Impact Of International Sanctions Research Articles

A Discourse on Economic Corridors: INSTC and Chabahar Port

This study investigates the concept and strategic significance of economic corridors, particularly focusing on India’s initiatives in Eurasia, including the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and Chabahar Port. The primary objective is to analyze how economic corridors serve as instruments for enhancing regional integration, economic growth, and geopolitical influence. Drawing from historical trade routes like the Silk Road, the research explores how modern corridors have evolved into critical drivers of global connectivity. The methodology employed includes a systematic review of academic literature, policy reports, and case studies on various economic corridors, with a particular emphasis on India's projects. The research further evaluates the infrastructure, trade facilitation, investment zones, and institutional cooperation involved in these corridors. The study also assesses social and environmental considerations, alongside an examination of ongoing developments in key Indian initiatives. The findings highlight the potential of economic corridors to significantly improve regional trade and integration, with the INSTC and Chabahar Port offering India strategic advantages in accessing new markets and counterbalancing regional competitors. However, the study also identifies challenges, including infrastructure bottlenecks, geopolitical tensions, and the impact of international sanctions, which may hinder the full realization of these corridors' potential.

The impact of international sanctions on income mobility: Evidence from Iran

The impact of international sanctions on income mobility: Evidence from Iran

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНИ У ВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article aims to examine the impact of military conflicts on the investment climate and dynamics of investment activity in Ukraine. It analyzes key factors influencing investors' decisions in times of armed conflict, such as political and economic instability, security risks, changes in the legal environment, and the impact of international sanctions. The study also explores measures taken by the state to attract and support investments during wartime. Using data analysis, investment dynamics in Ukraine, and comparative methods, the author seeks to identify the key factors affecting Ukraine's investment activity during periods of war and proposes strategies for preserving and attracting investments in challenging conditions of military conflicts. The article explores the dynamics of investment activity in Ukraine during periods of military conflict. It examines the impact of the conflict on the investment climate, investor behavior, and the overall economy. Today, the Ukrainian economy is experiencing unprecedented upheaval in its entire history. The full-scale military aggression by the occupying state has struck at every level of our country's economic system. Production of key goods, especially those forming the backbone of Ukraine's export potential, is dwindling. Additionally, ports are nearly closed, regional transportation, logistics, social, marketing, and engineering infrastructure are being destroyed. Due to the brain drain abroad and partial relocation to the western part of the country, hundreds of thousands, and even millions, of people are temporarily displaced from active economic life. Additionally, it discusses the strategies employed by the government and other stakeholders to mitigate the adverse effects of the conflict on investment and foster international integration. The Ukrainian economy and businesses are gradually recovering after nearly coming to a standstill in the initial days of hostile attacks. They are seeking new opportunities for development in extreme conditions and military tactics. Partially, this recovery involves resuming entrepreneurial activities in territories liberated from occupation, partially relocating production to safer regions, and partially a natural process of adaptation.

Rethinking the role of the Eurasian Economic Union in the conditions of sanctions

The purpose of the research is to critically analyze the main agreements within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the problems of their application under sanctions, to study the impact of sanctions on Kazakhstan's foreign trade through the prism of strategic trade control (STC), as well as to develop recommendations on minimizing the negative consequences of sanctions for Kazakhstani enterprises.Research methodology - the analysis of documents is applied, including agreements and the regulatory framework within the EAEU, previous research on the topic, as well as documentation on sanctions and positions of international actors. The analysis is carried out on various aspects, including international trade in goods, technical regulation, migration, re-export risks and logistics problems.Originality / value of the research. There are many studies in the scientific literature on the impact of international sanctions on individual countries, but there are no studies on the indirect impact of sanctions on the partners of a sub-sanctioned country, within a regional organization with a high degree of economic integration.Findings. Analysis shows that under the conditions of sanctions, the EAEU does not meet Kazakhstan's expectations from this regional organization in terms of economic benefits, and risks are created for Kazakhstani companies that need to be minimized with the use of measures at the state and intra-company level.

