Impact Of Histological Subtype Research Articles

Impact of Histological Subtypes on Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas

Introduction: Parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography are the primary imaging methods used for localizing parathyroid adenomas. However, there remains a risk of missed or failed localization. This study aims to investigate the relationship between clinical and pathological findings in patients with parathyroid adenoma, focusing on the causes behind missed adenomas and localization failures. Patients and Methods: We analyzed the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenomas. Additionally, we reassessed the adenomas' pathologic characteristics, including size, weight, dominant cell type, and the percentage of oxyphilic cells. Results: A total of 115 patients were studied, with dominant cell types distributed as follows: 83 (71.6%) conventional chief cells, 15 (12.9%) water-clear cells, and 17 (14.7%) oxyphilic cells. The average percentage of oxyphilic cells was 21.15%. The localization rate via ultrasonography was significantly lower in the water-clear cell group (p < 0.05). While not statistically significant, the localization success using scintigraphy was lower in the oxyphilic cell group compared to others (58.8% vs. 80.7% and 86.7%). Our findings suggest that histological subtypes of parathyroid adenomas, particularly dominant cell content, may affect preoperative localization success. Conclusion: Missed parathyroid adenomas may be attributed to their histological subtypes and dominant cell composition. These factors could influence the accuracy of preoperative localization with ultrasonography and scintigraphy.

High-risk histology endometrial cancer and mismatch repair status: The impact of histologic subtype and MLH1 hypermethylation on outcomes

High-risk histology endometrial cancer and mismatch repair status: The impact of histologic subtype and MLH1 hypermethylation on outcomes

The impact of histological subtype on postoperative recurrence pattern and timing in locally advanced esophagogastric junction cancer

PurposeThe differences in tumor behavior between adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) have yet to be well investigated. The purpose of this study was to gain insights that can contribute to tailored treatments and follow-up strategies by analyzing the correlation between histological subtypes and oncological outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was used to determine the characteristics of the histological subtypes of EGJ cancer by comparing the appearance of postoperative recurrence. A total of 102 consecutive patients with pathological stage IIA to IVA EGJ cancer, who underwent R0 surgery in our department from 2004 to 2020, were enrolled. The recurrence pattern, timing, survival, and potential prognostic factors were compared.ResultsAfter a median follow-up time of 70.1 months, the AC group demonstrated comparable lymph node failure-free survival (P = 0.291) and significantly worse non-lymphogenous recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035) than did the SCC group. A significantly longer period from surgery to recurrence was also observed in the AC group (P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis indicated that histological subtype (P = 0.015, 95% CI 1.24–7.28) was significantly correlated with the incidence of non-lymphogenous recurrence.ConclusionsThe pattern and timing of postoperative recurrence were significantly different between the histological subtypes of EGJ cancer. Compared with EGJ SCC, EGJ AC may have a greater tendency toward non-lymphogenous progression and a greater propensity for longer surgery-to-recurrence periods.

311P The forgotten tumor: Impact of histological subtype on overall survival of patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma in the Mexican population

311P The forgotten tumor: Impact of histological subtype on overall survival of patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma in the Mexican population

The impact of histologic subtype on primary site surgery in the management of metastatic lobular versus ductal breast cancer: a population based study from the National Cancer Database (NCDB)

PurposePrimary site surgery for metastatic breast cancer improves local control but does not impact overall survival. Whether histologic subtype influences patient selection for surgery is unknown. Given differences in surgical management between early-stage lobular versus ductal disease, we evaluated the impact of histology on primary site surgery in patients with metastatic breast cancer.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2010–2016) was queried for patients with stage IV HR-positive, HER2-negative invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We compared clinicopathologic features, primary site surgery rates, and outcomes by histologic subtype. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with and without propensity score matching were used for overall survival (OS) analyses.ResultsIn 25,294 patients, primary site surgery was slightly but significantly less common in the 6,123 patients with ILC compared to the 19,171 patients with IDC (26.9% versus 28.8%, p = 0.004). Those with ILC were less likely to receive chemotherapy (41.3% versus 47.4%, p < 0.0001) or radiotherapy (29.1% versus 37.9%, p < 0.0001), and had shorter OS. While mastectomy rates were similar, those with ILC who underwent lumpectomy had significantly higher positive margin rates (ILC 15.7% versus IDC 11.2%, p = 0.025). In both groups, the odds of undergoing surgery decreased over time, and were higher in younger patients with T2/T3 tumors and higher nodal burden.ConclusionLobular histology is associated with less primary site surgery, higher positive margin rates, less radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and shorter OS compared to those with HR-positive HER2-negative IDC. These findings support the need for ILC-specific data and treatment approaches in the setting of metastatic disease.

