Impact Of Membership Research Articles

Роль Совета обучающихся в управлении образовательной организацией

The purpose of this research is to study the role of the Student Council in the management of the educational organization. The article analyzes the main tasks, the place in the structure of the educational organization, the formation and functionality of the Student Council, as well as interaction with representatives of the administration of the educational organization. The possibilities of improving the work of the Council of Students and increasing its effectiveness in the management of an educational organization are being determined. The impact of membership in the Council of Students on the personal qualities of students is revealed. The results of a survey of students on the importance of the Student Council and their possible role in it are presented. The possibilities of practical application of this research are to conduct seminars or trainings for members of the Student Council in order to increase their competencies and effective work, raise awareness among the administration of the educational organization, as well as create recommendations for improving the work of the Student Council.

Government Policy and Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives: A Case Study in Chitwan District, Nepal

Agricultural cooperatives are producer-owned and controlled organizations to improve farmers’ livelihoods by correcting market failure. They support collective activities where individual incentives are insufficient to produce public goods. The government of Nepal has been investing economic resources in this sector, prioritizing cooperatives as part of a strategy for poverty reduction. This study examines poor farmers’ access to agricultural cooperatives and the impact of membership on farm and total household income, based on a household survey of 572 households and key informant interviews of 37 cooperative managers. The ethnicity of the family and the neighborhood, smallholder land size, distance to an agricultural cooperative, distance to the nearest local market, and distance to a motorable road are key determinants that influence cooperative membership. The analysis of the effects of cooperative membership is based on propensity score matching, controlling for a large array of household and community characteristics. The estimates imply that cooperative membership may significantly affect family net crop income, but the overall effects on total family income are modest. Agricultural cooperatives appear to be focused on financial services such as savings and credit activities but are less concerned with agricultural production, and cooperatives engage in almost no marketing activities.

Does cooperative membership impact the yield and efficiency of smallholder farmers? Evidence from potato farmers in Mongolia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency.Design/methodology/approachA combination of propensity score matching technique and sample selection stochastic frontier framework that addresses potential selection bias due to observable and unobservable attributes is used to estimate the effect of participation between cooperative members and non-members. Using a stochastic meta-frontier approach, the technical efficiency of farmers was estimated and compared.FindingsThe empirical results show that the effect of participation in agricultural cooperatives is associated with increased yield and technical efficiency. A comparison of group-specific frontiers indicates that cooperative members perform better than non-members. Cooperative membership decisions is significantly associated with household and farm characteristics (e.g. education, participation in off-farm work, total farmland, distance to market and geographic location).Practical implicationsThe findings of this study demonstrate that cooperative organisations can be an important tool to enhance the productivity and efficiency of smallholder farmers. Successful cooperative models together with training programs designed to enlighten farmers on the importance and tangible benefits of collective action should be used to enlarge participation in cooperative organisations. In addition, governments and development agencies should implement targeted investment and capacity building programs related to irrigation management, gender-sensitive awareness and development of the internal institutional mechanisms in cooperatives for the transfer of knowledge and mutual learning so that all members benefit from cooperatives.Originality/valueDespite the pervasive evidence of the impact of cooperatives on productivity and technical efficiency in the Asian region, this study is probably the first attempt in the crop sector in Mongolia. It provides a rigorous empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency through a counterfactual design.