Impact of International Sanctions on the Socio-Economic Security of Regions

Since 2014, the problem of sanctions and counter-sanctions has not left the front pages of popular and scientific publications and most information resources. A large number of works by domestic and foreign authors, consulting agencies gave both positive and negative forecasts of the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the country’s economy as a whole. Over the course of 8 years, various types of sanctions were introduced that dealt an economic blow to both individuals and sectors of the economy and specific corporations that are represented in different regions of the country, which undoubtedly carries risks for the socio-economic security of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The subjects of the Russian Federation have a different structure of the economy and the level of socio-economic development, while the impact of sanctions on the level of socio-economic security of individual regions and the possibilities of leveling them have not yet been sufficiently investigated, which gives this topic high relevance. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of the sanctions and their impact on the socio-economic security of the regions. The work uses bibliographic, analytical, statistical and mathematical research methods, analyzes open statistical data in the context of the regions of the Volga Federal District (VFD). As a result of the study, an analysis of the degree of influence of sanctions pressure on the indicators of foreign trade operations, the availability of technologies, the level of overdue loans, and the financial results of companies’ activities was presented. As a result of the study, factors were identified that have a greater impact on the state of the regional economy, indicators, indicators and directions for reducing the impact of sanctions on the socio-economic security of the Volga Federal District regions.

The impact of international sanctions on the “Uberization” and sustainable development of public finances

The subject of the study is to minimize the risks of strengthening international financial sanctions on economic entities by building a decentralized mechanism for direct financing of budget recipients without the participation of the Federal Treasury in Russia, while ensuring that the payer fulfills its obligations and control over the targeted use of funds. The relevance of the study is to consider this mechanism in the context of international sanctions and as an alternative to a one-time collection from large businesses (windfall tax or tax on excessive profits of past years). The actuality is also confirmed by the use of the principle of “uberization” of relations between public finance entities, while the effectiveness and the need of “uberization” has already been confirmed in business practice. It is established that the financing of part of government spendings through such an alternative mechanism as “Uber” will reduce the sanctions risks for representatives of the business community. In the course of the study, specific examples of projects funded from the federal budget were analyzed, and these projects could first of all be transferred to the proposed new budget pilot financing mechanism. The conclusion is made about the efficiency of the proposed concept and the need for its further elaboration within the increased number 1) of enterprises and organizations directly financing the budget system expenditures on this electronic platform, and 2) of social, cultural and scientific projects financed with its help, gradually “uberizing” an increasing segment of budget financing.

The impact of international sanctions on the development of the concept of sustainable transport

The article deals with the impact of the current socio-economic situation caused by the introduction of international sanctions and the cessation of transnational cooperation in many areas, including transport and logistics ecosystems. At the same time, the task of ecologization of the transport industry and its sustainable development is urgent for each state. Within the framework of existing strategies for the development of national transport complexes, a set of measures aimed at implementing the concept of sustainable transport is being implemented.

The impact of international sanctions on innovation of target countries

AbstractThis paper mainly presents a complete analysis of the impact of such sanctions on the innovation performance of target countries by exploiting the difference‐in‐differences method for panel data of 91 countries in the period 1988–2016. The empirical results confirm a significantly negative impact of overall international sanctions on innovation in the target countries; moreover, except for noneconomic sanctions, other types of sanctions have a negative impact on the level of innovation in the target countries to varying degrees. These findings are also supported by two semiparametric matchings: artificially matching according to the two factors of geographical location and land area respectively and the propensity score matching, one nonparametric matching: entropy balancing, as well as the system generalized method of moments estimates that account for any bias due to lagged dependent variables. This paper also shows that the significantly negative effect of international sanctions is manifested in the countries with high levels of trade openness, globalization, and democracy, but not in the countries with low levels of trade openness, globalization, and democracy. Our empirical findings merit particular attention from policy‐makers in target countries.

ВПЛИВ МІЖНАРОДНИХ САНКЦІЙ НА ЕКОНОМІКУ РОСІЇ

The international sanctions that have been introduced by the countries of the world against Russia since the beginning of its military invasion of Ukraine are investigated. The most common types of restrictions are considered. The countries that introduced the largest number of sanctions are given. The main sectoral sanctions against Russia by countries of the world are given. The impact of international sanctions on the Russian economy is analyzed. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that after the introduction of sanctions, Russia lost Western technologies and trade preferences, there are restrictions on the international financial market, inflation is growing rapidly, the volume of foreign and domestic trade is decreasing, international companies have withdrawn from the Russian market, unemployment is increasing. It was emphasized that the sanctions against Russia are working and causing economic losses, but much less than expected and it will take more time to achieve the desired effect. The Russian economy is experiencing a sharp contraction this year. International sanctions are beginning to act in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Russian economy will have a recession after the international sanctions. The information base of the article is presented by analytical reports of international organizations and statistical data. The research was carried out with implementation of general scientific methods: system analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, and comparison.

