Impact Of Non-governmental Organizations Research Articles

The Challenge of Evaluating the Impact of NGOs on the Human Capital and Life Satisfaction of Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Abstract The number of projects designed by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to meet refugees’ needs in Turkey has steadily increased since the arrival of Syrian refugees. In existing studies, the projects of NGOs working with Syrian refugees have not been evaluated from a lens of human capital and life satisfaction. Given the crucial role of NGOs in implementing social policies within host countries, it becomes imperative to conduct thorough analyses of the effects of their projects on the target groups. The objective of this study is to evaluate the significance of human capital and life satisfaction within NGO projects, as perceived by NGO employees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with national and international NGO representatives in Istanbul to probe the impact of the projects on Syrian refugees. Based on the findings, despite the considerable number of projects carried out with Syrian refugees, the absence of a dedicated methodology to measure changes in participants’ human capital and life satisfaction poses significant challenges in evaluating project outcomes. In this research, I propose a five-step method for assessing the impacts of NGO-applied projects. This method acknowledges existing limitations and promotes the improvement of the evaluation process.

Impact of non-governmental organizations’ affordable and permanent housing provision on social economic activities development A case in Kalobeyei settlement scheme, Turkana County, Kenya

Impact of non-governmental organizations’ affordable and permanent housing provision on social economic activities development A case in Kalobeyei settlement scheme, Turkana County, Kenya

Exploring the Role of NGOs in Addressing Gender-Based Violence Against Women

This research explores the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in addressing Gender-based Violence (GBV) against women through a case study of NGO Shakti Shalini located in Delhi, India. There are four aspects of the NGO's operation that are examined: 'Pehchaan' - the shelter home, Crisis Intervention and Counseling services, Community Outreach Programs, and 'Kushalta Vikas Kendra' (Skill Development Centre). This research argues that NGOs can become grassroots agents of peace as they develop a sense of familiarity and closeness with the residents in the locality in which they operate. Due to this, a relationship of trust develops between the NGO and the residents, and this makes them better equipped to work on issues related to gender discrimination through direct interaction with the residents in its Community Outreach Programs. Women who came in contact with the NGO have shared their personal journeys of transformation into more confident and strong beings; this demonstrates the positive impact of NGOs in addressing the issue of violence against women. The NGO’s informed and well planned intervention not just in the aftermath of a case but also at a preventive stage has been studied. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the role of NGOs in addressing gender-based violence against women. The primary research is based on a case study of NGO Shakti Shalini in Delhi, India. Multiple methods of data collection were utilized, including participation observation, structured open-ended interviews, and unstructured interviews. The use of multiple methods allowed for data triangulation, enhancing the validity and reliability of the findings. This approach facilitated a comprehensive exploration of the research topic, providing different perspectives and increasing overall knowledge about the phenomena under investigation. In addition to primary research, secondary research in the form of literature review was conducted. A primary focus of this research is to understand how structural violence that manifests itself in uneven development affects women differently than men. It also explores ways that the government and civil society can collaborate in preventing GBV.

Modelling the impact and cost-effectiveness of non-governmental organizations on HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Ukraine.

