Impact Of Geographic Mobility Research Articles

Is Geographical Mobility Beneficial? The Impact of the South-to-North Internal Migration on Occupational Achievement in Italy

Geographical mobility plays a crucial role in shaping demographic and social change, yet few studies have examined its impact on occupational success and the transmission of social inequality across generations. This study aims to investigate the effect of internal migration on occupational status in Italy, exploring whether men and women experience a benefit or disadvantage from South-to-North migration, and if this effect is influenced by family status and social class of origin. The research is based on the Italian Household Longitudinal Survey and utilizes a set of fixed effects linear regression panel models combined with Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM). Results show that only men benefit from migration, while women experience a disadvantage, which increases when they move after union formation and the transition to parenthood. Furthermore, the impact of geographical mobility on occupational status varies based on social class of origin only for men, with those from higher classes experiencing a much greater migration benefit than those from medium and lower classes. These findings demonstrate that geographical mobility serves as an additional source of advantage for individuals from higher social classes. The positive effect on male occupational success compounds with family-related benefits, further widening social disparities between individuals in different social strata.

The impact of geographic mobility on the spread of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.

The modern highly globalised economy is jeopardising human health as the increased mobility and interconnectedness has the potential to rapidly transmit pathogens across the globe. This was recently confirmed by the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, which quickly led to localised outbreaks in virtually every country. As the existing health systems were unprepared, the world has witnessed a critical shortage of life-supporting and health-sustaining resources. In the absence of effective non-pharmaceutical interventions to suppress the virus transmission, many governments imposed total or partial lockdowns, with devastating economic consequences. The case of Hong Kong in quickly suppressing the virus from spreading can thus be a lesson for all. In this study, open data sources of infected individuals are employed to compile maps of disease incidents at various geographic scales with the aim of better understanding the transmission dynamics and discern spatial variability. Our findings show that tracking human mobility patterns can improve awareness of spatiotemporal factors driving the risks of human exposure to viruses. Moreover, we have demonstrated that spatial tools can be successfully employed to explore connections between individuals and wider communities with the aim of informing adaptation of policies at different spatial scales and for different time periods. As was shown in the case of Hong Kong, disease control encompasses the interrelated tasks of reducing social interactions and encouraging adoption of protective behaviours.

Bridging the Gap: Making Sense of the Disaccord between Migrants’ Education and Occupation

Social mobility is a central topic of interest within sociology and whilst it has been theoretically linked to spatial mobility, there is still little empirical research on the interplay between the two. Using a subsample of highly educated family migrants from a German mixed-methods project, this study qualitatively analyses the impact of geographical mobility on objective social position and on its subjective perception. Six qualitative interviews are analysed and supplemented with descriptive quantitative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to firstly, reconstruct the spatial mobility trajectories of the individuals and secondly, determine their social position in Germany and ascertain whether they experienced occupational downgrading. These two analyses are integrated to explore how respondents experienced their change in social position. Across the board, respondents migrated as young adults, before or shortly after labour market entry. Five of the participants experienced occupational downgrading. Strikingly, this objective downgrading, whilst acknowledged, was not perceived negatively. The participants constructed a narrative that employed three legitimation strategies to cast their current social position in a positive light: (1) emphasising the rights, stability and security that they experience in Germany, (2) drawing attention to the economic improvement that they experienced and (3) displaying an inner attitude that is marked by modest life aspirations and a high regard for leisure time. By drawing on multinational frames of reference and thus drawing comparisons between their home country and Germany, participants highlighted the experienced benefits.