The effects of chemotherapy, primary tumor location and histological subtype on the survival of stage III colon cancer patients

ObjectiveColon cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment strategy for stage III CC patients. Primary tumor location (PTL) is an important factor for the long-term survival of CC. However, the difference in the prognosis between the histological subtypes of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and nonspecific adenocarcinoma (AC) in stage III CC patients is unclear. The correlation of chemotherapy, PTL and histological subtype with the overall survival (OS) of stage III CC patients has not yet been explored.MethodsPatients diagnosed with stage III CC from 2010 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were retrieved. The clinicopathological features and OS were analyzed according to the chemotherapy, PTL and histological subtype.ResultsA total of 28,765 eligible stage III CC patients were enrolled in this study. The results showed that chemotherapy, left-sided CC (LCC) and AC were favorable prognostic factors for OS. Right-sided CC (RCC) had worse OS than LCC regardless of chemotherapy. MAC had worse OS than AC in the patients with chemotherapy, but the survival benefits disappeared in the patients without chemotherapy. Additionally, in LCC, MAC had worse OS than AC regardless of chemotherapy. However, in RCC, MAC had worse OS than AC in patients with chemotherapy but had similar OS to AC in patients without chemotherapy. In the AC group, RCC had worse OS than LCC regardless of chemotherapy. In the MAC group, RCC had comparable OS to LCC regardless of chemotherapy. Four subgroups, i.e., RCC/MAC, RCC/AC, LCC/MAC and LCC/AC, all showed benefits from chemotherapy. Among them, LCC/AC had the best OS, and RCC/MAC had the worst OS compared with the other three subgroups.ConclusionThe prognosis of MAC is worse than that of AC in stage III CC. LCC/AC has the best OS, while RCC/MAC has the worst OS but still benefits from chemotherapy. The impact of chemotherapy on survival is greater than that of histological subtype, but the impact of histological subtype on survival is similar to that of PTL.

The impact of histological subtypes on stage at presentation and overall survival of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A nationwide cohort analysis

The impact of histological subtypes on stage at presentation and overall survival of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A nationwide cohort analysis

Impact of histological subtype on radiological and pathological response after neoadjuvant radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma

BackgroundEvaluation of response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) does not consider soft tissue sarcoma (STS) heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate radiological and pathological response of 4 major histotypes. MethodsExtremity or trunk STS patients who received 50 Gy NART between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively included. Relative variation in tumor size (RVTS) and pathological response were reported in the overall population and in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) and synovial sarcoma (SS) patients to identify response modalities of each histotype. ResultsAmong the 121 included patients, 49, 19, 13 and 11 presented UPS, MFS, MLS and SS. Median RVTS were 0% (IQR -18-+18), +8% (IQR 0-+24), −12% (IQR -20–3) and −11% (IQR -15–9), respectively (p = 0.001). Median viable cells were 10%, 60%, 20% and 70% (p = 0.007). In overall population, pathological complete response and median necrosis were 27.7% and 10% without significant correlation to histotype (p = 0.18 and 0.06). Nineteen (38.8%) UPS specimens presented cysts that were emptied during the sampling process and distorted the microscopic response evaluation. Infiltrative growth pattern was observed in 28% and 38.9% UPS and MFS patients. Five (38.5%) MLS presented mature adipocytes without proven prognostic value. Cysts were observed in 36% of SS specimens. In the absence of initial tumor limits, the great viable cellularity of SS may be overestimated by their nodular aspect. ConclusionAfter NART, we highlighted disparate response of UPS, frequent progression of MFS, and confirmed MLS and SS radiosensitivity. Response must be interpreted with caution and consider the histotype-specific patterns.

The Impact of Histological Subtype on Survival Outcome of Patients with Stage IIB-IVA Cervical Cancer Who Received Definitive Radiotherapy.