People who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine have high prevalences of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide PWID with needles/syringes, condoms, HIV/HCV testing and linkage to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We estimated their impact and cost-effectiveness among PWID. A dynamic HIV and HCV transmission model among PWID was calibrated using data from four national PWID surveys (2011-2017). The model assumed 37-49% coverage of NGOs among community PWID, with NGO contact reducing injecting risk and increasing condom use and recruitment onto OAT and ART. We estimated the historic (1997-2021) and future (2022-2030, compared to no NGO activities from 2022) impact of NGOs in terms of the proportion of HIV/HCV infections averted and changes in HIV/HCV incidence. We estimated the future impact of scaling-up NGOs to 80% coverage with/without scale-up in OAT (5-20%) and ART (64-81%). We estimated the cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted of current NGO provision over 2022-2041 compared to NGO activities stopping over 2022-2026, but restarting after that till 2041. We assumed average unit costs of US$80-90 per person-year of NGO contact for PWID. With existing coverage levels of NGOs, the model projects that NGOs have averted 20.0% (95% credibility interval: 13.3-26.1) and 9.6% (5.1-14.1) of new HIV and HCV infections among PWID over 1997-2021, respectively, and will avert 31.8% (19.6-39.9) and 13.7% (7.5-18.1) of HIV and HCV infections over 2022-2030. With NGO scale-up, HIV and HCV incidence will decrease by 54.2% (43.3-63.8) and 30.2% (20.5-36.2) over 2022-2030, or 86.7% (82.9-89.3) and 39.8% (31.4-44.8) if OAT and ART are also scaled-up. Without NGOs, HIV and HCV incidence will increase by 51.6% (23.6-76.3) and 13.4% (4.8-21.9) over 2022-2030. Current NGO provision over 2022-2026 will avert 102,736 (77,611-137,512) DALYs when tracked until 2041 (discounted 3% annually), and cost US$912 (702-1222) per DALY averted; cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$1548/DALY averted (0.5xGDP). NGO activities have a crucial preventative impact among PWID in Ukraine which should be scaled-up to help achieve HIV and HCV elimination. Disruptions could have a substantial detrimental impact.

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Their Part towards Sustainable Community Development

Background: Alternative healthcare, community development, social justice, and education are all areas where non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are increasingly being recognised or promoted, but these efforts are hampered by government inefficiency and resource constraints. However, the statement of non-profit organisations is more complicated than simply comparing them to the government, as they may also suffer from a lack of resources and ineffective management, just like the government. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and impact of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) towards Sustainable Community Development in and to identify the challenges these organisations face. Method: Throughout this investigation, a wide range of sources from academic journals, reports, and even company websites were consulted to gather data. This article includes data on the number of NGOs in Malaysia, which can help us obtain a better sense of the sector. To find out just how rapidly these non-profits are expanding, the project’s goal is to track their progress. A systematic literature review method was used to screen the retrieved articles from three online databases. Findings: Eight articles have been chosen for further analysis in this study. In total, four challenges and four recommendations have been identified. Conclusions: To that end, this article offers some suggestions for improving already-existing non-profit organisations so that they serve the community as a whole.

Non-governmental pro-defence organisations in Poland – untapped potential for enhancing Polish defence capabilities?

ABSTRACT The article’s purpose is to indicate the hypothesis that non-governmental organisations, specialised in pro-defence and paramilitary activities, have untapped potential defence capabilities in Poland. Therefore, in order to validate the thesis, the article highlights the impact of non-governmental organisations that were operating in Poland between the two world wars and during the time of the Polish People’s Republic. Moreover, conclusions from the abovementioned subject matter are compared with the Estonian law concerning cooperation with defence NGOs within the Estonian defence system. Finally, the article provides conclusions on the Polish government’s financial support for the pro-defence and paramilitary non-governmental organisations and also evaluates existing legal provisions that are covered by such support.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF NGOs TO IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE LOCAL POPULATION - EXAMPLE OF THE ASSOCIATION „KRASLAVAS DISTRICT PARTNERSHIP”

The study evaluates the contribution of non-governmental organizations (hereinafter - NGOs) to the development of local territories, based on the projects available to NGOs financed by the EU structural funds and the state budget in Latvia. Updated information on the impact of non-governmental organizations on improving the quality of life. The experience of the association “Kraslava District Partnership” in investing EU structural funds financing and implementing the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) “Leader Initiative” measure, project tenders in three municipalities of Latgale region has been analyzed. The activity of NGOs, implementation of “Leader Initiative” projects based on EU funds planning periods has been assessed. Proposals are provided to evaluate the contribution of projects implemented by NGOs to improving the quality of life.

