Impact Of Governance Reforms Research Articles

Addressing brain drain and strengthening governance for advancing government readiness in artificial intelligence (AI)

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of brain drain on government AI readiness in EU member countries, considering the distinctive governance characteristics, macroeconomic conditions and varying levels of ICT specialists.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs a dynamic panel data model using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to analyze the relationship between brain drain and government AI readiness from 2018 to 2022. The study incorporates various control variables such as GDP per capita growth, government expenditure growth, employed ICT specialists and several governance indicators.FindingsThe results indicate that brain drain negatively affects government AI readiness. Additionally, the presence of ICT specialists, robust governance structures and positive macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita growth and government expenditure growth positively influence AI readiness.Research limitations/implicationsMajor limitations include the focus on a specific region of countries and the relatively short period analyzed. Future research could extend the analysis with more comprehensive datasets and consider additional variables that might influence AI readiness, such as the integration of AI with emerging quantum computing technologies and the impact of governance reforms and international collaborations on AI readiness.Practical implicationsThe theoretical value of this study lies in providing a nuanced understanding of how brain drain impacts government AI readiness, emphasizing the critical roles of skilled human capital, effective governance and macroeconomic factors in enhancing AI capabilities, thereby filling a significant gap in the existing literature.Originality/valueThis research fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between brain drain and government AI readiness. It uses control variables such as ICT specialists, governance structures and macroeconomic factors within the context of the European Union. It offers novel insights for policymakers to enhance AI readiness through targeted interventions addressing brain drain and fostering a supportive environment for AI innovation.

Impact of Government reforms on Indian MSMEs during COVID 19: An analytical study

The whole world is going through a revolutionary change but this time it is not because of changes in technology or government policies. The entire world has changed in order to adapt to the unwarranted pandemic situation created by COVID 19 virus. The economic growth is negative across the world and the Indian economy is no exception. The worst affected is the micro, small and medium scale sector of India, which faced some major challenges. The paper explores the problems these MSMEs (Micro, Small & Medium scale Enterprises) faced during this pandemic and the crisis management that the government can do for the revival of this sector. The paper analyses the government reforms and the changes that Indian MSMEs need to bring to survive such hard times.

Does CEO pay slice reflect poor corporate governance?

AbstractWe examine whether high CEO pay inequality, measured by the share of total managerial pay captured by the CEO (CEO pay slice or CPS), is an outcome of poor corporate governance, and its implications for shareholder wealth. We exploit the 2002 NYSE and NASDAQ governance reforms that mandated firms to have majority independent boards as a quasi‐exogenous source of variation in the internal governance environment of firms. Results show that CPS decreases following the passage of these exchange listing regulations, for firms with entrenched CEOs affected by the exchange listing regulations. Firm value also increases for firms that likely suffer from agency conflicts in the pre‐regulation period. The novelty of our paper stems from combining the difference‐in‐difference estimation with CPS as a measure of CEO compensation, reducing the endogeneity concerns. Our paper links board independence, CPS, CEO entrenchment, and firm value by documenting that the impact of governance reforms on CPS is conditional on CEO entrenchment. Overall, our results suggest that poor corporate governance environments are associated with high CPS and consequently lower firm valuations, supporting the view that high CEO pay inequality reflects managerial entrenchment.

Diplomacy Matters. Why Anticorruption Belongs on the Foreign Policy Agenda and How to Convince the Skeptics

The fight against corruption is notably absent from the foreign policy agendas of OECD states. This discussion paper argues that anticorruption must become a pivotal focus in foreign policy, transcending the realm of development policy, to which it is often confined. It advances three arguments. First, anticorruption in global governance will not be effective when limited to technical reforms. The sobering conclusions from the vast academic literature on the impact of governance reforms suggests that technical interventions alone have limited reach in the countries that are most affected by corruption. Instead, recent studies explain historical advances in curbing corruption by genuinely political processes. Only foreign policy can generate political will and force multilateral action and should therefore augment the international anticorruption arsenal. The second argument emphasizes reasons why foreign affairs policymakers ought to take note. Corruption presents direct challenges to the foreign policy interests of “normative powers” such as the United States, the European Union and its Member States. It fundamentally undermines the very model of rule-based international order and regional stability that these powers seek to promote amidst rising challenges. Corruption furthermore threatens international peace and disadvantages firms seeking to invest abroad. The third argument seeks to refute commonly held views by foreign affairs policymakers on why diplomacy cannot address corruption. The paper argues that practical and effective levers are available to diplomats and international organizations to address corruption in domestic contexts. Three examples are briefly discussed in the paper to advance discussion on this topic: (1) The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and similar standards as mechanisms to induce change by committing states to processes instead of indicators;(2) The Liberia Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP) as an example of how public financial management reform can and should be prioritized in stabilization missions in fragile and post-conflict environments;(3) The recent indictments of high-ranking FIFA soccer officials in the United States and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption as examples of how states can become stewards of global norms, raising global awareness and increasing the risks for those engaging in grand corruption.

Governance and Institutional Autonomy: Governing and Governance in Portuguese Higher Education

This paper aims at looking at governance instruments beyond managerial technicality. It intends to do so by analysing the impact of governance reforms on the universities autonomy assumed as a regulation instrument to politically steer systems and institutions. The regulation efforts undertaken at the European and national levels reflect a trend towards coordination of devolved governance processes (meta-governance). Although there is a wide consensus about awarding autonomy to universities and increasing self-governance, governments need to ensure that their goals are actually pursued, enhancing their regulation frames and meta-governance efforts. This paper focuses on how the governance reform interacts with institutional contexts. The changes promoted by the governance reform are an opportunity to understand how far these apparently contradictory forces operate in three selected Portuguese universities with regard to institutional autonomy.

The impact of governance reform on performance and transparency

This study examines the influence of Mexico’s efforts to improve corporate governance on firm performance and transparency. We utilize compliance data from the Code of ‘Best’ Corporate Practices, disclosed annually by public firms in Mexico, as a measure of corporate governance strength. We document a significant increase in compliance over 2000–2004 indicating Mexican companies view non-compliance as costly. However, we find no association between the governance index and firm performance, nor is there a relation with transparency. Instead, we find firms with greater compliance resort to the more costly mechanism of making dividend payments (higher propensity to pay and greater yield) to reduce agency conflicts. We conclude these associations are the direct result of the institutional features of the Mexican business environment, which is characterized by concentrated ownership of insiders, interlocked boards of directors, a lack of insider trading enforcement, and generally poor protection of minority investors. Our results show that monitoring mechanisms alone are not enough to fundamentally change economic behavior.

Towards Mapping Impact of Governance Reforms: The Role of CAG in Management of State Finances

Towards Mapping Impact of Governance Reforms: The Role of CAG in Management of State Finances

The effects of educational change on morale, job satisfaction and motivation

In the UK the morale of schoolteachers and academicsis the subject of concern, and negative job-relatedattitudes amongst these two groups of educationprofessionals is attributed, in the main, to lowsalary, low status and, in particular, the impact ofgovernment reforms. This article draws upon thefindings of the author's research into jobsatisfaction, morale and motivation amongst teachersin the compulsory schooling and higher educationsectors. It focuses upon one specific issue that wasrevealed to be a significant factor in determiningmorale levels amongst education professionals:attitudes to change. The author outlines herinterpretations and definitions of morale, jobsatisfaction and motivation before examining the waysin which individuals' different responses to theimpact of change on their working lives influencedthese three job‐related attitudes.

The impact of government reforms on radiologic practice in the United Kingdom.

The impact of government reforms on radiologic practice in the United Kingdom.