The impact of histologic subtype on definitive radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer remains unclear. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess clinicopathological findings and clinical outcome by histological type in patients with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer. Ninety-two patients with stage IIB-IVA [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2008] cervical cancer, who underwent definitive radiotherapy between 2013 to 2018, were identified as eligible for this study. The clinical information of the eligible patients was obtained from medical records of our hospital. Seventy-eight patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and the remaining 14 patients received radiotherapy alone. Of 92 patients, 83 had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 9 had non-SCC histology. Progression-free survival (PFS) rate of patients with non-SCC was significantly worse than of those with SCC (2-year PFS: 62.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.0020), but overall survival (OS) rate did not statistically differ between the two subtypes (2-year OS: 82.4% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.2157). Pelvic failure-free (PFF) rate of patients with non-SCC histology was significantly worse than of those with non-SCC (2-year PFF; 88.2% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, non-SCC histology was associated with PFS rate, although there was no association with OS rate. In multivariate analysis, non-SCC histology and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for shorter PFS. In patients with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy, patients with non-SCC showed significantly worse PFS rate than those with SCC.

Impact of histological subtype on the response to chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer and the possible role of surgery.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in developing countries, second only to breast cancer, with more than 450.000 new cases every year. Romania has the highest incidence of cervical cancer in Europe; more than four times the incidence found in Western Europe. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy is considered in most countries the gold standard for locally advanced cervical cancer. In Romania, if downstaging occurs after radiotherapy, adjuvant surgery is routinely performed. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the rate of residual cancer in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent surgery after concurrent chemoradiotherapy and to determine the impact of tumor histological subtype on the chemoradiotherapy response. Of a total of 461 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer that underwent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant surgery, 254 had a partial response defined as the presence of residual tumor at pathology examination. Depending on the histological subtype of the cervical cancer, partial response was obtained in 50.6% of squamous cell carcinoma cases and in 77.6% of adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma cases. The present study demonstrated that cervical cancer patients with adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas had a significantly poorer treatment response to chemoradiotherapy than those with squamous cell carcinomas. We consider that in such cases where residual tumor is present, adjuvant surgery is mandatory for improving the survival rates.

The Impact of Histologic Subtype on Receipt of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Overall Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy (AT) on resected colon adenocarcinoma based on histologic subtype is poorly defined and extrapolated from patients with advanced disease. We evaluated the receipt and effect of AT on overall survival stratified by histologic subtype-mucinous, non-mucinous, and signet ring adenocarcinomas. A retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2015 was conducted using the National Cancer Database. Patients with colon adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection with pathologic stage III were included. Appendiceal and rectal tumors were excluded. The predictor variable was histologic subtype, and outcome variables were overall survival and receipt of AT. Absolute survival was increased for mucinous, non-mucinous, and signet ring tumors with receipt of AT (88.1, 108.9, and 38.1months, respectively). In multivariable analysis, there was no difference in overall survival for mucinous patients relative to non-mucinous patients. In subgroup analysis, a modest survival advantage for non-mucinous patients relative to the mucinous patients was observed (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95). In multivariable modeling, non-mucinous and signet ring adenocarcinoma had decreased odds of receipt of AT relative to mucinous adenocarcinoma patients. Histologic subtype is an important prognostic factor for overall survival for stage III colon adenocarcinoma. Although the magnitude of the benefit of AT may vary in stage III curatively resected patients, it has a substantial survival benefit across all histologic subtypes. Based on these observations, there is no indication that patients with stage III mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon should not receive AT. All patients with resected stage III colon cancer should be referred for AT regardless of histologic subtype.

Impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer.

The effect of the histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer (CC) is not completely understood. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 2004-2014 database was used to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing colon resection for classical adenocarcinoma (CA), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC), and signet-cell adenocarcinoma (SC). A total of 153 317 (89%) patients had CA, 16 660 (10%) MUC while 1810 (1%) patients had SC subtype. Patients with MUC and SC more frequently had a poorly differentiated CC and were more likely to present with advanced disease compared with CA patients (P < 0.001). Patients with CA had a 5-year OS of 62% versus 55% and 34% for patients with MUC and SC subtypes, respectively (P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, site of cancer, tumor grade, and TNM stage were associated with prognosis (all P < 0.001). After controlling for these risk factors, patients with MUC (HR, 1.09, P < 0.001) and SC (HR, 1.47, P < 0.001) had a roughly 10% and 50% increased hazard of death, respectively, compared with CA patients. MUC and SC are distinct subtypes of CC associated with a worse prognosis. These data can help inform discussion about prognosis and possibly direct adjuvant management.