The Impact of Membership, Loan, with Transactions on a Rest of The Industry Results (SHU) Cooperative

This study aims to determine the effect of the number of loan and savings members on the remaining operating results in the Pindo Deli Karawang employee cooperative in 2008 - 2017. The methodsused in thissresearch is the descriptive verification methodswith a quantitativesapproach. This study uses data from the Pindo Deli Karawang Employee Cooperative for the period 2008 - 2017. This research is a time series type. The data obtained will be analyzed usingsmultiple linearsregression analysis through a partialstests(t-test), simultaneousstest (f test), and coefficientsof determinations(R² test) withsthe helpsof SPSS 22 software. Then, thissstudysusessasnon-probabilityssamplingstechniqueswithsa purposive sampling technique. for taking a sample. The research being tested is the number of members, loans and savings as independent variables and the remaining operating income (SHU) as the dependent variable. This research concentrates on financial accounting which is oriented towards financialestatements. Then, the populationsof this study, namely the Pindo Deli Karawang Employee Cooperative, and the sample of this study were financial statements for 10 years, namely from 2008 – 2017. The results of the study partially show that the number of members, loans, and savings partially have no effect on the remaining operating results of the Pindo Deli Karawang employee cooperative, but simultaneously the number of members, loans, and savings affect the remaining operating results, the value fcount > ftable ie 2,973 > 4.74. The significance value is 0.119 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination is 59.8%. This shows that the variable Number of Members, Loans, and Savings can affect the Remaining Profits of Cooperatives by 59.8% and the restsis influenced by othersvariables notsincludedsin the study.

The Impact of Membership in a Socially Responsible Index on Stock Prices: A Systemic Review of the Literature

ESG values are always at the heart of investors' concerns. Several studies have shown that company prices react to the publication of sustainability information. The objective of this work is to synthesize the existing empirical literature that evaluates the impact of additions/deletions of companies in a socially responsible index on their financial performance. The study was conducted on a number of 43 papers selected following a number of inclusion criteria over the period from 2010 to 2021. The papers were retrieved from widely recognized international databases, organized in Mendeley and transferred to NVIVO for textual analysis. We pursued this according to the methodological protocol proposed by Okoli (2015). The results of the systemic review prove that the majority of the studies confirmed the existence of a positive (negative) significant impact following the inclusion (exclusion) announcements.

The impact of membership on network performance of efficient, innovative and flexible manufacturing enterprises

Making full use of network member resources to improve performance has become a strategic choice for manufacturing enterprises. Based on the analysis of member relationship dimensions and manufacture enterprise network types, the influences among member relationship dimensions and their influences on network performance are discussed. The weighting indexes and standards are designed, and structural equation method is used to test the hypothesis. The following results can be obtained: member relationship dimension self-accelerating effects commonly exit, and “the communication’s influence on trust” has become the key for member relation optimization. Trust is important for all networks cooperation. The contract, trust and communication individually become the management key or efficiency, innovation and flexibility manufacturing network.

Disentangling the Impact of Civil Association Membership on Political Participation: Evidence from Swedish Panel Data

AbstractWhat is the effect of membership in civil associations on political participation? Membership has been linked to providing social capital and personal networks, which in turn help citizens more easily navigate politics. Yet this link is empirically complex, since politically interested individuals self-select into networks and associations. This research note addresses the impact of membership on different forms of political participation using a panel survey from Sweden that distinguishes between passive and active membership in various types of associations. The baseline results reaffirm a strong association between membership and political participation. The survey's panel dimension is exploited to reveal that earlier scholarship has likely overstated the robustness of membership's participatory effects. Rather, the remaining impact of association membership in the panel specification is mainly driven by types of associations for which the highest degree of selection behaviour is expected.

A mixed methods case study\xa0exploring the impact of membership of a multi-activity, multicentre community group on social wellbeing of older adults