The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Community Economic Development: Using a System Dynamic Approach

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are essential institutional players in mobilizing regional economic growth and development, community growth and development, motivating people, and implementing social welfare program(s) to support government effort(s) at the grassroots level. This paper explores the impact of NGOs on rural community development while referencing the case study of the community of Lugbe, in the city Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. This paper utilizes the NGO-Donation-system dynamics model ( , to explore, visualize, and analyze the following dilemmas of NGOs donations responsiveness to Nigeria's per capita income, returns on foreign capital, and the returns on local capital. It analyzes two sensitivity scenarios from the base (see Figure 1). The findings show how NGOs activities result in fostering economic growth and development in the community. Our results show that if Local Returns on Capital ( are greater than Foreign Returns on Capital ( , there will be a higher inflow of Foreign Direct Investment ( into the nation and vice versa. Hence, if the later statement holds to be true, the cost-effectiveness for individuals and businesses to donate or invest in the country will decrease (see Figure 3). But, if the former statement is true, there will be zero donations into NGOs as long as individual per capita income is below the Income Threshold to Donate ( and companies make zero economic profits in their businesses. The is between $0 - $ 13,000. But, when the individual per capita income or a business net economic profit is between $ 14,000 - $ 80,000, which is above , donations and investments will increase until the point when it peaks and starts to decrease (see Figure 4). Further result(s) show that the involvement of NGOs in societies where citizens are underserved by the financial, educational, entrepreneurial, political, and health industries have a normal distribution relationship shaped curve for the labor force per capita income threshold, an inverse relationship on returns on and a positive returns on . The participation of NGOs in communities, ceteris paribus , has had a significant positive effect on the Nigerian economy, but the research does not overlook mistakes made by these NGOs in trying to solve wicked problems in an economy. Keywords: community, development, NGOs, Local Returns on Capital ( , Foreign Returns on Capital ( , Foreign, Direct Investment ( , and Income threshold to donate ( ). DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-20-01 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

The Impact of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) on Sustainable Development Projects in Katsina Metropolis

Nigeria is facing profound social, economic and environmental impact of population growth, development and environmental constraints. It is apparent that government alone has limited capacity to deal with all these problems. NGOs being one of the most effective partners have been playing supportive roles with the government, in some cases, they are considered more effective to get attached with the grass root level developmental initiatives. However, despite the role NGOs played, their presence and impact is not fully evaluated, recognized and appreciated by many governments and community members. It is for this reason this article attempts to examine whether projects executed by NGOs have any impact on sustainable development in Katsina Metropolis, given special emphasis on projects that dealt with environmental protection, poverty alleviation and health care services. The study further look at whether efficiency of NGOs officials has any impact on success of sustainable development projects execution. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 NGOs beneficiaries in five (5) selected political wards of twelve (12) in Katsina metropolis. Interviews was used to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire from NGOs officials which include; development officers and facilitators in five (5) selected NGO offices operating in Katsina Metropolis namely; Save the Children, Service to Humanity Foundation, Murna Foundation, Katsina Friends of Environment and Makudawa Skills Acquisition. Frequency and chi-square analysis was used to present the results. The findings revealed that NGOs are complementing government efforts towards achieving sustainable development through their projects, and efficiency of NGOs officials has significant impact on success of sustainable development projects executed in the area. The findings of the study can benefit government and NGOs in creating more areas of collaboration in order to achieve sustainable development.