Does histology dictate outcomes of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma with complete pathological response following neoadjuvant chemoradiation?

Introduction Complete pathological response (pCR) is an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACTRT). Various studies have reported pCR rates of approximately 15–25%. Various predictive factors of pCR are described and these include tumor size, histological subtype, clinical stage at presentation, negative circumferential resection margin (CRM), different neoadjuvant regimen, and interval between NACTRT and surgery. Some histological subtypes like signet cell have historically been associated with poor outcome. However, there is no study that analyzes the impact of histological subtype after pCR has been achieved. We intended to assess the impact of histological subtype on long-term outcome in patients who have achieved pCR.

The impact of histological subtype in developing both ovarian and endometrial cancer: A longstanding nationwide incidence study

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC) separately, as well as double cancers diagnosed in the same calendar year, and to relate the occurrences to histological subtype. Study designAll cases of epithelial OC and EC diagnosed in the Netherlands in 1989–2009 were related to population data. Histologically specific associations were made using the ratio of observed and expected incidence numbers, calculated with age-specific incidence rates. Results25,489 OC and 32,729 EC were analyzed, and 649 OC/EC. Life-time risks for OC and EC were 1.8% and 2.4%. Among OC, adenocarcinoma (18%) and serous cancers (33%) were the most prevalent subtypes. In EC, adenocarcinoma (39%) and endometrioid cancer (37%) were highest, with hardly any serous cancers. The observed incidence of OC/EC was 50-fold higher than expected (95% CI, 46–54). For patients aged <55years, the O/E ratio was 274, for the elderly 32, both findings are significant. Of the 2345 OC endometrioid subtype, 294 had EC (12.5%), whereas 1.1 was expected. In EC patients, no particular histological subtype was distinguished with a highly elevated occurrence of OC. The 680 serous EC patients had 11 double cancers (1.6%), of which 8 with the ovarian serous subtype. ConclusionStrong relationships exist between malignancies in the ovary and a second primary malignancy in the endometrium, especially for the endometrioid subtype of ovarian cancer. Viewed from the endometrial site, no special subtype was noted, and the influence of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma in developing serous OC is not plausible.

Prognostic factors of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck in carbon-ion radiotherapy: The impact of histological subtypes

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of histological subtypes of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) on the results of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). Material and methodsOf the 113 patients with ACC who were treated with CIRT between December 2006 and July 2013, 100 patients with identified histological subtypes were enrolled in this study. CIRT at a total dose of 57.6 or 64.0Gy (RBE) was administered in 16 fractions. Histological grading was defined as the presence or absence of a solid growth pattern. ResultsMedian follow-up was 60 months. 5-Year local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) of all patients were 68.6%, 74.8% and 65.7%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the prescribed dose (p=0.001) and gross tumor volume (p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for LC. No significant difference for local control of solid/non-solid growth patterns was found (p=0.093). Solid growth pattern was an independent risk factor for both OS (p=0.033) and DMFS (p=0.024). ConclusionsCIRT appears able to locally control solid growth pattern ACC in the head and neck. Improved intervention is needed to extend DMFS and OS.

EP-1246: Definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: the impact of histological subtypes on survival

EP-1246: Definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: the impact of histological subtypes on survival

Impact of histologic subtype on bladder cancer outcome.

391 Background: Variant histology is increasingly recognized but its impact on outcomes is less well known compared to urothelial carcinoma (UC). We aim to evaluate the impact of variant histology on bladder cancer outcomes using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), a U.S. population-based cohort capturing approximately 70% of newly diagnosed cancer cases. Methods: We identified patients with bladder cancer from 2004 to 2013 treated with radical cystectomy. We compared clinical and pathologic characteristics between those with UC and those with variant histology. Chi-square test was utilized for categorical variables and Independent Samples t-test for continuous variables. Multivariable Cox regression was used with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify independent predictors of overall survival. Results: A total of 40,918 patients were identified with mean age 67 years, with male (75%) and Caucasian (90.9%) predominance. Median follow-up was 36.9 months (IQR 16.1-67.5). Squamous cell carcinoma (4.4%), small cell carcinoma (1.6%) and micropapillary (0.9%) were the most common variant histologies. Variant histology was found more commonly in women (35.6% vs 23.4%, p &lt; 0.05), black (8.8% vs 5.6%, p &lt; 0.05), stage pT3 or T4 (67% vs 50.2%, p &lt; 0.05) and node positive (30.8% vs 26.9%, p &lt; 0.05). In adjusted models squamous cell carcinoma (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.4), small cell carcinoma (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.8) and black ethnicity (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.2) were independent predictors of increased mortality risk while micropapillary was associated with decreased risk (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0) after controlling for age, gender, surgical margin status, pathologic T stage, pathologic N stage and history of chemotherapy. All associations remained statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Non-urothelial histology was associated with worse overall survival in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy; however, contrary to some previous reports, micropapillary variant was associated with lower risk of death. In addition, black ethnicity was associated with worse survival. Further investigation is needed to explore the impact of variant histology as well as other socioeconomic factors on survival after cystectomy.

The impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma

The impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma

P3.01-022 Impact of Histologic Subtype and Spread through Air Spaces (STAS) in Stage III (N2) Lung Adenocarcinoma: Topic: Morphology

Approximately 15% of patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is present with stage III (N2) disease. The patient prognosis after complete resection for pathological N2 NSCLC remains a significant concern. Currently, the new World Health Organization classification of lung cancers was revised and newly prescribed to describe the presence of each histologic subtype in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and the Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between histologic subtype and patient outcome, especially for metastatic lymph node, and clinicopathologic features of STAS in stage III (N2) lung ADC according to new WHO classification retrospectively. All available tumor slides from patients with pathological N2, surgically resected lung ADC (1998-2013) were reviewed. Each tumor was evaluated by comprehensive histologic subtyping according to new WHO classification, and the percentage of each histologic component was recorded in 5% increments. We reviewed the histologic subtype in the N2 lymph nodes and relationship between main tumor and N2 lymph nodes. Recurrence-free probability (RFP) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. 78 patients met inclusion criteria (55% men; median age: 68yrs; 76 stageIIIA/2 stageIIIB, 77 lobectomy). The 5-year RFP and OS in N2 lung ADC were 27.8%, 66.8%, respectively. The histologic subtypes such as acinar, micropapillary and solid components in the main tumor were significantly seen in the N2 lymph nodes (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). STAS was identified in 48 patients (61.5%) and significantly associated with recurrence (5-year RFP: 18.4% vs. 43.8%, P < 0.05). STAS was significantly associated with presence of micropapillary component (≥ 5%) and lymphatic invasion in the main tumor (P < 0.001). Presence of acinar, micropapillary and solid component in the main tumor are associated with metastasizing to lymph nodes. Presence of STAS was significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence in stage III (N2) lung adenocarcinoma.

Impact of histologic subtype and sarcomatoid transformation on metastasis in renal cell carcinoma: a single institute experience in 149 patients.

To compare the metastatic pattern and outcome of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC), and to assess the impact of sarcomatoid transformation on the disease spread and prognosis. This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included 149 consecutive patients (108 men; mean age 58 years; range 25-86) with metastatic RCC (ccRCC = 116, pRCC = 33), identified from imaging database. All available imaging studies and electronic records of these patients were reviewed to document pathological features, distribution and timing of metastasis, and survival. The metastatic pattern and survival was first compared between the ccRCC and pRCC groups, and then between those with and without sarcomatoid transformation; all 27 cases of sarcomatoid transformation occurred in the ccRCC group. Metastases were noted at presentation in 62 (42%) and after median 13 months in the remaining 87 (58%) patients. Lymph nodes (134/149), lung (125/149), and bone (60/149) were the most common metastatic sites, which did not differ between the RCC subtypes. Pancreatic (p = 0.0014) and renal (p = 0.046) metastases were more common in ccRCC, lymphangitic spread (p = 0.0003) and peritoneal metastasis (p = 0.039) more common in pRCC. In ccRCC, sarcomatoid transformation was associated with high-grade tumors (p < 0.0001), more frequently demonstrated lymphangitic (p = 0.016), pleural (p = 0.0018), and peritoneal metastases (p = 0.0002), and had shorter metastasis-free survival and overall survival (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). In the absence of sarcomatoid transformation, ccRCC had longer metastasis-free interval (median 22 months compared to 6 months) (p = 0.0238) and overall survival (median survival 48 months vs. 25 months) (p = 0.0193) compared to pRCC. Histologic subtype, as well as the presence of sarcomatoid transformation, affects the metastatic pattern and metastasis-free survival of RCC. In the absence of sarcomatoid transformation, ccRCC has a better outcome than pRCC.