BackgroundSocial wellbeing factors such as loneliness and social support have a major impact on the health of older adults and can contribute to physical and mental wellbeing. However, with increasing age, social contacts and social support typically decrease and levels of loneliness increase. Group social engagement appears to have additional benefits for the health of older adults compared to socialising individually with friends and family, but further research is required to confirm whether group activities can be beneficial for the social wellbeing of older adults.MethodsThis one-year longitudinal mixed methods study investigated the effect of joining a community group, offering a range of social and physical activities, on social wellbeing of adults with a mean age of 70. The study combined a quantitative survey assessing loneliness and social support (n = 28; three time-points, analysed using linear mixed models) and a qualitative focus group study (n = 11, analysed using thematic analysis) of members from Life Activities Clubs Victoria, Australia.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in loneliness (p = 0.023) and a trend toward an increase in social support (p = 0.056) in the first year after joining. The focus group confirmed these observations and suggested that social support may take longer than 1 year to develop. Focus groups also identified that group membership provided important opportunities for developing new and diverse social connections through shared interest and experience. These connections were key in improving the social wellbeing of members, especially in their sense of feeling supported or connected and less lonely. Participants agreed that increasing connections was especially beneficial following significant life events such as retirement, moving to a new house or partners becoming unwell.ConclusionsBecoming a member of a community group offering social and physical activities may improve social wellbeing in older adults, especially following significant life events such as retirement or moving-house, where social network changes. These results indicate that ageing policy and strategies would benefit from encouraging long-term participation in social groups to assist in adapting to changes that occur in later life and optimise healthy ageing.

CHINA’S REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MODEL “SOUTH-SOUTH”

The purpose of the article is to identify the foundations of China’s integration policy and the features of its integration agreements with developing countries, i.e. in the framework of the South- South model. The basis of the Chinese integration strategy is the principle of “big country morality”, which allows to assist developing countries with small territory and to a lesser extent proceed from accounting for the economic advantages of membership in an agreement (no wonder some agreements have the effect of deviating trade for the PRC). The developing countries are China's main partners in the integration agreements (12 out of 16). The article compares the norms of China's integration agreements with individual partner countries, and examines the impact of membership on Chinese foreign trade relations and identifies the most effective agreements. The main conclusions of the authors include the prevalence of the South-South model as bilateral agreements, the liberalization of trade in goods and services, the priority in signing agreements with the countries of Asia; relatively narrow scope and rarely include issues of protection of intellectual property rights, competition policy, ecology, public procurement; application of a flexible approach to the selection of partners for integration agreements and the content of agreements; more dynamic growth of China’s exports to partner countries on integration agreements; Integration agreements with ASEAN, the Republic of Korea and Pakistan became the most effective for the PRC.

The Philippines at the Crossroads to Economic Globalization

The 21st century New Economic Order (NEO) showed higher level of economic cooperation among nations. As a norm of International Economic Relations (IER), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement took effect in 1996. The study is a discussion of the conflict and agreement between domestic economic policies and the GATT/WTO from the point of view of Small and Medium Enterprise owners and managers. By applying the qualitative analytic descriptive method of research and the dualistic theory of international law, the study finds that GATT/WTO a) promotes fair competition, b) makes the manufacturing sector more competitive and c) boosts the economic development in the merchandising sector. The study showed that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of SMEs as regards the impact of membership of the Philippines to WTO/GATT. Being at the crossroad to economic globalization, the Philippines faces the challenges of; a) the need to highlight the congruence of national law and membership to GATT/WTO; b) putting up structures and mechanism for inclusive development; c) revisiting regional economic arrangements and d) countering regional terrorism. Nevertheless, the trajectory of economic model remains toward global trade cooperation.

The Impact of Membership in Strategic Alliances on the Profitability of Firms in the Retail Sector

Strategic alliances in the retail sector are based on cooperation in a variety of activities, ranging from supply and marketing to knowledge sharing and branding. For their members, they are a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Ever since the 1990s, a growing number of firms from the retail sector have attempted to improve their performance through participation in strategic alliances. The objective of this paper is to explore how participation in strategic alliances influences profitability of firms in the retail sector. A dynamic panel analysis is applied to the data on nearly 3,700 firms obtained from Amadeus, a large firm-level database, for eight countries (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary and Estonia) for the 2007–2012 period. The results of the investigation suggest that participation in strategic alliances positively influences a firm’s performance.