Impact of Non-Governmental Organisations’ Income Generating Projects: A Case of Rural Poverty Alleviation in a Selected Small Scale Dairy Projects in Chikomba District

Impact of Non-Governmental Organisations’ Income Generating Projects: A Case of Rural Poverty Alleviation in a Selected Small Scale Dairy Projects in Chikomba District

Sub-state diplomacy: Understanding the international opportunity structures

ABSTRACTDeveloping explanations for how sub-state governments are active internationally is central to understanding their unexpected growth as international actors. Building upon Lecours’ work [2002, Paradiplomacy: reflections on the foreign policy and international relations of regions, International Negotiation, Vol.7, pp.91–114], this article develops an expanded historical institutionalist analysis of the international agency of sub-state governments. Its original empirical contribution is utilizing this approach to examine within case variation across four contrasting policy domains in a case study of Wales. Reflecting the European Union sub-state mobilization literature, levels of constitutional powers are constrained in their capacity to account for Welsh sub-state international agency. Instead, the article highlights strong variation in the opportunity structures shaping sub-state diplomacy across policy domains. The article argues that institutional continuity and change, the prevalence of ‘path dependence’, can differ significantly between policy domains in sub-state diplomacy, argues for an expanded multi-level framework recognizing the impact of non-governmental organizations and international institutional opportunity structures and confirms historical institutionalism’s ability to enrich understanding of agency-structure relationships.

Respondents wise Status of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) of Karnali Zone Nepal

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been promoted in the development activities in Nepal since the restoration of democracy in 1990. NGOs have been recognized as one of the development facilitator institutions in Karnali Zone. The objective of this study was focused to identify the status of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on the basis of its structure, environment, values and Impact. The study had adopted the civil society index as a theoretical tool of study. Randomly in total 562 respondents were selected from five districts of Karnali zone. The findings of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between respondents in the structure of NGOs in P=0.007 significant level at 95% confidence interval. But other three components environment, values and impact were not significantly difference. It could be assumed that because of the geographical differences, involvement of human resources, basic infrastructure, access on communication and technologies and perception on NGOs activities are the major factors which made the perceptual difference among the respondents in structure of NGOs. Similarly, contribution of NGO in promotion of political awareness, transparency of their work and empowering citizenship were more or less in the same level in all five districts so response of participants became similar in environment, values and impact of NGOs. It is necessary to identify the locally reliable and related indicators of NGO to assess the NGO's status and their performance.

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NGOS ON THE WELL-BEING OF EXTENDED HOUSEHOLDS IN SOWETO

Extended households, usually in the form of an elder or grandparent, have always provided a safety net for orphaned children. However, the high rates of HIV (AIDS) infection, unemployment and poverty have weakened their capacity to fulfil this vital role.The majority of extended households live in poverty and, therefore, lack sufficient resources to care for these children. In addition to receiving government social grants, some extended households are also receiving financial and non-financial assistance from local non-governmental organisations (NGOs). These local NGOs provide basic needs such as food, clothes and medical care to orphans living in extended family units. Little has been done to quantify their economic impact. This paper, therefore, investigates the economic impact of NGOs in improving the well-being of vulnerable orphaned children living in extended households in Soweto. Using Foster, Greer and Thorbecke’s (FGT) poverty indices, we found that the help of NGOs was statistically significant in reducing the level and extent of poverty in such dwellings. The results of FGT are supported by those of the logit econometric model.

Introspection of Tribal Health Issues and NGOs: Examination of Literatures

Health is one of the vital indicators shimmering the inclusive progress of any community. Tribal's (natives/indigenous) unique health culture creates an inimitable example of beliefs and perceptions as to what ‘health’ or ‘illness’ actually means. In turn, this pattern of tribal's beliefs influence how symptoms are recognised, to what they are attributed, and how they are interpreted, and this affects how and when health services are sought. Today, majority of the Indian tribes are facing various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Medical Sociologist/Anthropologists felt that the lack of optimal utilisation of modern health services by tribal people is due to a variety of socio-economic reasons. Among the most critical of these are issues of awareness and role of external agencies like the Govt. and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Many reputed NGOs have been working towards health issues of the tribal people. As far as an organic linkage with the tribal health is concerned, there is no basic service for a comprehensive health intervention attempt to understand tribal health culture as a sub-culture complex in developing a culturally suited healthcare delivery system especially for the tribal people of the country. Study about impact of NGOs on tribal health development covers a wide range of theoretical and geographic territory. Very little work, however, has entailed an in-depth analytical study of comparative emic perspectives of different factors influencing tribal health and impact of NGOs’ role and its outcome. This paper is based on the survey of various literatures and personnel experiences of the author to provide solid platform for discussion on current health issues of the tribes.

