Impact Of Omission Research Articles

The Impact of Omission in the Books of Usul Al-Nashr on Badai Al-Burhan of Al-Izmiri and Faridat Al-Dahr of Muhammad Salim: The Contrast Between References in Badai Al-Burhan and Faridat Al-Dahr with Jami Ibn Faris as a Case Study

The research deals with a situation related to one of the edited subjects in the study of variant readings of the Quran, especially concerning Sheikh Al-Azmiri's school and their method in editing subjects mentioned by Ibn Al-Gozi in his books: 'Tibb Al-Nashr' and 'Al-Nashr'. Those affected by this school include Sheikh Mohamed Ibrahim Salem and his book 'Faridat Al-Dahr', which has gained popularity recently as he followed the same path as Sheikh Al-Azmiri in his edits. In this research, I will discuss the attribution of letters of readings in the books of publishing principles and the method used by the author of the book 'Time Unique' in this subject. I will compare what he mentioned in his book to one of the books about publishing principles, namely the collection of the ten readings by Ibn Al-Faris, including what is mentioned in the same book, then I will state the effect of the missing attributions on the edits of readings. This omission caused a flow in attribution, leading to the conclusion that some edits are incorrect, which prevented the right methods of goodness that were approved by famous readers before the time of Imam Al-Azmiri.

Fertilization the Omission One Test as Determination Limiting Factors for Maize Biomass (Zea mays L.)


 Introduction: The research was aimed to obtain information on the impact of omission one test fertilization as a determination limiting factors for the growth and biomass of maize in variety Bonanza F1.
 Materials and Methods: The research was located in the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan from December 2020 until February 2021. The research was applied by Randomized Block Design in non-factorial through fertilization of omission one test that has been converted (urea : SP-36 : KCl = 0.75 : 0.50 : 0.125 g polybag-1). The treatment of this research include P0 = non-fertilization; P1= N+P+K; P2= P+K; P3= N+K; P4= N+P using three replications. The parameters include plant height, leaf growth, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and the percentage of relative yield then processed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT at 5% ± standard error with SPSS v.20 software.
 Results: Informed that the omission one test technique significantly improved all the characteristics of maize in the variety Bonanza F1. The highest increase in plant height was found in the N+P of 83.65%, meanwhile, the highest leaf and biomass growth characters were found in N+P+K, ranged of 50.00 to 177.81% and 487.60 to 507.37%, respectively. It was obtained that the limiting factor for the maize growth in variety Bonanza F1 was found in the un-fertilization of nitrogen.

Abstract OT2-04-03: Examining personalized radiation therapy (EXPERT): A randomised phase III trial of adjuvant radiotherapy vs observation in patients with molecularly characterized luminal A breast cancer

Abstract Background Radiation therapy (RT) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) is the current standard of care for patients with early stage breast cancer. However, individual absolute recurrence risks and hence benefits of RT vary substantially. A study showed significant association between local recurrence (LR) risk and PAM50-defined intrinsic subtypes and Risk of Recurrence scores (ROR).1 The objective of EXPERT, a co-lead study of Breast Cancer Trials-Australia & New Zealand (BCT-ANZ), and Breast International Group (BIG), is to optimize local therapy for early breast cancer through precise individualized quantification of LR risk to identify patients for whom RT after BCS may be safely omitted. Trial design This is a randomized, non-inferiority, phase III study of women who plan to receive adjuvant endocrine therapy for Prosigna (PAM50)-defined luminal A breast cancer with ROR ≤60 resected by BCS. Women are randomized to receive adjuvant whole breast RT and endocrine therapy or endocrine therapy alone and followed-up for 10 years after randomization. Major eligibility criteria Females aged ≥50 years; histologically confirmed invasive breast carcinoma ≤2 cm, grade 1 or 2, ER and PgR ≥10%, HER2-negative and node-negative; treated by BCS with negative margins for invasive carcinoma and associated DCIS; Prosigna (PAM50)-defined Luminal A subtype and ROR ≤60; and plan to receive adjuvant endocrine therapy. Specific aims Primary: To determine if omission of RT is not inferior to RT in terms of LR-free interval after BCS. Secondary: To evaluate the impact of omission of RT on regional, local-regional and distant recurrence-free interval; disease-free survival (DFS); invasive DFS; overall survival; salvage RT or mastectomy rate; toxicity; endocrine therapy adherence; patient reported outcomes; and health economic outcomes. Statistical methods An estimated 5-year LR rate in the target population is expected to be 1% with RT. A rate of 4% is considered non-inferior as a worthwhile trade-off against RT toxicity. Using O'Brien-Fleming boundary for rejecting non-inferiority, 29 LR events are required for final analysis expected 8 years after the first patient is randomized. Two interim analyses will be conducted after 10 and 21 events. If the stratified log-rank test statistic exceeds the upper boundary at interim or final analysis, the hypothesis of non-inferiority will be rejected and it will be concluded that no RT is inferior to RT. Accrual: Target (1170), actual: 82 (June 2018) The study was activated in Australia in August 2017, with global activation planned for Q4 2018. Recruitment is expected to be completed in 4.5 years. Contact information Professor Boon Chua, UNSW Sydney and Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW, Australia; email boon.chua@health.nsw.gov.au; T +61 2 49255239. Registration: NCT02889874 References Fitzal F, Filipits M, Fesl C, et al. Predicting local recurrence using PAM50 in postmenopausal endocrine responsive breast cancer patients. JCO 2014;32(15 suppl):1008. Citation Format: Chua BH, Gray K, Krishnasamy M, Regan M, Zdenkowski N, Loi S, Mann B, Forbes JF, Wilcken N, Spillane A, Martin A, Badger H, Jafari S, Fong A, Mavin C, Corachan S, Arahmani A, Martinez J-L, Francis P. Examining personalized radiation therapy (EXPERT): A randomised phase III trial of adjuvant radiotherapy vs observation in patients with molecularly characterized luminal A breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-03.

