Impact Of Mega Sporting Events Research Articles

Gold, silver, and bronze: Measuring the impact of the Beijing 2008, London 2012, and Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics on crime

Despite the expanding research base around sporting events and crime, little is known about the impact of mega-sporting events, such as the Olympics, on crime. In this article, we seek to expand upon the small literature around mega-sporting events by examining police-recorded crime data for the period before, during, and after the Beijing 2008, London 2012, and Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic games both temporally and spatially. The analyses indicate that the effects of the Olympics on crime varies by location and crime type. All crimes significantly decreased in Olympic and non-Olympic related areas for Beijing, while only assault decreased in London regardless of geographic location. Increases were observed for robbery and bicycle theft in London and Rio de Janeiro, though only in Olympic areas. Our findings suggest mega-sporting events may have a differential effect on crime across cities as hundreds of thousands of tourists generate more offending opportunities at the Olympics.

Urbanization effect of mega sporting events using sentinel-2 satellite images: The case of the pyeongchang olympics

This study attempts to understand the impact of mega sporting events on local economies by identifying and comparing the urbanization and economic effects of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games. However, for an accurate evaluation of the effects of hosting the Winter Olympics, it is necessary to consider not only the ripple effect on the local economy but also the increased potential for urban growth from the expansion of social overhead capital. This study calculates the urbanization index and land cover ratio using Sentinel-2 satellite images to examine the urbanization from infrastructure construction for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. It additionally analyzes the changes in land price and tax revenue during this period to understand the economic effects of the Olympics, and verifies the correlation between urbanization and economic indicators. The study is unique in that it analyzes the impact of a national event on local communities using satellite image data and presents a comprehensive methodology to understand urban sustainability by monitoring urban changes.

Challenges and key factors in planning legacies of mega sporting events

PurposeSince the 1960s, the impact of mega sporting events on the built environment has become increasingly important, and the relationship between hosting cities and events increasingly complex and controversial. The outcomes of these mega-events, however, are very discouraging, especially in terms of the state of sports venues and event sites. In many cases, Olympic parks and event sites stand abandoned once the event is over, and sports facilities are often either closed or underutilized. The purpose of this paper is to identify replicable best practices and successful examples used in mega-events to transform events sites and venues into livable public open spaces (POS), enjoyed by the local communities.Design/methodology/approachThree cities were selected for this investigation: London, Sochi and Rio de Janeiro. London hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics, and this study focused particularly on its Olympic park, Queen Elizabeth Park. Sochi hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics but also some of the matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Rio de Janeiro hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics and also a part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Each case was investigated according to a methodology composed of interviews with experts, site visits, and analysis of the bidding book and post-event reports to check the consistency between promises and legacies.FindingsThe research identified a framework of six major elements that determine, or contrast, the long-term use of events sites and sport facilities, and highlighted some main attributes to consider in order to transform sporting event sites into livable and enjoyable open spaces. It is expected that this framework can be used as a guidance to deliver sustainable events and long-term legacies and to define a strategy for optimization of planning mega sport events.Practical implicationsMega events provide near-unique, fast track opportunities for urban transformation. This research can be used as guidance for the overall mega sporting events stakeholders, such as the IOC, FIFA, and local organizing committees, to identify replicable best practices and successful examples in the leverage of mega events to transform events sites and venues into livable POS.Originality/valueWhy is it so difficult to transform event sites and sport venues into livable areas of cities? What are the recurrent mistakes, issues, and challenges that hosting cities have to face? This research is unique as it aims at answering these questions by defining a framework of relevant factors for hosting cities to help them in the planning of mega sporting events. The research also highlighted some recurrent mistakes, such as the exorbitant costs of a mega event, the inability to keep the initial budget unchanged and the difficulty to adjust plans to local needs.

Impact of the Organisation of Mega Sporting Events on Selected Elements of the Tourism Sector

Abstract Introduction. In the world-wide literature, there is no unanimity in the assessment of the impact of mega sporting events on the tourism sector. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of mega sporting events on changes in tourist inflow and the amount of expenditure incurred by visitors. Material and methods. In this study, an ex-post analysis of many different categories of mega sporting events was carried out in the context of their impact on selected aspects of the tourism sector in host countries. The study examined events organised in the years 1996-2014 classified into one of four categories: the Summer Olympic Games (SOG), the Winter Olympic Games (WOG), the Football World Cup (FIFA), and the European Football Championship (UEFA). The approach adopted made it possible to analyse the impact of sporting events on the tourism sector over 15 years. Data on both the inflow of tourists and the expenditure generated by them were taken from a single source – reports of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Results. The results obtained are characterised by ambiguity, although the study identified the categories of sporting events and the sporting event phase in which clearly positive or negative effects on the tourism sector could be observed. Conclusions. The difficulty in confirming unambiguously positive, tangible effects on the tourism sector resulting from the organisation of mega sporting events makes it problematic to justify the commitment of large expenditure to preparing and conducting these events. It is necessary to look for other, intangible benefits related to the organisation of these events. It also seems appropriate to continue the research undertaken in the future on the basis of data disaggregated at the regional level.

The image impact of mega-sporting events perceived by international students and their behaviour intentions

Using Shanghai F1 as an example, this research seeks to examine the impact of mega-events on host city image from the perspective of international students. Leisure facilities and service were the most positive image impact perceived by the respondents, followed by affective city images as well as opportunities and convenience. International students tended to disagree that F1 would result in any crime and security problems and were unsure about any negative impact on environment and daily life. Some of the image factors were significantly related to intention to work in the city or the willingness to recommend the city.

World Class Cities for All Campaign—“This World Cup is not for us poor women”

abstract The World Class Cities For All (WCCA) Campaign was launched by StreetNet International to denounce the negative impact of mega sporting events on the lives of street vendors, the majority women, and to call for inclusive urban planning processes. The Reportback outlines the Campaign implementation in South Africa in the run up to the World Cup 2010 and in India, the Commonwealth Games, in October. It also examines how the WCCA Campaign was able to link national demands and actions focusing on the ban on trading in the exclusion zones around fan parks and calls for a xenophobic free World Cup with support from world renowned leaders Mary Robinson and Ela Bhatt to apply pressure on FIFA. The Reportback concludes with some lessons to be passed on to Brazilian street vendors and their allies as they prepare for the World Cup 2014.

Conditions for Hosting Mega-Sporting Events in Asia: Comparing Japan and India

This study examines the impact of mega-sporting events on business and economic growth by using Porter's competitive advantage diamond framework. Specifically, it comparatively analyses the differential impacts of mega-sporting events in two countries, viz. Japan and India — the main hosts, respectively, of the FIFA World Cup 2002 and the ICC Cricket World Cup 1996. The analysis led to the expectation that there are significant differences in the nature and direction of the impact such mega-sporting events have on the society and economy of these two nations. This qualitative analysis led to the formulation of a proposition anticipating differences in ex ante vs ex post impact between the two countries. The differential impacts of mega-sporting events on social and economic development, growth and infrastructure are explored. The study extends the comparison of these two nations and seeks to generalize the differences across developed vs emerging markets of Asia. Based on emerging markets literature, managerial implications are developed from the perspectives of the different ‘players’ in question in the respective markets.