RESOLUSI KONFLIK TN TESSO NILO : TINJAUAN RELASI PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN DENGAN POWER STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS

Conflict in Tesso Nilo National Park (TNNP) involves many actors that threaten its existence as an area aimed to conserving the ecosystem to the survival of the sumatran elephant. This study finds significance when it can identify the actors and provide one approach to managing stakeholder relationships through the power stakeholder analysis (PSA). The study results shows the actors involved in this conflict are: TNNP institution, local communities, migrant communities, investors of oil palm plantations, cooperatives, bad apparatures, local government, law enforcer and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). TNNP, local government and law enforcer are on the quadrant with the characteristics of stakeholders who have the power and high potential. Stakeholders in this quadrant can do a collaboration in order to strengthen the management. Investor of oil palm plantation, the national land agency (BPN) and NGOs are actors who have high power but low potential. Management of relationships that can be offered is that TNNP withstands the pressure from oil palm plantation investors to invest in the region of TNNP and take action to mitigate the impact of NGOs and BPN different perspective. Local communities and migrant communities have high potentials but have low power. TNNP can increase their capacity in national park management.

The Influence of Elite Philanthropy on NGO Development in China

Scholars have explained the rise of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in China since the period of reform and opening in terms of a changing political and economic environment, NGO policy, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), and the influence of communications media and the Internet. This article proposes a new explanatory factor: the philanthropy of China’s new wealthy. Four cases are used to analyse the influences of the philanthropy of the wealthy on NGO development. The article proposes not only that the philanthropy of the wealthy provides funding and intellectual support for NGOs but also that the wealthy use their influence and social networks to increase the autonomy, capacity, sustainability and impact of NGOs in China.

Environmental Security and Governance at the Water–Energy Nexus: Greenpeace in China and India

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide an important resource to good governance involving complex issues of environmental security. We explore that role by looking at recent campaigns concerned with security at the coal–water nexus in India and China, undertaken by regional arms of Greenpeace, an important international NGO. We find that, at the national level, the impact of NGOs on environmental governance depends deeply on an organization’s relation to government. In China, Greenpeace East Asia serves the government’s interest by providing an external source of information on activities and perceptions at the provincial level. An NGO such as Greenpeace East Asia is perceived as valuable and is tolerated as long as it acts in accordance with the unwritten rules of engagement with the government, as practiced by domestic NGOs. Greenpeace India, by comparison, is one among many NGOs, tolerated as a matter of democratic principle, but suspect because of its international connections. Greenpeace India has yet to have a meaningful impact on governance at the coal–water nexus. Greenpeace East Asia, on the other hand, appears to have found a role that can impact environmental governance, but is dependent upon operating within bounds that are set by the Chinese model of government.

The Relationship between the State and the Non – Governmental Organizations

In some countries, we can identify different contributions of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to the development process. In a part of these countries, NGOs are weak in matter of project implementation or play more of an oppositional rather than operational role and governments are highly suspicious of them. A number of factors influence the development impact of NGOs; many of them are determined by the relationship between the State and the NGO sector. This article describes the characteristics of this relationship, focused on the attainment of governments ‘social objectives, collaboration between NGOs and the public sector and on issues that affect the efficacy if NGOs. It examines the main elements of legal framework and government practices which affect NGOs and which could foster a more conducive environment for positive NGO contribution to modernization. A review of the legal framework and the analysis of some relevant studies are proposed to examine these issues in a range of countries and with focus on Romania. In conclusion we will indicate areas of best practice related with good governance and participatory development.