P3-07-04: Does Omission of Axillary Dissection after a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy Influence Indication to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Breast Cancer Patients?

Abstract Introduction: Based on the recently published ACSOG Z0011 study (JAMA 2011;305:569), axillary dissection (AD) may be avoided in breast cancer (BC) patients with a clinically negative axilla and a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy receiving breast conserving surgery (BCS). Because the number of positive axillary lymph nodes (ALN) is a widely accepted prognostic marker, we evaluated the potential impact of omission of AD on indication to adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Patients and methods: Among 1497 patients operated at our Institution over 10 years, we identified 321 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the ACSOG Z0011 study (BCS plus SLNB, cT1-2, cN0 breast cancer and 1 to 2 positive SLN). All patients underwent AD. Each case, which was anonymized, was reviewed by our breast team in two rounds. In the first round, patient age, histopathology, linfovascular invasion, tumor grade, hormone receptor, HER2, and ki67 status and number of positive SN nodes (micro and/or macrometastatic) were available. In the second round, the information on ALN was added. At each round, the panel chose between three indications: 1) Recommend ACT; 2) Discuss ACT; 3) No ACT. Results: SN was micrometastatic in 145 (45%) and macrometastatic in 176 patients (55%). ALD revealed non-SNs metastases in 96 patients (30%). Forty-four of these patients had >3 positive ALN (range 4–24). Indications at round 1 and 2 are summarized below. As a result of the disclosure of the total number of involved ALN, a change in the indication occurred in 51 patients (16%). The most frequent change was a recommendation to ACT (35 patients, 69% of the changes). Among these patients, 9 changed from No-ACT to recommend ACT. All except one change in the indication to ACT occurred in patients with immunohistochemically defined Luminal A and Luminal B/HER2 negative tumors and were mostly towards ACT. Conclusions: Omission of AD in patients with a positive SLN receiving BCS would have altered the indication to ACT in 16% of the patients at our Institution. Changes occurred almost exclusively in patients with hormone receptor positive/HER2−negative tumors. The implications of omission of AD must be taken into account before its widespread acceptance, including the possibility of a biologically tailored surgical approach. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-04.

Automatic detection of omissions in medication lists

Evidence suggests that the medication lists of patients are often incomplete and could negatively affect patient outcomes. In this article, the authors propose the application of collaborative filtering methods to the medication reconciliation task. Given a current medication list for a patient, the authors employ collaborative filtering approaches to predict drugs the patient could be taking but are missing from their observed list. The collaborative filtering approach presented in this paper emerges from the insight that an omission in a medication list is analogous to an item a consumer might purchase from a product list. Online retailers use collaborative filtering to recommend relevant products using retrospective purchase data. In this article, the authors argue that patient information in electronic medical records, combined with artificial intelligence methods, can enhance medication reconciliation. The authors formulate the detection of omissions in medication lists as a collaborative filtering problem. Detection of omissions is accomplished using several machine-learning approaches. The effectiveness of these approaches is evaluated using medication data from three long-term care centers. The authors also propose several decision-theoretic extensions to the methodology for incorporating medical knowledge into recommendations. Results show that collaborative filtering identifies the missing drug in the top-10 list about 40-50% of the time and the therapeutic class of the missing drug 50%-65% of the time at the three clinics in this study. Results suggest that collaborative filtering can be a valuable tool for reconciling medication lists, complementing currently recommended process-driven approaches. However, a one-size-fits-all approach is not optimal, and consideration should be given to context (eg, types of patients and drug regimens) and consequence (eg, the impact of omission on outcomes).

