Impact Of International Migration Research Articles

Impact of international migration on the economy of Ukraine

Impact of international migration on the economy of Ukraine

Impact of international migration on intergenerational educational mobility in migrant sending households: does socio-economic status matter?

Impact of international migration on intergenerational educational mobility in migrant sending households: does socio-economic status matter?

Manpower Recruitment Agencies in Nepal

The daily exodus of an increasing number of Nepali to many foreign nations has a significant economic influence on the country. It is not a new phenomenon in Nepal for people to migrate outside to seek work. Still, it is a relatively new practice in Nepal to facilitate overseas migration through employment agencies. Nepal's liberal democratic atmosphere, openness, and the nationwide spread of the Maoist insurgency contributed to a dramatic rise in transnational movements in the country midway through the 2000s. Over this period, there was a notable increase in the number of Nepalis using brokering agencies and their agents to help them migrate out of Nepal, mostly to non-traditional locations in India. Moving further from mere focusing on impact of international migration on migrants and their family members, this article discusses the distinguishing features and nature of recruitment agencies that facilitate the worldwide migration of foreign workers from Nepal. This article is based on research that looked at companies that help workers migrate outside of Nepal through migrant recruiting. Since these groups are a part of global networks that assist individuals travelling across borders, their actions have made it simpler to turn Nepalis into commodities on the global market stage. To gain an understanding of the nuances of the topic and to derive meaning from the raw data, the study relied mainly on primary and ethnographic data that were subsequently processed thematically.

Impact of internal migration on household energy poverty: Empirical evidence from rural China

Reducing energy poverty has been recognized as an effective way to eliminate overall poverty and achieve sustainable development for individuals, which are two major global challenges. This study investigated how migration affected household energy poverty in rural China. Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies, we adopted the instrumental variable method to examine the causal relationship between internal migration and energy poverty and probe its mechanisms. We found that internal migration significantly reduced the likelihood of family energy poverty. Specifically, the probability of energy poverty in a family with labor migration was 13.1% lower than in a family without labor migration, and the probability of energy poverty decreased by 6.4% when each additional laborer in the family migrated. Furthermore, a heterogeneity analysis revealed that labor migration had a particularly significant impact on families in central and western regions and villages near counties. Migration also plays amore important role for low-income households with less-educatedmale heads. The mechanism analysis revealed that labor migration could reduce the probability of family energy poverty by increasing family income, which outweighed the negative effects of the increased share of elderly and children left behind by migration. These findings offer important policy insights for countries undergoing development and transformation.

Examining the Nonstationary Spatial Association Between International Migration and Vulnerable Older People Living Alone in Mexico

Research on the intersection of migration and ageing is becoming increasingly relevant as older populations grow in developing countries. Understanding the challenges faced by older people, who are often left behind due to their vulnerable position, is essential for policy-making. This research examines the geographical variation in the impact of international migration on the living alone status of older people in Mexico, particularly those most at risk. The following municipal-level information was obtained from the 2020 Census: international migration, living alone, receipt of remittances, and disability. Using geographically weighted regressions, we found geographical variations in the association between international migration and living alone or being more vulnerable. Controlling for socio-demographic factors, in the southern states international migration is associated with a reduction in the proportion of adults living alone and greater vulnerability due to disability or lack of support from other households. This relationship holds for both men and women. However, in some border regions the proportion of older adults living alone and experiencing greater vulnerability increases with increasing migration, especially for women.

The Impact of international migration on South Africa as a developing economy

ABSTRACT The complexity and the impact of international migration on developing economies have grown to be a global phenomenon that cannot be ignored. Natural disasters, human-made disasters such as conflicts as well as political and economic instabilities in countries are at the centre of international migration. The receiving countries can have positive contributions from migration and face the glaring realities of providing social services to their citizenry and the migrants. South Africa is not an exception to this impasse. Among other challenges experienced by developing countries linked to international migration are overpopulation growth, rising unemployment and poverty levels, poor infrastructure and low lifestyle quality. Therefore, the purpose of this conceptual paper was to analyse the impact of international migration on developing economies with specific reference to South Africa. The study used secondary data comprising existing literature and legislative and policy documents related to international migration for both domestic and international migration. The information collected from the secondary data was analysed and used as the basis to give the view and the study in its conclusion. The study aimed at contributing to the body of knowledge and the shaping of policy perspectives for both policy makers and development actors in South Africa, and to broaden the understanding of how governments from both receiving and the sending countries deal with international migration. The study provided an important foundation upon which further large-scale research could be developed on international migration, especially on its impact on developing economies like South Africa.