Do the most successful migrants emulate natives in well‐being? The compound effect of geographical and social mobility

A growing body of research has been focusing on the well-being consequences of migration, yet most of this has overlooked the fact that many migrants experience intragenerational social mobility alongside geographical mobility. Without accounting for the effect of social mobility in working life, the impact of geographical mobility on well-being cannot be clearly examined. This paper focuses on the most successful migrants, who have started from the bottom and have achieved upward social mobility in the course of their careers, and compares their well-being with that of native non-migrants who have experienced a similar intragenerational social mobility trajectory. The analysis is based on a recent national survey in China, which has a representative sample for both the overall population and migrants. Findings show that migrants, whether from an urban or rural origin, have better incomes but significantly lower levels of well-being than natives, even with a similar career advancement trajectory and the same destination class position. Further exploration shows that the well-being disadvantage of migrants is mainly due to institutional and sociocultural barriers, rather than to reward differentials in the labour market. This may have a wider implication for migrants across national borders.

Unpacking commercial gentrification in central Paris

This article documents the complex course of commercial upgrading in four neighbourhoods of central Paris, a slow process in which transnational flows and state intervention play an outsized role. The data was collected at 20 independent coffee shops located in the West 11th district and supplemented by long-term observation of the business mix evolution. The article focuses on the impact of geographic mobility – including migration and residential tourism – in the rapid development of upmarket alternatives to French cafes and bistros. It goes on to explain how political intervention/deregulation facilitated capital investment in commercial real estate. It then discusses the culturally informed perceptions that helped define desirable forms of consumption for France. The article demonstrates the extent to which cross-border flows influenced commercial gentrification, and calls for further research into the complex interplay of local, transnational, private and public forces driving urban change.

Impact of Geographic Mobility on Military Children's Access to Special Education Services

Impact of Geographic Mobility on Military Children's Access to Special Education Services

“My Filipina is from Ghana:” Transnational Migration, Nannies and Family Life

Nanny caretakers come from many countries throughout the world and serve families in many different countries. This paper will examine the complexity of the domestic emotional labor relationship that can exist between nanny caretakers and their charges—children or the elderly. It will give attention to the transnational social relationships that exist between nannies who maintain emotional, social, economic, and familial ties to their own family members who reside in their home countries while taking care of family members who live in the migrating country. Further, it will examine the development of relationships among family members who have joined the nannies in their foreign country. The impact of geographical mobility and separation on the processes of identification formation as well as processes of assimilation and acculturation to life in their new country will be investigated. The implications this has for future family relationships for nannies both in their country of origin and in their country of residence is of concern.

HIV care for geographically mobile populations.

The interaction between geographic mobility and risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection is well recognized, but what happens to those same individuals, once infected, as they transition to living with the infection? Does mobility affect their transition into medical care? If so, do mobile and nonmobile populations achieve similar success with antiretroviral treatment? The definition of mobility has changed over the centuries to encompass a complex phenotype including permanent migration, frequent travel, circular migration, and travel to and from treatment centers. The heterogeneity of these definitions leads to discordant findings. Investigations show that mobility has an impact on infection risk, but fewer data exist on the impact of geographic mobility on medical care and treatment outcomes. This review will examine existing data regarding the impact of geographic mobility on access to and maintenance in medical care and on adherence to antiretroviral therapy for those living with human immunodeficiency virus infection. It will also expand the concept of mobility to include data on the impact of the distance from residence to clinic on medical care and treatment adherence. Our conclusions are that the existing literature is limited by varying definitions of mobility and the inherent oversimplification necessary to apply a "mobility measure" in a statistical analysis. The impact of mobility on antiretroviral treatment outcomes deserves further exploration to both define the phenomenon and target interventions to these at-risk populations.

Transfusion‐acquired Trypanosoma cruzi infection

A 3(1/2)-year-old girl with Stage 4 neuroblastoma received multiple blood components and was subsequently diagnosed with Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. All blood donors of the units that were transfused were requested to return to the collection facility for a blood sample to be tested for antibodies to T. cruzi. One first-time donor was found to be positive for the presence of T. cruzi antibodies. This donor was originally from Bolivia and immigrated to the United States 17 years previously. She had not returned to her native country since her emigration. This is the seventh reported case of Chagas disease transmission by blood transfusion in the United States and Canada. Although this would not be expected to occur in New England, it did, and this case demonstrates the significance of the immune status of patients as it relates to transfusion-acquired infections, the impact of geographic mobility in disease transmission, and the need for a licensed screening test for Chagas disease for the US blood supply.

