highlight an urgent need for screening of young gay and bisexual men for histories of violence, and social and structural supports to prevent HIV transmission in this population.

P.2.009 Effect of early life experiences on brain structure and function: neurogenesis and decision making

Several studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of child maltreatment on juvenile justice involvement and future criminal life. However, little is known about the impact of other forms of adversity, beyond abuse and neglect, on juvenile delinquency and criminal persistence. The effect of early adversity on psychosocial problems is underexplored, particularly in juvenile delinquents. This study, using the Childhood Adverse Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, a tool accessing the exposure to different types of abuse, neglect and serious household dysfunction, explored the role of each adverse experience on juvenile justice involvement, persistence in crime and psychosocial problems during young adulthood. A Portuguese sample of 75 young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010/2011, and 240 young adults from a community sample completed ACE questionnaire and measures of psychosocial adjustment. Seven out of ten adverse experiences were significantly more prevalent in young adults with juvenile justice involvement than in the community sample, after matching the main demographic variables. The strongest predictor of juvenile justice involvement and criminal persistence during early adulthood was sexual abuse. Dimensions of child/adolescent emotional maltreatment and a mental illness in the household predicted a set of psychosocial problems in young adulthood. This study indicates that early adversity is significantly related to juvenile justice involvement, criminal persistence and psychosocial problems. This study also suggests that each experience has a different role in this process. There is an urgent need to screen, prevent and stop serious adversity. Future scientific directions and recommendations for policies are provided.

Interview with Lawrence D. Mass, MD

In this interview with physician, activist, and writer Lawrence D. Mass, MD, the story of Dr. Mass's development and entry into medicine at a time of cultural revolution unfolds, illustrating how social forces shaped his drive to write and act toward powerful social change. The initial stimulus for this activism was Mass's experience with psychiatry during the decade that followed the APA declassification of homosexuality as a mental disorder in 1973–74. The impact of the emergence of AIDS on this process is examined, illustrating Mass's key role in discovering, making public and helping those afflicted by AIDS. His exploration of the impact of other forms of discrimination, including anti-Semitism, through his writing is also discussed.

Is social support associated with greater weight loss after bariatric surgery?: a systematic review

Social support may be associated with increased weight loss after bariatric surgery. The objective of this article is to determine impact of post-operative support groups and other forms of social support on weight loss after bariatric surgery. MEDLINE search (1988-2009) was completed using MeSH terms including bariatric procedures and a spectrum of patient factors with potential relationship to weight loss outcomes. Of the 934 screened studies, 10 reported on social support and weight loss outcomes. Five studies reported on support groups and five studies reported on other forms of social support (such as perceived family support or number of confidants) and degree of post-operative weight loss (total n = 735 patients). All studies found a positive association between post-operative support groups and weight loss. One study found a positive association between marital status (being single) and weight loss, while three studies found a non-significant positive trend and one study was inconclusive. Support group attendance after bariatric surgery is associated with greater post-operative weight loss. Further research is necessary to determine the impact of other forms of social support. These factors should be addressed in prospective studies of weight loss following bariatric surgery, as they may represent ways to improve post-operative outcomes.

Cruelty to Animals and the Short- and Long-Term Impact on Victims

SUMMARY Research indicates that various types of childhood abuse occurring in violent families (e.g., physical or emotional abuse) do not happen in isolation. Clients often describe experiencing multiple forms of maltreatment in childhood, and research indicates an increased severity of symptoms with each added form of abuse. Regardless of the kinds of abuse perpetrated against them, clients report similar short- and long-term effects. It is proposed that witnessing, being threatened with, or forced to commit animal abuse constitutes an important form of abuse. Similar to the impact of other forms of abuse, comparable short- and long-term effects could exist for both the human and nonhuman survivors of animal abuse. Recommendations for addressing the trauma of animal abuse are offered.

Impact of the Asian financial crisis on corporate real estate acquisitions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the stock price reactions to the announcements of corporate real estate acquisitions by listed non‐property companies in Malaysia and whether acquisitions under different economic conditions lead to different share price reactions.Design/methodology/approach – This research applies the event study approach.Findings – It is found that the cumulative abnormal returns associated with the property acquisitions differ significantly in different economic conditions. Price reaction for property acquisitions before the Asian financial crisis is consistent with the normal investor expectations of increasing shareholder value. However, property acquisitions during and after the crisis have negative wealth effects.Research limitations/implications – The research is limited in that it has considered only the Asian financial crisis. Further research might explore the impact of other forms of economic conditions on wealth effects of corporate real estate acquisitions.Pr...

Impact of the Asian financial crisis on corporate real estate disposals

Purpose – To examine the stock price reactions to the announcements of corporate real estate disposals by listed non‐property companies in Malaysia and whether disposals under different economic conditions lead to different price reactions.Design/methodology/approach – This research applies the event study approach.Findings – It is found that the cumulative abnormal returns associated with the property disposals differ significantly in different economic conditions. Price reaction for property disposals before the Asian financial crisis is consistent with the normal investor expectations of increasing shareholder value. However, property disposals during and after the crisis have negative wealth effects.Research limitations/implications – The research is limited in that it has considered only the Asia financial crisis. Further research might explore the impact of other forms of economic conditions on wealth effects of corporate real estate disposals.Practical implications – The research clearly identified...

Parental religiosity, abuse history and maintenance of beliefs taught in the family

Both anecdotal and empirical investigations have indicated that childhood sexual abuse may negatively impact one's religiosity as an adult. However, few studies have examined the impact of other forms of abuse on the development of religiosity. In the present study, 167 participants recruited from a Pacific Northwest university completed questionnaires measuring parental religiosity, as well as both physical and emotional abuse history, to assess the impact of these factors on the participants’ maintenance of beliefs taught in the family. Results demonstrated that report of abuse was negatively associated with belief maintenance. Alternatively, parental religiosity was positively associated with belief maintenance, and negatively associated with report of abuse. These findings are discussed in terms of social learning theory and the lifestyle behaviours of religious individuals.