Impact of Migration on Non-Migrant School Completion Rates and Enrolment in South Africa

South Africa struggles with low secondary school completion rates and this has a negative effect on poverty and inequality. In this study, we examine the relationship between internal migration (international migrants were excluded) and non-migrant educational outcomes (secondary school enrolment and completion rates) in South Africa between 1996 and 2011. We use census data for the years 1996, 2001 and 2011 (at the district and municipal levels) in several linear probability regression models that include the First Difference (FD) and System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) with instrumental variables. The 2011 census is the latest available in South Africa now. We find that internal migrants have a positive effect on both enrolment and completion rates of non-migrants. These results vary in intensity depending on the level of education of both internal migrant and non-migrant household heads. These results have implications for the local labour market and for income inequality in South Africa; internal migrants provide positive peer effects that contribute to raising non-migration enrolment and completion. Internal migrants also provide job market competition which influences non-migrants to complete secondary schooling. There is scant empirical evidence on the impact of internal migration on education outcomes in African countries, especially in South Africa. Our paper provides evidence from a country with a history of persistent internal migration. Most prior research has focused on the relationship between immigration and education outcomes in the developed world. We recommend that government improves secondary school quality in rural and urban areas and increase study loans for students at tertiary institutions.

Impact of International Migration on the Socio-Economic Well-being of Afghan Refugees: A Study Conducted on the Refugees in Peshawar, KPK

Armed conflict, brutality, and political unrest have recently caused internal migration and displacements worldwide. During the past ten years, refugees have emerged as the world's fastest-growing demographic. Afghanistan has been an epicentre of political disabilities, civil and military conflicts, and scores of natural and man-made disasters including the recent 20 years of turmoil. A consequence of the turmoil is the huge number of Afghan refugees scaling to be the largest number of refugees around the world. The purpose of the study is to know the Socio-Economic well-being of Afghan Refugees after the migration towards Pakistan. The Universe of the study was Peshawar District of KPK Province. The study was quantitative in nature. Multistage sampling technique was used to collect the data from the refugees residing in Peshawar district. The result revealed that the situation of Afghan Refugees was better. Most of the Afghan Refugees were agreed that their socio-economic condition was improved. Most of the refugees had opinion that there were lot of cultural similarities with the culture of KPK that is why they got settled earlier and their well-being had not affected badly.

Impact of internal migration on the economic well‐being of local workers and school dropouts among children in Vietnam

AbstractThis study examines the impact of migration on local workers and high school dropouts of local students. A conventional approach without addressing the endogeneity issue may lead to biased results. Our endogeneity‐corrected estimates show a positive impact of migration on the monthly wages of local workers. A higher share of migrants increases the probability of local workers with employment contracts, social insurance, and holiday pay. Heterogeneity analysis shows that local workers, no matter their educational level, work experience, or occupation sectors, benefit from the inflow of migrants. Finally, migration inflow lowers the probability of high school dropouts among local students. Our findings resulting from rigorous statistical approaches suggest that internal migration produces positive impacts on the economic well‐being of local residents, refuting the argument about the adverse effects associated with internal migration.

Meaning and Experience of International Migration in Black African South African Families.

This article explores the experiences of some Black South African families affected by international migration. Historically, emigration from South Africa has occurred in waves, and has been associated with specific political moments. Such migration has often been perceived as a predominantly “White phenomenon”, but recent trends reveal a more complex picture. Prior research on Black migration has focused primarily on internal labour migration, exilic migration and the “brain drain” phenomenon of medical professionals. So far, little research has been done on the impact of international outward migration on the Black family system. This article addresses this gap, drawing on a larger qualitative project exploring the impact of South African emigration on elderly family members staying behind. The findings highlight the significance of close relational ties in the Black South African family system. Familial separation through emigration brings feelings of loss and apprehension for the wellbeing of family members living abroad, including potential racism in destination countries. Migrants abroad highlighted the value of family and of maintaining a Black South African identity, despite separation from the country of origin and the extended family. Significantly, migration is often perceived as a temporary state, in contrast to White South African counterparts. Given increased international migration, the results shed light on the interplay between racial identity and emigration, and the impact of international migration by Black South Africans on family that they leave behind.

