Impact Of Inflammatory Disease Research Articles

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential of Chromolaena odorata: A Review

Inflammatory diseases have affected a large proportion of the population worldwide, and inflammation is a major risk factor for several dangerous disease pathologies. The increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have prompted research into pharmacological strategies to deal with them. Chromolaena odorata is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, analgesic, and as a wound-healing agent. Therefore, this review aimed to obtain a comprehensive review of the anti-inflammatory activity of Chromolaena odorata. This review provides evidence in the literature for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Chromolaena odorata, from 2010 to 2021. Three bibliographic databases were used as primary sources of information (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). The keywords in this research were "Anti-inflammatory", "Analgesic" and "Chromolaena odorata". A total of 7 studies were included in this review according to the required criteria, 3 of which were in vitro studies and 4 in vivo studies.Pharmacological studies reported that Chromolaena odorata was proven to have anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO, NF-κβ, p38 MAPK, IL-1β, TNF-α, suppressed leukocyte cell migration, reduced of edema and Chromolaena odorata also was shown analgesic activity through significantly reduced stomach writhing and reduction pain sensation in rats. This review explains the potential importance of Chromolaena odorata as a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta Blocks Colitis and Hastens Recovery While Colitis Has Minimal Impact on Expulsion of the Cestode from the Mouse Host.

Two experimental paradigms were adopted to explore host–helminth interactions involved in the regulation of colitis and to understand if colitis affects the outcome of helminth infection. First, male BALB/c mice infected with H. diminuta were challenged 4 days later with dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) and necropsied 3 days later. Second, mice were infected with H. diminuta 3 days after DNBS treatment and necropsied 11 or 14 days post-DNBS. Mice were assessed for colitic disease severity and infectivity with H. diminuta upon necropsy. Supporting the concept of helminth therapy, mice are protected from DNBS–colitis when infected with H. diminuta only 4 days previously, along with parallel increases in splenic production of Th2 cytokines. In the treatment regimen, H. diminuta infection produced a subtle, statistically significant, enhanced recovery from DNBS. Mice regained body weight quicker, had normalized colon lengths, and showed no overt signs of disease, in comparison to the DNBS-only mice, some of which displayed signs of mild disease at 14 days post-DNBS. Unexpectedly, colitis did not affect the hosts’ anti-worm response. The impact of inflammatory disease on helminth infection is deserving of study in a variety of models as auto-inflammatory diseases emerge in world regions where parasitic helminths are endemic.

Pengaruh Penghambatan Enzim Siklooksigenase-2 dan Aktivitas Antiinflamasi dari Ekstrak Daun Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue damage that mediated by Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. The enhancement incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have encouraged the search for new pharmacological strategies to overcome the problem. Ketumbar (Coriandrumsativum L.) has been traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, thus giving chance for anti-inflammatory studies. This study aims to determine the ethanol extract of Ketumbar (Coriandrumsativum L.) leaves anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect on COX-2 enzyme. This study uses male wistar rats with 180–220 g body weights. The rats is divided into six groups by the dose of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW; positive control (Carrageenan 1%); negative control (Na. CMC 0,5%); and comparative group (Celecoxib 9 mg/kg BW). Determining the anti-inflammatory activity, the oedema formation is measured using a plethysmometer and the inhibition activity is determined by ELISA methods. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Ketumbar leaves by the dose of 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW was significantly inhibitted COX-2 valued 65,61%, 76,83%, and 62,93%. The anti-inflammatory activity was shown by inhibiting oedema valued of 62.26%, 70.59%, and 54.90% respectively. These findings suggested that the ethanol extract of Ketumbar leaves had anti-inflammatory activity, that was possibly mediated through inhibition of COX-2 enzymes

MicroRNA-155 Implication in M1 Polarization and the Impact in Inflammatory Diseases.

Macrophages are known to have an impact in cytokine signaling in the myriad of organs in which they reside and are classically known to be either pro-inflammatory (M1), anti-inflammatory (M2). Different classes of signaling molecules influence these states, of which, microRNAs represent key modulators. These are short RNA species approximately 21 to 23 nucleotides long that generally act by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs, regulating their translation, and, thus, the quantity of protein they encode. From these species, microRNA-155 was observed to be of great importance for M1 polarization. Because of it’s major implication in M1 polarization microRNA-155 was shown to be implicated in different inflammatory diseases. To name a few, microRNA-155 was shown to be modified in patients with asthma and to correlate with asthma symptoms in mouse model; it has been shown to modulate the activity of foam cells and influence the dimensions of the atherosclerotic plaque and it has also been shown to be of crucial influence in transducing the signal of LPS in septic shock. Because of this, the current review aims to offer an overview of the role of microRNA-155 in M1 polarization, the implication that this poses for the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases and the potential therapeutic possibilities that this knowledge might bring. Currently, microRNA-155 has been used in clinical trials as a marker of inflammation, but the question remains if it’s inhibition will be useful in inflammatory diseases, as other products might have a better cost/benefit ratio.