Участие Индии в региональных торговых соглашениях

The main objective of the proposed study is to identify the specifics of India’s participation in the regional trade agreements (RTAs), a comparative analysis of the main provisions of the RTAs and the impact of membership in the integration agreements on the country’s foreign trade relations. In the world economic literature there is no unity of opinions on the economic effect of the participation of states in RTAs. The author’s thesis is that the final effect of membership in the RTAs depends on the amount of customs duties on the date of signing the agreement (the higher they are, the greater the effect of trade creation), and also on the place of the partner country in the trade of another participating state (the greater is mutual turnover, the greater effect of trade creation). Of course, other factors affect, such as geographical proximity, transportation and other transaction costs. India’s participation in the regional trade agreements (RTA) was one of the tasks of implementing the policy “Look East”, which was approved in 1991. The countries of Southeast Asia have been identified as a regional priority, which was caused by the geo-strategic and economic reasons. Later, regional coverage has been extended to the countries of Northeast and South Asia because of increasing the role of China in the world economy and politics, which has become a strategic challenge and economic opportunities for the Indian economy. India is a participant of 13 RTAs, the majority of which are bilateral. In India’s integration practice, one of four types of RTAs is applied: (1) agreement on comprehensive economic partnership, which differ in the widest scope of mutual economic relations; (2) agreement on comprehensive economic cooperation; (3) free trade agreement; (4) preferential trade agreement. Most often, there is used classical integration model (of preferential or free trade area).Initially, the Indian policy of RTA dominated the political factor (taking into account the geographical proximity of the States), subsequently economic factor became the prevalent one. Most of the regional trade agreements, especially with developed countries (Japan, Republic of Korea and Singapore) entail trade diversion effect for India, which is particularly reflected in the reduction of the share of the RTA’s member countries in the Indian exports from 45.1% to 41.3% in 2005-2015. The growth rates of India’s exports to the partner states less than that for imports from RTAs members. At the same time, the effect of trade creation provide agreements with less developed countries as Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and Nepal. Lessons from the Indian practice of the RTA’s membership include: (1) the need for a more careful approach to choosing a potential partner; (2) the importance of a broad scope of issues of liberalization of mutual economic relations in order to obtain larger economic benefits for the Indian economy. The results of this study will contribute not only to acquaintance with the history and tendencies of India’s participation in RTAs, but also to a further deeper understanding of this form of cooperation of not only in India but also in the other states.

Abstract TP399: Ambulance Membership Impact on 911 Utilization for Prehospital Stroke Triage and Transport in a Rural Community

According to the American Heart and Stroke Association, 50% of people presenting to the emergency room with stroke symptoms arrive by private vehicle. Thrombolytic and interventional therapies offer significant clinical benefit, but require rapid prehospital stroke triage and delivery. The mode of transportation to the emergency department influences our ability to provide these therapies. Previous studies have identified factors that influence the utilization of 911 services. Information regarding ambulance service membership as a determinant for activating 911 is not well documented. Our 180 bed primary stroke center in rural Pennsylvania has been active in promoting community stroke education with an emphasis on activation of 911 at the onset of stroke symptoms. As part of our ongoing process improvement program, we found in 2014, 71% of stroke patients presented to our center by private vehicle. The purpose of this project is to determine the reasons for nonuse of 911 services including the role of ambulance service membership. Patient demographics were collected from Get With The Guidelines Stroke data base. We reviewed a sample population of 114 patients representing all those with a discharge diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack from January to June 2015. A standard questionaire of 16 variables was utilized and patients were contacted by telephone or postal service. Of the 57 responses received, 22 (39%) arrived by ambulance of which 19 (86%) were members of a community ambulance service verses 35 (61%) arrived by private vehicle of which 17 (49%) were members of a community ambulance service. In conclusion, the results suggest that in a rural environment, membership in a community ambulance service appears to increase utilization of 911 services for prehospital stroke triage and transport, which may translate into earlier treatment and better outcomes. Our goal is to continue to monitor this data and modify our community stroke education efforts to include the potential value of ambulance membership in the treatment of acute stroke.