The positive association between internal migration and hospitalization among the older adults in China: Regional heterogeneity and chronic disease management.

BackgroundPost-retirement migrants are rapidly increasing in China, but the impact of internal migration on hospitalization among older adults remains under-researched. Understanding this impact is essential for health policies development and improvement. This study aims to identify the most vulnerable population, evaluate the association between migration and hospitalization, and discuss potential causes of the association.Methods14,478 older adults were extracted from the 2018 to 2019 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database and divided into four groups according to migration experience and age at migration: non-migrants, pre-adulthood migrants, pre-retirement migrants, and post-retirement migrants. Post-retirement migrants were key research subjects. We employed Pearson's chi-square test to compare group differences in outcome and covariates, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between migration and hospitalization by regions and chronic conditions.ResultsSignificant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, health habits, and health-related factors. Post-retirement migrants displayed following characteristics: female predominance (61.6%; 1,472/2,391), tending toward urban areas (80.9%; 1,935/2,391), and the highest prevalence rate of chronic disease (46.7%; 1,116/2,391). Urban migrants in eastern China were more likely to be hospitalized (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.27–2.15), especially those who were diagnosed with chronic disease (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04–2.19) or with unconfirmed chronic conditions (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.36–2.89).ConclusionsInternal migration is associated with the hospitalization of post-retirement migrants moving to eastern China. Improved chronic disease management and early interventions might lower the hospitalization. Effective policies should be formulated to reduce the disparity in primary care services across China, thereby facilitating the access of migrants to these services.

Internal Migration and Crime in Brazil

Research suggests that the social effects of internal migration may be substantially different from those associated with international immigration. In this paper, I provide the first evidence of the effect of internal migration on crime with panel data from Brazilian microregiões (microregions). Using local labor demand shocks as an instrumental variable, I find that a 10% increase in the in-migration rate translates to a 9.4% increase in the homicide rate in destination areas. I propose that the effect is driven by intermediating labor market effects and not by the migrants themselves. Exploring these possible channels, I do not find that crime-prone migrants drive the results. The effect is only significant in locations with high past crime rates, indicating crime inertia, and in places with a small informal sector, suggesting that the impact of internal migration is conditioned by the ability of local labor markets to accommodate migrants. This finding is supported by a negative effect of in-migration on formal employment in rigid markets and a positive effect on unemployment among young men, with the latter explaining most of the total effect.

How Do Global Migration Patterns Present New Challenges for Nation States?

In today’s world, countries are increasingly interconnected and their interdependence is obviously growing. Migration has taken on a distinctly contemporary character as people move more frequently. The current global migration patterns not only have some beneficial effects on nation states, but also poses new challenges to them. For example, developing countries are losing their talent. The structure of international illegal immigration is more complex and its identity is increasingly ambiguous. International migration, especially irregular migration, poses security challenges (territorial, public and cultural) to nation states. However, the study has found that the impact of international migration on security is both objective and subjective.

The Effect of Remittance on Consumption and Household Assets in Indonesia

International migration is the process of moving people from one country to another. There is a close relationship between migration and consumption behavior. Migration can be considered as an alternative to improve consumption patterns. The impact of international migration is quite large for the area of origin, one of which is the flow of remittances for the area of origin. Remittance also increases the welfare of recipient households that can increase their income and consumption. This study uses panel data sourced from Indonesian Family life Survey (IFLS) 4 and 5 in 2007 and 2014. using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. results show Ordinary Least Square (OLS) that remittances are significant and have a positive relationship with food consumption, non-food and total food and ownership of assets

Spatial Analysis of the Relationship Between Internal Migration, Education, and Growth in Turkey