Migration and Fertility: Competing Hypotheses Re-examined

Competing views exist concerning the impact of geographical mobility on childbearing patterns. Early research shows that internal migrants largely exhibit fertility levels dominant in their childhood environment, while later studies find migrants’ fertility to resemble more closely that of natives at destination. Some authors attribute the latter to adaptation, others claim the selection of migrants by fertility preferences. Moreover, short-term fertility-lowering-effects of residential relocation have also been proposed and challenged in the literature. This paper contributes to the existing discussion by providing an analysis of the effect of internal migration on fertility of post-war Estonian female cohorts. We use retrospective event-history data and apply intensity regression for both single and simultaneous equations. Our analysis shows that first, the risk of birth for native residents decreases with increasing settlement size and the decrease is larger for higher-order parities. Second, it shows that migrants, whatever their origin, exhibit fertility levels similar to those of non-migrants at destination. We also observe elevated fertility levels after residential relocations arising from union formation. Our further analysis supports the adaptation hypothesis. We find no evidence on (strong) selectivity of migrants by fertility preferences.

Going, Going, Gone: The Impact of Geographical Mobility on Religious Involvement

Geographical movement has important implications for organized religion. As people move from place to place, they create a revolving door situation for religious groups. Congregations and denominations gain members and lose them in accordance with the participation inclinations of geographically-mobile individuals. Some retain denominational ties; some switch; some drop out. Despite the frequency and importance of residential movement, limited research on the mobility-involvement issue has been carried out to date, with most studies focusing on the themes of immigration and migration. In this paper, the author looks at the question in the Canadian setting, drawing upon national survey data for 1990. The extent of residential and provincial movement since 1980 is examined, with the relationship between religious involvement, mobility, and a number of additional pertinent variables explored. Seven variables, including residential mobility, emerge as the most salient, and are assembled in a causal model to examine their direct and indirect effects on participation. Residential mobility is found to have a noteworthy total effect, partly because of its indirect influence through age. The relative importance of residential mobility as a determinant of involvement is discussed, along with region of destination, religious identification, and childhood socialization. The paper concludes with reflections on the implications of the findings for religious involvement and religious organizations.

Work and Well-Being in the Two-Person Career: Relocation Stress and Coping among Clergy Husbands and Wives