Changes in the Local Government System and Regional Policy in Poland: The Impact of Membership in the European Union

Changes in the Local Government System and Regional Policy in Poland: The Impact of Membership in the European Union

The Company States Keep: International Economic Organizations and Investor Perceptions. By Julia Gray. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

How do countries establish a reputation for being creditworthy? Previous research focuses on the economic fundamentals, policy reforms, political environment, and past behavior. Julia Gray posits a new mechanism—peer effects. Through close association with low-risk countries, a government can improve its own reputation among investors. Likewise, the reputation of a country worsens when it hangs out in the wrong crowd. Membership in regional economic organizations provides the key forum for establishing a peer group in Gray’s book, and she presents comprehensive evidence that documents the impact of membership on sovereign credit risk. The argument is original and compelling, with profound implications for rethinking investor decisions and the informational role of international institutions. The deft use of evidence that ranges from sophisticated statistical analysis of bond yields to interviews of government officials sets a model for scholarship. In a novel twist, The Company States Keep highlights a role for institutions to provide information beyond the specific reforms that are demanded of entrants. In contrast to theories that argue that institutions help states make credible commitments to policy reforms, for Gray the partners in the organization are more important than the policies—a state with a high risk profile can in effect borrow credibility by virtue of its shared membership in an organization with other states that are low risk irrespective of whether the state implements extensive reforms. This argument relies on a view of investors who are flooded with information and seek cues to inform their credit valuations. Accession to regional economic organizations leads investors to place a government into a new category of risk level based on what they know about the other members of the organization. Is this an irrational investor decision? Not necessarily. Certainly the

Impact of membership in frankincense cooperative firms on rural income and poverty in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Rural households in northern Ethiopia had no access to frankincense production and trading. However, following the recent devolution of forest use-rights, rural communities in norther Ethiopia are getting access through organizing frankincense cooperatives. This study examines the effects of membership in the rural frankincense firms on income and poverty by applying instrumental variable, propensity score matching and Rosenbaum bounds methods on survey data from five rural villages in frankincense woodland areas of Northern Ethiopia. Results indicate that both membership and amount of households' investment in shares in the frankincense cooperative firms have statistically significant positive welfare impacts. The average treatment effect on the treated from matching methods for the welfare indicator variables (log-transformed household per adult equivalent income, poverty head count, poverty gap, and poverty severity) are robust against hidden bias arising from unobserved confounding variables that simultaneously affect assignment into frankincense forest cooperative firm membership and each of the welfare indicator variables.

Co-Offender Ties and the Criminal Career

Objectives: This study aims to assess three related aspects of co-offending networks: (1) the characteristics of co-offending groups and the duration of group offending careers, (2) the impact of membership in co-offending groups on total offending and the length of individual offending careers, and (3) the impact of offender arrest (or changes in co-offending group structure) on the offending patterns of connected co-offenders. Methods: Data on sentenced burglary offenders ( N = 270) in one county in Pennsylvania from 2001 to 2010 are used to examine the impact of co-offending group membership, as well as the relationship between the changing network structure and the offending patterns of connected co-offenders, within a two-level modeling framework. Results: Larger groups with more dispersed offending structures offend over the longest span. Additionally, membership in co-offending groups is associated with more total offending and a longer individual offending career. Finally, the arrest of structurally important offenders, compared to more peripheral offenders, is significantly associated with the decreased offending of connected co-offenders. Conclusions: The removal of a highly central “instigator” or “recruiter” is associated with desistance among connected co-offenders. Future research should examine the mechanisms behind these effects, and why the arrest of co-offending partners is associated with desistance.