People have to migrate to find better jobs, survive for various reasons such as war, famine, and environmental factors, in other words, to have better living conditions. The impact of internal migration, which is considered to be an economic efficiency factor, on growth has been the subject of a limited number of studies. There are conflicting results in these studies regarding the effects of internal migration on growth. In addition, the studies ignore that growth and internal migration is a spatial phenomenon. In this context, the effect of internal migration on growth in Turkey for 2017 is investigated by spatial regression analysis based on 81 provinces. In addition to internal migration, the education variable was also taken into account in the analyzes. However, since it is important whether immigrants are skill-biased or not, the interaction variable is also used to represent the skill-biased labor force in the study. The interaction variable was obtained by multiplying internal migration and educational variables. As a result, spatial dependence exists and is important, both drawing visual attention from maps and the situation in question is supported by the Moran I Index and LM tests. The spatial lag model was found to be appropriate. According to the appropriate model determined, the impact of internal migration and education on growth was statistically significant and positive. It can be concluded that as the internal migration and education level increase, the growth of the provinces also increases. The interaction variable obtained by multiplying internal migration and education was also found to be statistically significant and positive. However, it seems that the interaction variable is greater in absolute magnitude than the education alone or internal migration alone variable. This shows that internal migration significantly increases growth when skills are biased.

The Impact of International Migration on Skills Supply and Demand in South Africa

This study investigated the demographic, education and labour market characteristics of three groups: (1) immigrants into South Africa; (2) natives who remained in the country; (3) emigrants into the top five destination countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and USA). The empirical findings were used to examine the extent of migration to and from the country, from the perspectives of skills supply and demand. Emigrants were most educated, enjoyed the lowest unemployment probability (about 10%), and were most likely to be involved in high-paying skilled occupations and tertiary sector activities as full-time employees (if employed). The immigrants fared worse than the emigrants but better than natives. These immigrants, mainly originating from the other African countries, were slightly more educated, but enjoyed higher LFPR (75%) and lower unemployment likelihood (20%), compared with the natives (55% and 30% respectively). Furthermore, for both above-mentioned two groups, they were distinguished into long-term, medium-term and short-term migrants, and it was found that long-term migrants fared relatively better in the labour markets of their respective host countries. Overall, the findings strongly indicated brain drain out of South Africa, and exodus of highly educated and skilled people is not complemented by a rapid increase of supply of equally educated and skilled labour force entrants in the country. The study recommended four policy suggestions: ease up regulations to attract skilled immigrants, promote entrepreneurial activities of immigrants, better develop and retain skills of the natives, improve migration and vacancy data capture, availability, usage and analysis.

The Impact of International Migration and the Third Childbirth Event in Egypt using the Simultaneous Hazard Model

The Impact of International Migration and the Third Childbirth Event in Egypt using the Simultaneous Hazard Model

Marriage Egyptian Style: The Impact of International Migration on Marriage Payments

Marriage Egyptian Style: The Impact of International Migration on Marriage Payments

Differences between Chinese Adolescent Immigrants and Adolescent Non-Immigrants in Hong Kong: Perceived Psychosocial Attributes, School Environment and Characteristics of Hong Kong Adolescents.

Although the impact of immigration on adolescent developmental outcomes has received extensive scholarly attention, the impact of internal migration, particularly in the Chinese context, on adolescents’ psychosocial development has not been scientifically investigated. This study examined whether mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants (N = 590) and adolescent non-immigrants (n = 1798) differed on: (a) psychosocial attributes indexed by character traits, well-being, social behavior, and views on child development, (b) perceived school environment, and (c) perceptions of characteristics of Hong Kong adolescents. Consistent with the healthy migration hypothesis, Hong Kong adolescents and mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants did not differ on most of the outcomes; Chinese adolescent immigrants showed higher perceived moral character, empathy, and social trust than did Hong Kong adolescent non-immigrants. Chinese adolescent immigrants also showed more favorable perceptions of the school environment and moral character, social trust and social responsibility of adolescents in Hong Kong. This pioneer Chinese study provides support for the healthy immigration hypothesis (immigration paradox hypothesis) but not the immigration morbidity hypothesis within the specific sociocultural context of Hong Kong in China.

The Impact of International Migration on Inclusive Growth: A Review

International migration is an important channel of material improvement for individuals and their offspring. The movement of people across country borders, especially from less developed to richer countries, has a substantial impact in several dimensions. First, it affects the migrants themselves by allowing them to achieve higher income as a result of their higher productivity in the destination country. It also increases the expected income for their offspring. Second, it affects the destination country through the impact on labor markets, productivity, innovation, demographic structure, fiscal balance, and criminality. Third, it can have a significant impact on the countries of origin. It may lead to loss of human capital, but it also creates a flow of remittances and increases international connections in the form of trade, FDI, and technological transfers. This paper surveys our understanding of how migration affects growth and inequality through the impact on migrants themselves as well as on the destination and origin countries.