After the Norm Cascade: NGO Mission Expansion and the Coalition for the International Criminal Court

The literature on transnational advocacy focuses on the battle for norm adoption, yet little is known about what happens to advocacy organizations after they succeed. Do they disband, take up another cause, or expand their mission? This article explores the organizational response of mission expansion through a case study of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court. The CICC--a prominent global coalition of local and international nongovernmental organizations--was instrumental in advocating for the formation and ratification of the Rome Statute, the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. Following the entry into of the Rome Statute, the CICC did not disband or shift issues, but instead expanded its advocacy efforts and began service provision on behalf of the ICC. KEYWORDS: International Criminal Court, international law. IN THE PAST DECADE, THE LITERATURE ON THE EFFECTS OF NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations (NGOs), advocacy networks, and transnational or global civil society has blossomed and scholars have shifted from arguing whether these organizations matter to how and when they matter. (1) Much of this literature focuses on the roles and impacts of NGOs and advocacy networks in the process of norm emergence and adoption. (2) Because of its increasing scope and influence in national and global affairs, transnational civil society has even been coined the third force in global politics. (3) While this burgeoning literature has grown in scope and sophistication, it exclusively focuses on the battle for norm adoption and overlooks what happens to the organizations after they succeed. The reason for this is that the literature assumes advocacy NGOs exercise their greatest impact on norm change during the early stages of norm emergence, where they share information, frame the issue, and place it on the agenda. (4) The impact of advocacy NGOs is greatly decreased in the later stage of norm internalization, which is mostly occupied by bureaucracy. (5) What do advocacy NGOs do after attaining their mission goals? Organizational theory predicts three possible outcomes that could occur once an organization's raison d'etre has been fulfilled. First, the organization could disband. This theory emerges from the political science organizational literature and is rooted in the ideas of functionalism. (6) In this view, organizations are instruments or tools of their creators formed for specific purposes. Once those purposes have been fulfilled, the organization is disbanded because it is no longer necessary. This functionalist approach applies to some NGOs that have definitive and attainable goals. Malaria No More, an organization that provides mosquito nets in malarial zones, and Out2Play, an organization that builds playgrounds in public elementary schools in New York City, both closed down after achieving their foundational goals. (7) Second, the organization could adapt its skill sets to a new emerging issue. This occurs because the marginal cost of maintaining the institution is less than the cost of creating a new one. Based on this economic costs model, the organization will change its mission if it can adapt the rules, procedures, and skills from one set of problems to another. For example, the March of Dimes did not disband when Jonas Salk discovered the vaccine to combat polio--it was able to transfer its fund-raising and organizational skills to a new issue, birth defects. This transfer of skills can also occur with large coalitions of NGOs. The International Campaign to Ban Landmines took up the related issue of cluster bombs after its success in banning landmines in the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and Their Destruction (Ottawa Treaty). Third, the organization _ could expand its mission. Mission expansion can either represent scaling up existing activities or expanding horizontally by adding related activities. …

Hegemonic Relationships: Donor Countries and NGOs in Western Balkan Post-Conflict Reconstruction

The impact of Non-Governmental Organizations’ reconstruction activities in Bosnia and Kosovo was largely determined by the nature and content of two dominant relationships. The first is the donor countries-International NGO (INGO) relationship. To grasp the importance of this relationship, it suffices to mention that, at the global level, donors give around five times more funds to INGOs (and more precisely to their own national NGOs) than to Local NGOs (LNGOs). The second is the International NGO-LNGO relationship. With respect to the first relationship, donor countries had a clear hegemonic position vis-à-vis INGOs. In turn, INGOs developed a hegemonic position towards LNGOs. These hegemonic relationships undermined the quality and effectiveness of aid disbursed and failed to promote the development of an open and democratic civil society. More interestingly, although most donors and INGOs got involved in the post-conflict reconstruction of both countries, very weak learning processes seem to have operated in the region. A comparative examination of the two reconstruction efforts reveals that the manifestation of many inefficiencies and failures was indeed even more acute in Kosovo than in Bosnia.