Geographical relocation affects as many as 20% of Americans every year (Hazler & Nass, 1988). More than half of these residential changes are work related (Employee Transfer Corporation, 1982). Considerable research has focused on the impact of geographic mobility on family members' well-being, including their physical health, work effectiveness and satisfaction, and the quality of their marital and family relationships. The results of these studies have been inconclusive, however, with some suggesting few negative effects associated with relocation (e.g., Brett, 1982; Marchant & Medway, 1987; McKain, 1973; Pihl & Caron, 1980), and others citing severe strain as a consequence of relocation (e.g., Ammons, Nelson, & Wodarski, 1982; Barrett & Noble, 1973; Brett, 1982; Gaylord & Symons, 1986; Marshall & Cooper, 1979; Pedersen & Sullivan, 1964; Watson, 1990). Very little research effort has been directed at attempts to identify factors associated with successful adaptation to relocation, and few studies have compared the well-being of relocators with that of similar nonrelocators. The few studies that have compared relocators and nonrelocators have failed to find significant differences between these groups in terms of personality (Pihl & Caron, 1980) or work satisfaction (Brett, 1982), but have suggested that gender may be an important factor in adjustment to relocation. Because geographic moves are most often initiated to further men's careers, husbands tend to evaluate relocation experiences more favorably than their wives do. The majority of relocated male executives in one study, for instance, regarded their job-related transfers as useful for themselves as well as their employers. The greater their career aspirations, the more favorably they evaluated their moves (Glueck, 1974). Wives of men who were transferred for job-related reasons, on the other hand, exhibited high levels of depression and experienced boredom; loneliness; and feelings of loss, sadness, and vulnerability (Ammons et al., 1982; Gaylord, 1979; Glueck, 1974; Levin, Groves, & Lurie, 1980; Weissman & Paykel, 1972). In this paper, we use a family stress model to identify factors that are associated with successful adaptation to frequent involuntary relocation. The Double ABCX model of coping and adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983) proposes that adaptation to crises such as relocation depends on the of preceding and following the crisis, available coping resources, and of the ability to cope with the stresses associated with the event. The use of this model, which is described in more detail in the following section, may also allow a more complete understanding of the ways in which women and men respond differently to the stressors associated with relocation demanded by husbands' employers. We extend the existing literature by focusing on the ministry, an occupation that demands frequent relocation but which has rarely been studied in this regard. Most relocation research has focused on business executives (Ammons et al., 1982; Anderson & Stark, 1988; Boss, McCubbin, & Lester, 1979; Carruthers & Pinder, 1983; Marshall & Cooper, 1979) and military populations Marchant & Medway, 1987; McCubbin & Lavee, 1986; McKain, 1973). Religious professionals provide a unique opportunity for applying the Double ABCX model. Their strong religious beliefs, sense of being called to the ministry, extensive collegial support networks, and job-related experience and training in counseling may be effectively subsumed by the various components of the model, particularly perceptions and coping. Moreover, the structuring of this profession as a two-person career that involves extensive commitment on the part of wives has implications for women's well-being that may operate through the pile-up of demands. FRAMEWORK The Double ABCX model (McCubbin & Patterson, 1982, 1983) is an extension of Hill's (1949) original ABCX model of family stress. …

The Impact of Geographic Mobility on Individuals and Families

The purpose of this paper is to contribute understanding about the magnitude of the movement to and within the United States....The paper has been divided into major sections beginning with the extent of local movement as well as long distance movement to and within the United States followed by a discussion of the reasons people and families give for moving some of the consequences of residential movement the main streams of migration the special problems created by refugees and undocumented migrants and the provisions and effects of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control ACT (IRCA) the provisions of the Immigration Act of 1990 and a section on the current immigrant situation. A closing section presents an outlook on how this new legislation is being implemented and on policy issues it has raised.... This article is also published in the book titled Families on the Move: Migration Immigration Emigration and Mobility edited by Barbara H. Settles et al. Binghamton New York Haworth Press 1993. (EXCERPT)

The Impact of Geographical Mobility on Adolescent Religious Orientation: An Australian Study

The argument in this longitudinal study of 375 adolescents, 16 to 18 years old is that the impact of geographical mobility on religious orientation derives from the social meaning of mobility to the mover. It is argued that the impact of mobility will vary according to the social basis of behavior and beliefs. Results supported predictions that those aspects of adolescent religious orientation based on identification with reference groups would be relatively resilient to the impact of mobility, while behavior based on compulsion would be more vulnerable.

The Impact of Geographical Mobility on Adolescent Religious Orientation]: Commentary

The Impact of Geographical Mobility on Adolescent Religious Orientation]: Commentary

The impact of geographic mobility on Jewish community participation: Disruptive or supportive?

Among two different subgroups of Jews, Reform/Nonaffiliated and Orthodox/ Conservative, geographic mobility has different implications For the former, evidence supported the older, “pessimistic” perspective—that mobility is linked to reduced ethnic identification and participation Among the latter group, evidence supported the more modern perspective, that mobility need not mean ethnic detachment and can even promote ethnic participation Important in determining the effects of geographic mobility may be the nature of ethnic community identity-commitment orientation