Burundi: International Pressure and Counter-Sanctional Maneuvering of Ruling Elites

Using the example of one of the poorest and economically most vulnerable states in the world – the Republic of Burundi – the article examines the impact of international sanctions on foreign and domestic policy as well as upon the economic situation in sovereign states of African. The author demonstrates that, despite the severe destructive consequences of the economic and political sanctions of external players, the use of restrictive regimes against “recalcitrant” actors of interstate relations does not automatically lead to a change in their line of behaviour or to the downfall of the ruling regimes. As the example of Burundi shows, even in the conditions of the poorest country in the world, well-thought-out political maneuvering and reasonable use of available resources can allow the targeted state and its elites to remain in power indefinitely and to maintain the political status quo.

China-North Korea merchandise trade and tourism industry relationship in stage 2017-2019 under the impact of International sanctions

Since 2017, the United Nations has strengthened the economic sanctions on North Korea. Many countries have stopped trading with North Korea, causing the economic certain difficulties. China has become a trade and tourism partner that accounting for almost all of the country's foreign currency earning. That had gone on until the beginning of 2020 when North Korea locked its borders to avoid the Covid-19 epidemic. North Korea is essentially famous for having published a quite relatively little information about themselves and being nicknamed “The Hermit Kingdom” due theirs policies. Therefore, the article will analyze mirror data from countries, then compare it with the actual situation of North Korea to assess the reliability of the data. Moreover, providing information on transport routes is major contributor to China-North Korea. Thereby, drawing comments on China-North Korea merchandise trade and tourism industry relationship in that stage and proving North Korean economic adaptation under International sanctions. The author also suggests polices to reach the North Korean development of self-reliance economics.

The impact of international sanctions on Jersey trust structures

Abstract Sanctions issued by the United Nations, USA and European Union are at the top of the risk agenda, particularly for financial institutions. This trend is set to be continued by the post-Brexit UK following its passing of the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 which, among other things, enables the UK to enact its own autonomous sanctions. Consistent with its commitment to meeting international standards, Jersey has a legal framework which supports the implementation of such sanctions.

Внешняя торговля КНДР: влияние санкций

The author analyzes the dynamics and structure of DPRK’s foreign trade, as well as the impact of international sanctions. Currently, in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions, sanctions include a complete ban on the country’s main export goods, restrictions on the import of petroleum products and the use of North Korean labor abroad. International sanctions and the aggravation of the North and South relations had a significant negative effect on the DPRK’s foreign trade. Until 2013, there was a positive trend, but the tightening of sanctions and nullification of trade with the Republic of Korea led to the collapse of export-import operations. The possibility of restoring the DPRK’s foreign economic relations and developing cooperation with Russia is closely linked to resolving the nuclear issue and lifting international sanctions.

The Impact of International Sanctions on Russian Financial Markets

Russia’s international comportment and geostrategic moves, particularly the invasion of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, caused a substantial change in its international economic and political relations. In response to Russia’s invasion, the United States of America, the European Union, and their allies imposed a series of sanctions. In this study, by applying an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to daily logarithmic returns of the ruble exchange rate and the closing price index of the Russian Trading System, we analyze how the returns and volatility of the exchange rate and the stock price index responded to the sanctions and oil price changes. The estimation results show that the sanctions have a significant positive short-term impact on exchange rate returns. Economic sanctions have a significant negative long-term impact on the returns and variance of the exchange rate and a significant positive long-term impact on the returns of the stock price index. Financial sanctions have a positive/negative long-term impact on the returns of the exchange rate/stock price index and a positive long-term impact on the variance of the exchange rate and the stock price index. Corporate sanctions have a positive long-term impact on exchange rate returns.