Abstract 3772: A multi-scale survey to assess the impact of inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity and prostate cancer severity

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer detected in men (181,000 annual cases), and nearly 26,000 American men die each year due to PCa and related complications. Reports have shown that PCa is more aggressive when its comorbid with inflammatory diseases. However, the correlations and risks attributed to inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity and oncophenotypes are not known. Methods: To investigate how inflammatory pathways and PCa genes induce aggressive oncophenotypes in the setting of PCa, we have compiled a multiscale survey that includes data from surgical observations, inflammatory phenotypes, clinical registries, biomarkers and mouse models. We applied an integrative informatics approach with experimental validation to understand the associations between inflammatory diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, collagenous colitis, indeterminate colitis, ischemic colitis, diverticulitis, hernia, etc.) and PCa. Results: We found distinct patterns of shared molecular features—gene sets, pathways, and networks—and comorbidities across inflammatory disease and PCa. For example, we found that diverticulitis tend to increase inflammation in the abdominal cavity and could potentially lead to aggressive prostate oncophenotypes. To test abdominal inflammation and PCa correlation, we induced inflammation in a mouse model of hiatus hernia, which resulted in an increase in the expression of the combined markers of inflammation and PCa (TGFB, TNFA, and IL6). Evaluation of pathology stage, Gleason scores and physical attributes of previous inflammation observed during robotic prostatectomy surgery also reveals trend towards aggressive tumor characteristics with an increase in inflammation. Gene-set overlap analyses showed that several inflammatory disease and prostate cancer genes share genetic modules. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings provide the first set of computational, experimental and clinical evidence to recommend clinicians to evaluate the impact of inflammatory disease induced oncophenotypes in patients with PCa. Given that 1.3 million patients undergo prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-triggered invasive trans-rectal biopsy, the present findings in combination with PSA could facilitate the identification patient subset with aggressive cancer. Stratifying patients at risk for prostate cancer who are undergoing surgical interventions of abdominal cavity for inflammation diseases could also evaluate other non-surgical or therapeutic strategies. Funding acknowledgements: AKT is supported by grants from Prostate Cancer Foundation and Deane Prostate Health. JT is supported by grants from National Cancer Institute NCI-U54-CA189201-02, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences NCATS-UL1TR000067 and Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA). Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Khader Shameer, Kamlesh Kumar Yadav, Li Li, Shalini S. Yadav, Benjamin Glicksberg, Irtaza Khan, Kipp W. Johnson, Marcus A. Badgeley, Cordelia Elaiho, Ben Readhead, Brian A. Kidd, Andrew Kasarskis, Joel T. Dudley, Ashutosh K. Tewari. A multi-scale survey to assess the impact of inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity and prostate cancer severity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3772. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3772

Defining TNFα-, IFNγ- and IFNγ-induced gene expression profiles in human monocytes to estimate their cytokine-specific impact in inflammatory diseases

Cytokines contribute to the host defence by an overall tuning of the immune system. Nevertheless, an excessive and uncontrolled production of proinflammatory cytokines can be responsible for the onset and...

Impact of inflammatory disease on the nerve microenvironment

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a distinctive anatomic organization that may contribute to its unique physiology as well as vulnerability to certain types of disease. The enclosure of bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers by a semi-rigid and semi-permeable connective tissue sheath creates physiological compartments that are served by transperineurial and intrafascicular vessels but are devoid of lymphatic channels. Unlike tissues drained by lymphatics, interstitial fluid in the PNS flows from proximal to distal regions, propelled by positive endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP). There is a proximo-distal gradient from the dorsal root ganglia and roots to the extraganglionic nerves where the pressure is significantly lower [1]. EFP in the ganglia and roots is nearly twice as high as in the extraganglionic nerves. From the higher pressure in spinal fluid to the relatively low pressure in the sciatic fluid, a downward gradient continues until the nerve ending. At that point, the perineurium terminates as an ensheathing sleeve, and the normal slightly negative interstitial fluid pressure of the extraneural interstitium prevails. This gradient continues into the lymphatic channels where negative fluid pressure is greatest. The endoneurial microenvironment is sensitive to