Impact of Omission of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection After Negative Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: 70-Month Follow-up

The objective of this study is to assess the oncologic safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), especially with regard to the axillary recurrence (AR) rate, and to determine the risk factors for AR and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after negative SLNB. Between 2003 and 2006, a total of 1626 patients with invasive breast cancer and clinically axillary node-negative tumors underwent SLNB using a radioisotope at the Asan Medical Center. Of these patients, 1196 were negative on SLNB. Among these, 709 underwent SLNB only, and 487 underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We included patients with any size tumors, except for those with inflammatory breast cancer, if patients had clinically negative lymph nodes. Mean follow-up was 70.2 months for the SLNB-only group and 71.5 months for the SLNB and ALND group. The 5-year axillary-free survival rates were 98.91% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 70.2-71.0) and 99.36% (95% CI 71.3-72.0), respectively; the 5-year DFS rates were 95.17% and 95.18%, respectively (log rank P = .543); and the 5-year OS rates were 98.36% and 98.75%, respectively (log rank P = .380). Univariate analysis showed that negative hormone receptor status (P = .002) and high tumor grade (P = .032) were significant prognostic factors for AR in the SLNB only group. Multifocality and tumor size did not affect the rate of AR. SLNB alone is an oncologically safe procedure in clinically node negative patients abrogating the need for further ALND. Negative hormone receptor status and high tumor grade might be risk factors for AR.

Impact of omission of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or axillary radiotherapy (ax RT) in breast cancer patients with micrometastases (pN1mi) or isolated tumor cells (pN0[i+]) in the sentinel lymph node (SN): Results from the MIRROR study

CRA506 Background: The Dutch MIRROR study is the largest cohort study on pN1mi and pN0(i+) in the SN era with long-term follow-up, central pathology review (6th AJCC-classification), and separate analyses on the use of adjuvant systemic therapy (AST). In patients not receiving AST, pN1mi and pN0(i+) as final N-stage were shown to be independent prognosticators for disease-free survival (SABCS 2008, #23, oral). As a substantial number of patients in the MIRROR study did not undergo cALND or ax RT, we questioned whether this policy was safe in patients with pN1mi(sn) or pN0(i+)(sn). Methods: Patients operated for breast cancer in all Dutch hospitals in the years 1998–2005, having favorable primary tumor characteristics, and having undergone an SN biopsy without macrometastases as final N-stage were included. For this present research question, patients were categorized by their SN-stage. Median follow-up was 4.7 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year axillary recurrence (AR) rates, and C...

Impact of omission of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or axillary radiotherapy (ax RT) in breast cancer patients with micrometastases (pN1mi) or isolated tumor cells (pN0[i+]) in the sentinel lymph node (SN): Results from the MIRROR study

CRA506 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Using Bernier v. Boston Edison to Teach Undergraduate Engineering Students about Professional Responsibility

The matter of design fault is presented in a timeless case from the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts regarding a concrete light pole. The detail in the printed ruling provides engineering students with remarkable insight into the design process and the failure of that process to adequately consider the potential of product failure and the impact on both automobiles and pedestrians. The court had strong opinions on the failure of Boston Edison design engineers. Students readily understand the impact of omission of foreseeability of design failure, and the case thus serves as a discussion prompt in considering engineering professionalism and potential legal consequences.

Impact of omission or replacement of data below the limit of quantification on parameter estimates in a two-compartment model.

To evaluate the influence of omission and replacement approaches for data below the limit of quantification (LOQ) on the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters for two-compartment models when using nonlinear mixed-effect models. Nine data sets were simulated according to a two-compartment intravenous bolus model with interindividual and residual variabilities, and a sparse sampling strategy was adopted. The data sets differed with respect to area-under-the-curve (AUC) ratio (0.1. 0.2, 0.3) and half-life ratio (0.03, 0.1, 0.3) between the distribution and elimination phases. For each of the nine data sets, six reduced data sets were created by omitting 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% of the lowest concentration values. For each of the reduced data sets only one simple correction procedure to handle observations below LOQ was applied. All the values below the LOQ were deleted, and the first one was replaced by half of the LOQ value. Population parameters were estimated for each of the 117 resulting data sets (one initial, six reduced, and six "corrected" data sets for each of the nine cases). This approach was also applied on a real data set of patients administered multiple i.v. bolus doses. For many of the data sets, particularly when a large fraction of the data was omitted, one or several population parameters were biased. When there was bias, clearance (CL) usually was underestimated, whereas peripheral volume was overestimated. The parameters related to the distribution phase (central volume and intercompartmental clearance) were less affected, and changes were not systematic. The correction procedure markedly decreased overall bias on the fixed effect of the parameters. Results for the real data were similar. Omission of data below the LOQ value may induce a not negligible bias on fixed-effect parameter estimates. The influence of the omission of values below LOQ was related to the underlying shape of the concentration-time profile and fraction of omitted observations. The use of a simple replacement rule seems to reduce this bias in estimates but needs further investigation.