Julia Gray. 2013. The Company States Keep: International Economic Organizations and Investor Perceptions (New York: Cambridge University Press)

Book Review of Julia Gray. 2013. The Company States Keep: International Economic Organizations and Investor Perceptions (New York: Cambridge University Press) J. Lawrence Broz The Review of International Organizations. Published online 10 April 2014 This excellent book is about the impact of membership in international economic organizations (IEOs) on sovereign credit risk. Gray’s key intuition is that membership changes in organizations like the European Union (EU) and Mercosur are public events; therefore, when the professional investment community observes such changes, they reassess the creditworthiness of sovereign borrowers. When, for example, a high risk country joins an organization composed primarily of low risk members, the entrant will be viewed more favorably by the investment community. In Gray’s terms, the entrant has joined a more prestigious “peer group” and is rewarded for this status upgrade with a lower interest rate. By the same token, the existing members of the organization, having added a riskier member into their ranks, will see an increase in their costs of borrowing, as investors sense that the peer group has been “diluted” by the new member. Sovereign credit risk is thus affected by “The Company States Keep.” There’s more to it that, however. Gray’s most remarkable claim is that the effect of membership on sovereign risk is independent of anything that the organization does or demands of its members. Organizations like the EU have rigorous accession requirements that aspiring entrants must meet. Such organizations also have laws and institutions that constrain their members’ policy flexibility, as well as enforcement mechanisms to ensure that members stay within the rules. Scholars of international organizations have studied these features in depth under the “legalism” and “rational design” frameworks. But Gray argues that institutional factors matter less to investor perceptions than the reputations of the national governments that populate international institutions. In this sense, Gray brings “the state” into the study of international organizations for the first time. To support the claim that the character of member states affects sovereign risk independently of institutional or other factors, Gray addresses a host of alternative arguments in her regressions. She controls for prior domestic reforms enacted as part of the requirements for entry, as well as for policy reforms made after a nation enters an organization. She also addresses selection bias and endogeneity, as well as the institutional features of IEOs that are commonly associated with rule enforcement and constraints on behavior. Remarkably, Gray finds that state membership matters above and beyond these other covariates. Her results imply that membership in international economic organizations is something like a brand name. If two countries were identical in every way except that one of them is a member of a “high-quality” international organization and the other is not, the former country would enjoy a lower interest rate than the other. Importantly, “high quality” refers not to the norms, laws, and institutions of the international economic organization. In the limit, the organization could be nothing but a meaningless placeholder. Instead, “high quality” refers to the reputations of the other members of the organization.

The reception of European Union law in Hungary: The Constitutional Court and the Hungarian judiciary

The reception of European Union law in Hungary has produced mixed results. The Constitutional Court, entangled in a jurisprudence which focuses primarily on the question whether it has competence under national law to address issues of EU law, has refrained from formulating a comprehensive account of the constitutional impact of membership in the European Union. The constitutional limits of membership remain obscure leaving the parameters of constitutional control following the principles of democracy, the rule of law and national sovereignty unspecified. The approach of the Hungarian judiciary, under the coordination of the Supreme Court, has been more ambitious. The basic tenets of the judicial application of European Union law have been secured in the jurisprudence, and Hungarian courts regard themselves equipped to interpret and apply EU law. There are indications, however, that the jurisprudence incorporated the relevant principles without sufficient care for legal detail and without regard to the qualifications and limitations of those principles in EU law. Instances of material misdirection in EU law also shed certain doubts over the performance of Hungarian courts.

Economic Implications of Turkey’s EU Membership: The Advantages of Tying One’s Hands

This paper is a stock-taking exercise that brings together existing findings and new insights on the potential costs and benefits of EU membership for both Turkey and the EU. As far as Turkey is concerned, we focus on the costs and benefits of EU membership that are likely to result from compliance with the so-called EU conditionality. As far as EU is concerned, we focus on the costs and benefits associated with budgetary contributions and migration. Overall, we conclude that the impact of membership is likely to be positive for both parties, but the risks and returns are associated. In other words, Turkey stands to gain more than the EU but it is also the party that will be faced with higher adjustment costs.