The impact of international sanctions on energy security

This study first investigates different types of sanctions on energy security by employing data from a panel of target countries covering the period 1996–2014 and using the panel fixed effect model. Our evidence indicates that international sanctions do significantly negatively influence the energy security of target countries in some cases. Specifically, unilateral sanctions, U.S. sanctions, economic sanctions, and the intensity of sanctions have a significantly negative impact on energy security. However, plurilateral sanctions, EU sanctions, UN sanctions, and non-economic sanctions have no significant impact on the energy security of target countries. The results of endogeneity concerns are also consistent with the results of the basic regression analysis. Overall, our empirical findings merit particular attention from policy makers of target countries to ensure their energy security when facing international sanctions.

Assessing the Impact of International Sanctions on Russian Economy Sectors Using Network Modeling

This study presents the results of the economic modeling of commodity export flows from the Russian Federation in 2012–2016.Aim. The study aims to assess the direct and indirect effects of the US and European sanctions on export flows from Russia.Tasks. The authors collect the necessary data and carry out modeling using modern analysis methods to obtain a complete picture of the effects of sanctions on Russia, including a quantitative assessment of these effects.Methods. The modeling is based on network analysis, which was selected after consulting a wide range of scientific works and examining possible alternative methodological approaches to the problem under consideration.Results. The authors successfully complete network modeling for the major export commodity groups of the Russian Federation: aluminum, gas, and oil (including crude oil); formulate and test the hypothesis of Russia’s changing role in international trade as a result of sanctions; summarize the results of the model calculations of the aggregate effects of sanctions pressure on the export of the major commodity groups from Russia.Conclusion. In general, sanctions pressure has an obvious negative impact on the Russian economy, but the timeframe and scope of this impact are not up to the original estimates of the US and the European countries that introduced these sanctions.

The Impact of International Sanctions on Russia’s Media Economy

To punish Russia for the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, the United States and the European Union introduced a set of economic sanctions against Russian state companies and individuals closely affiliated with the Kremlin. The goal of this article is to look at the sanctions in relation to the process of the current consolidation of media assets and revenues in the hands of Russia’s biggest media empires, most of whom are close to the Kremlin. It questions whether the sanctions achieved the intended goal of undermining economic stability inside Russia or if, rather, they benefitted major state-aligned media corporations. The main conclusion drawn from the study is that the international sanctions have radically changed the structure of Russia’s media in a manner contrary to their intention. The sanctions unwittingly favored the biggest players to the detriment of the smaller, protecting state-aligned media and their financial incomes. In the climate of sanctions, media tycoons close to the Kremlin used their lobbying capacity in parliament to acquire advantages, primarily in terms of advertisement. Thus, smaller competitors were pushed out of the market and their shares were redistributed among a few major stakeholders.

Financial Sanctions

The article considers the impact of international sanctions on Russia's banking sector and economic policy. The author concludes that the effect of the sanctions on credit and deposit markets has been asymmetric. In particular, the increase of deposit interest rates has been more moderate, due to substantial weakening in the retail funding base since 2013 and the growing reliance of banks on the support of the Central Bank of Russia. The banking sector is beginning to show signs of a growing dependence on government banks, which may compromise the quality of economic growth.

Western European Immigration Policy: Implications and Lessons for Russia

This study explores the experience of West European migration policy and the opportunities for its application inRussia. The increase in migratory flows requires new approaches to policy-making. In addition experienceaddress these problems illustrates the ambiguity of ways to their solution. The purpose of this study is toestablish a causal relationship, identification of key trends in the development of this phenomenon as migrationin the context of globalization, the analysis of potential challenges for Russia on the basis of foreign experience.Also addresses the issue of the possible impact of international sanctions against Russia for the furtherdevelopment of policies towards migrants.

Financial Sanctions: Consequencesfor Russia’s Economy and Economic Policy

The article considers the impact of international sanctions on the landscape of the Russian banking sector as well as on the economic policy framework. The author concludes that the effect of sanctions on bank lending and funding markets has been asymmetric: in particular, the increase of deposit interest rates has been considerably more moderate, resulting from substantial weakening in the retail funding base since 2013 as well as from the support provided by the Bank of Russia. The key consequence is the strengthening of state banks, which could generate risks for the quality of economic growth.